雷公藤单体T4对大鼠变态期精子细胞核蛋白转换的影响

大鼠喂服雷公藤单体Ｔ４７周后，取睾丸分离长形精子细胞核，取附睾分离精子核，提取总碱性核蛋白（ＴＮＢＰ），经电泳扫描后分析，发现长形精子细胞核ＴＨ／ＲＰ（总组蛋白／大鼠精核蛋白）比值升高，糖核蛋白含量下降，附睾精子核碱性蛋白也发生类似的改变，表明睾丸变态期精子细胞组蛋白一精核蛋白取代反应受阻，进而导致附睾精子核蛋白异常，这可能是Ｔ４导致大鼠不育的重要原因。文中还对精核蛋白与生育力的关系予以讨论。     

铅离子对雄(男)性生殖系统的毒性影响

铅离子(Pb2+)对雄(男)性生殖系统具有毒性作用。Pb2+可致睾丸、附睾及其附属性腺重量下降,生精上皮损伤,各级生精细胞脱落,支持细胞和间质细胞退化,睾酮水平下降,参与睾酮合成的酶活性被阻断等功能异常。精子发生减少、畸形精子增多、精子运动能力下降、活性氧增多等,引致雄(男)性生育力下降。本文综述Pb2+对睾丸、附睾及附属性腺的影响及其作用机制。     

雷公藤多甙对大鼠生精细胞及其酶活性的影响

本文连续观察了雄性大鼠服用雷公藤多甙(GTW)30至80d 后睾丸、附睾细胞形态学改变及睾丸 ACP、ALP、3β-HSD、睾丸和附睾生精细胞 LDH-C_4活性的变化;同时注意了药物抗生育作用的可逆性。结果表明:附睾精子先于睾丸生精细胞发生质和量的变化;支持细胞 ACP 活性有增强趋势;睾丸 ALP,LDH-C_4酶活性相对减弱,为生精细胞损伤的结果;用药80d 时,3β-HSD 活性则明显减弱。结果还提示 GTW 引起的不育似有恢复的可能。     

奥硝唑对雄性大鼠生育功能的影响

目的:探讨奥硝唑(ORN)对雄性大鼠生育功能的影响。方法:选择健康成年雄鼠分别给予ORN100mg/kg(低剂量组)、400mg/kg(中剂量组)和800mg/kg(高剂量组),连续灌胃给药20d,并以正常组(1%CMC-Na溶液)为对照。各组半数动物于末次给药后24h处死,进行生殖系统毒性的观察。剩下的雄鼠,进行停药后24h和恢复期的交配实验。结果:①与对照组相比,高剂量组的睾丸系数、附睾系数、精子的活力及日产量均显著降低(P<0.01),精子头部畸形率显著升高(P<0.01);随着剂量的增加,各给药组的精子存活率逐渐降低,均与对照组差异显著(P<0.01)。②组织切片显示,低、中剂量组无明显改变,高剂量组大鼠睾丸的多数生精小管管腔内可见坏死、脱落的生精细胞团,附睾管腔中有较多的非精子细胞成分。③低、中、高剂量组均能降低雄鼠的生育力,其降低程度与给药剂量相关。低、中剂量组雄鼠停药35d后生育力与正常组无明显差异;高剂量组停药35d后生育率仅为43%。结论:奥硝唑具有明显的抗雄性生育作用,其影响程度与给药剂量有关。在一定剂量范围内其对雄性大鼠生育功能的影响是可逆的。     

雷公藤单体TW19雄性抗生育及免疫活性调节的研究

TW1 9系从雷公藤根皮中提取分离出的一个二萜类化合物 ,本文比较了 TW1 9对SD大鼠、ICR小鼠和昆明种小鼠的雄性抗生育作用 ,以及对 ICR小鼠免疫功能的影响。TW1 9连续 5周灌服给药 ,以交配试验观察抗生育效果。结果显示 TW1 9对 SD大鼠、ICR小鼠、昆明种小鼠抗生育作用的半数有效剂量 (ED50 )分别为 332 .0μg/kg、36 9.9μg/kg、2 86 .8μg/kg。TW1 9在抗生育有效剂量时能使昆明种小鼠及 SD大鼠附睾内精子数量和活动力下降 ,睾丸重量减轻 ,而对 ICR种小鼠没有影响。TW1 9对体外培养的 T、B淋巴细胞具有抑制作用 ,而抑制 ICR种小鼠体内抗体的生成 ,但是对于整体动物 B细胞的增殖和补体 C3的产生有促进作用     

雷公藤多苷对大鼠生精细胞及其酶活性的影响

本文连续观察了雄性大鼠服用雷公藤多甙（GTW）30至80d后睾丸、附睾细胞形态学改变及睾及ACP、ALP、3β－HSD、睾丸和附睾生精细胞LDH－C4活性的变化；同时注意了药物抗生育作用的可逆性。结果表明：附睾精子先于睾丸生精细胞发生质和量的变化；支持细胞ACP活性有增强趋势；睾丸ALP，LDH－C4酶活性相对减弱，为生精细胞损伤的结果；用药80d时，3β－HSD活性则明显减弱。结果还提示GTW引起的不育似有恢复的可能。     

长期使用十一酸睾酮抑制大鼠睾丸和附睾的雄激素受体基因表达

本研究探讨十一酸睾酮抗雄性大鼠生育的机制。１２周龄雄性ＳＤ大鼠,给药组８只每２周注射２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ十一酸睾酮,共３个月。与１０只对照大鼠比较,十一酸睾酮处理大鼠睾丸网液中精子密度下降到对照组的７％,附睾尾部精子活动力下降至对照组的６％,血清睾酮水平上升至对照组的２５５％,而睾丸网液睾酮却下降至对照组的５５％。两组之间均有非常显著差异。未发现十一酸睾酮处理大鼠睾丸生殖细胞和附睾上皮细胞凋亡状况有明显改变,但睾丸和附睾的雄激素受体基因表达显著低于对照组大鼠。十一酸睾酮抑制睾丸精子生成和降低附睾精子活动力可能与睾丸网液的雄激素水平下降以及睾丸和附睾雄激素受体基因表达的抑制有关。     

雷公藤单体TWl9雄性抗生育及免疫活性调节的研究

TWl9系从雷公藤根皮中提取分离出的一个二萜类化合物,本文比较了TWl9对SD大鼠、ICR小鼠和昆明种小鼠的雄性抗生育作用,以及对ICR小鼠免疫功能的影响。TWl9连续5周灌服给药,以交配试验观察抗生育效果。结果显示TWl9对SD大鼠、ICR小鼠、昆明种小鼠抗生育作用的半数有效剂量(ED50)分别为332.0μg/kg、369.9μg/kg、286.8μg/kg。TWl9在抗生育有效剂量时能使昆明种小鼠及SD大鼠附睾内精子数量和活动力下降,睾丸重量减轻,而对ICR种小鼠没有影响。TWl9对体外培养的T、B淋巴细胞具有抑制作用,而抑制ICR种小鼠体内抗体的生成,但是对于整体动物B细胞的增殖和补体C3的产生有促进作用。     

家兔及犬输精管内注射BCG后睾丸及附睾的形态学观察

在9只雄性成年家兔及5只雄性成年犬的输精管内向附睾方向注入BCG,结果显示睾丸有明显的生精障碍(与对照组相比)。变化最显著的是变态期精子细胞和精母细胞,对间质细胞无明显影响。此结果说明在近附睾尾部的输精管内向附睾方向注射BCG可能是一种免疫避孕的方法。     

亚慢性口服氯化镉对成年大鼠睾丸生精功能的影响

目的:探讨亚慢性口服氯化镉(CdCl2)对成年SD大鼠睾丸生精功能的影响。方法:将SD大鼠分成8组,每组6只,分别喂含Cd2+0mg/kg(A组),8mg/kg(B组),40mg/kg(C组),200mg/kg(D组)的全价鼠粮1个月,及含Cd2+0mg/kg(E组),8mg/kg(F组),40mg/kg(G组),200mg/kg(H组)的全价鼠粮2个月。采用光镜和透射电镜观察睾丸生精上皮的组织学和细胞学变化,以精子常规参数来评价精子品质的改变。结果:光镜观察见D组和H组曲细精管初级精母细胞层与精原细胞层之间发生分离,局限性生精上皮脱落;H组生精上皮细胞层次减少。透射电镜观察到D组支持细胞胞质电子密度减小,残余小体增多,精原细胞核固缩,胞质内出现空泡。H组还出现曲细精管界膜内陷,支持细胞次级溶酶体、脂滴和残余小体增多,精子尾部中段外周致密纤维及外周微管部分缺失。D组体重增长值、睾丸每日精子生成量、附睾尾精子量与A组相比明显减少(P<0.05)。G和H组睾丸每日精子生成量、附睾尾精子量明显少于E组(P<0.01)。睾丸每日精子生成量、附睾尾精子量与染Cd2+剂量呈明显负相关关系(P<0.001)。H组与E组相比,体重增长下降,睾丸水肿,精子存活率、活动率和精子正常形态率下降,精子畸形指数上升(P<0.05)。结论:亚慢性口服CdCl2可造成成年大鼠睾丸生精上皮损伤,生精功能下降,损伤具有?     

Testicular function in rats following immobilization stress

Stress is believed to influence male reproductive activity. Male rats were subjected to immobilization stress for 2 h/day for 30 days to assess the effects of stress on testicular function. Net mass of the testes, epididymes and the seminal vesicles, sperm morphology, number of epididymal sperms and percent progressive motility of the sperms were determined. Adrenal weights were significantly increased (P less than 0.05) in the stressed animals. There was no significant difference between the control and the stressed animals with respect to testicular and epididymal weight, level of sperm production, progressive motility, seminal vesicular weight and abnormal forms. Histological examination also revealed a similarity in the structure of seminiferous tubules, adequacy of cell types of developing germ cells, structure of Leydig cells and epididymal lumina in both the groups. This study demonstrated a lack of significant effect of immobilization stress on testicular function in rats.     

Effect of estradiol benzoate on reproductive organs and fertility in the male rat

The effects of estradiol benzoate (E2B) at a dose of 50 micrograms/day per rat for 7, 15 and 24 days on some androgenic parameters, viz. organ weights including those of pituitary, succinate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, fructose, cholesterol and protein of epididymis, vas deferens, accessory glands and fertility in male rats were investigated. The semen characteristics and standard electron microscopy (SEM) study on sperm morphology of cauda epididymis were also carried out. The results revealed that most of the androgenic parameters were decreased by E2B administration, whereas the accumulation of cholesterol and protein occurred in testis and epididymis due to androgen deprivation to target organs. This deprivation effect also led to a reduction in testicular and cauda epididymal sperm population, loss of motility in the latter and an increase in number of abnormal spermatozoa, thereby manifesting 100% failure in fertility in treated animals. Moreover, these effects were related to the duration of the treatment. Thus, the estradiol benzoate showed androgen antagonistic and antifertility effects in rats.     

不育或流产患者抗精子及抗附睾的人单克隆抗体制备

我们用ＥＢ病毒转化法从免疫性不育或流产患者的淋巴细胞中制备了一批抗精子和抗附睾的人单克隆抗体。抗精子抗体与全精子、精子头、精子尾、赤道部或核后部反应；抗附睾抗体与附睾基细胞或纤毛区反应。这些来源于不育患者淋巴细胞的抗体具有抗生育效应的可能性较大，对人体具有副作用的可能性相对较小。其中抗附睾基细胞抗体的作用区段与精子在附睾内成熟的区段相一致，这种抗体对基细胞的功能及其在生殖过程中的作用均有特殊的研究价值。     

Antifertility effects of alcoholic seed extract of Abrus precatorius Linn. in male albino rats

Effects of alcoholic seed extract of Abrus precatorius Linn. were investigated at a dose of 100 mg/Kg body wt./day/rat for 60 days on fertility, semen profile and sperm metabolism of orally administered sexually mature male albino rats using WHO protocols. Serum testosterone levels were also measured using RIA technique. The data revealed that the cauda epididymal sperm motility was significantly lowered with no effect in its sperm concentration by 60 days of feeding. The scanning electron microscopic study on sperm morphology exhibited decapitation, acrosomal damage and formation of bulges on midpiece region of sperms in treated rats. The biochemical studies on epididymal spermatozoa indicated alterations in their energy and/or oxidative metabolism as evidenced by a fall in succinate dehydrogenase and ATPase levels by extract allocation. It did not exert any effect in body and organ weights. But an average number of implantation sites in females after mating with the treated male rats markedly declined. Contrarily, a significant increase in serum testosterone levels was noted by 60 days of administration. Thus, the decrease in fertility rate in extract receiving animals is correlated with reduced sperm motility, metabolism and altered sperm morphology in epididymis.     

Comprehensive assessment of the effect of Sphenocentrum jollyanum root extract on male reproductive activity in albino rats

Aim  To evaluate the effect of methanol extract from the Sphenocentrum jollyanum root on male reproductive activity. Methods  Male albino rats were treated orally with distilled water (vehicle for the extract; control) and 50, 100 and 150 mg kg^-1 body weight of Sphenocentrum jollyanum root extract for 8 weeks. Each group had its own recovery. Rats were killed 24 h after the last treatment. Caudal epididymal sperm count, motility, viability, morphology and organ weights were determined. Hematological indices, serum proteins, enzymes, testicular Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and testicular and epididymal histology were determined. Results  Compared with the control, the extract caused a dose dependent significant (P< 0.05) reduction in progressive motility of spermatozoa, viability and total sperm counts. The number of abnormal spermatozoa and epididymal volume were not statistically significant. There was a significant increase (P< 0.05) in serum testosterone levels in rats treated with 50 (P< 0.01) and l00 mg kg⁻¹ (P< 0.05) of Sphenocentrum jollyanum. There was a significant (P< 0.05) increase in red blood cell count, packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration, whereas there was no change in white blood cell count, mean total serum protein, albumin and globulin in the sera of Sphenocentrum jollyanum treated rats when compared with the control. The extract caused a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities with a significant increase (P < 0.05) in testicular SOD activity at a dose of 50 mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight. Testicular cytoarchitecture of the extract treated rats showed degeneration of seminiferous tubules, whereas regeneration of germinal epithelium and restructuring of the germinal interstitium occurred in the recovery rats. No lesions were observed in the epididymis of the rats. Conclusion  The results suggest that methanol extract of the Sphenocentrum jollyanum root could produce harmful effects on reproductive functions in male albino rats which can be attributed to poor sperm quantity (epididymal sperm count), quality (sperm motility, viability and morphology) and testicular degeneration. The steroidogenic potential of the plant could explain its use as an aphrodisiac agent.     

雷公藤单体对大鼠睾丸间质细胞及支持细胞毒性与其抗生育作用不相关

本文用体外培养的睾丸间质细胞和支持细胞筛选了２２种从雷公藤根、皮中分离、纯化的单体，并选择其中对两种细胞杀伤作用强、弱不同的化合物ＴＷ－９，ＴＷ－５，ＴＷ－２８和ＴＷ－２７进行抗生育试验以及体外杀精试验。结果发现对两种细胞毒性作用最弱的ＴＷ－１９对大鼠有明显的抗生育作用；而毒性作用较强的ＴＷ－５，ＴＷ－２８和最强的ＴＷ－２７则无明显的抗生育作用。然而这四种化合物的体外杀精强度则依次为：ＴＷ－２７，ＴＷ－５，ＴＷ－１９，ＴＷ－２８。与它们的抗生育作用不相关。     

腺嘌呤诱导不育大鼠精子中精蛋白mRNA的研究

目的 :研究正常生育大鼠和腺嘌呤诱导的不育大鼠附睾精子中精蛋白及其 m RNA的含量以及它们的相关性。方法 :大鼠喂服腺嘌呤制备不育动物模型 ,收集对照组和不育组大鼠附睾精子 ,提取总碱性核蛋白 ( TNBP) ,电泳分析 ;提取总 RNA,用 RT- PCR分析精蛋白 m RNA相对含量。结果 :不育组大鼠附睾精子中精蛋白含量明显低于正常组 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,对精蛋白 m RNA的分析也得到了相似结果 ,正常组和不育组相比较 ,有非常显著差异 ( P<0 .0 0 1 )。结论 :精子中精蛋白 m RNA的相对含量能反映出精子中精蛋白的相对含量 ,为男性不育症的基因诊断提供了新思路     

Effects of prostaglandins on histophysiology of male reproductive organs and fertility in rats

The effects of subcutaneous injections of prostaglandins F2 alpha and E1 (PGF2 alpha and E1) on the histophysiology of male reproductive organs of mature albino rats and their fertility rate were studied. Although most of the androgensensitive biochemical parameters were reduced by PG treatment, the level of cholesterol and activities of 3 beta and 17 beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenases were not significantly altered in the testis. These results indicate a probable decline in target organ response to androgen and/or in conversion of testosterone to its metabolites. The reduction in fertility rate of prostaglandin-treated male rats has been correlated with the altered morphology of the epididymal spermatozoa as well as with their reduced density and motility. The weights of testis and epididymis were significantly reduced but those of seminal vesicle (SV) and ventral prostate (VP) were increased by PG treatment. The height of the germinal/secretory epithelium, the tubular diameter of testis, and the epididymis were decreased, but Leydig cell diameter was not affected. The reduced fructose in SV and the corresponding increase in its weight suggest that there is hypertrophy but no hyperplasia. On the other hand, in VP there probably occur both hypertrophy and hyperplasia. It is evident from the results that PGF2 alpha and E1 exert a definite growth promoting effect particularly in SV and VP together with the antiandrogenic and partial antifertility effects.     

Morphometric epididymal epithelium analysis in obstructive azoospermic men: Predictive values in fertilization rates

Purpose: Our purpose was to determine the obstructed epididymal epithelium morphometric state and to elucidate the influence of morphometric parameters on the fertilizing ability of aspirated spermatozoa. Methods: During MESA with IVF, epididymal tissue samples were carefully dissected, fixed, and prepared for morphometric analysis. The epithelium of the three regions was studied: head, body, and tail (when present). The total area/luminal area ratio, epithelium thickness, and stereocilium length were measured. Results: We have found significant differences in the total area/luminal area ratio, epithelium thickness, and stereocilium length in obstructed epididymal length >4 versus 0.5–2 cm (P0.01). Epithelium thickness and stereocilium length were significantly lower when no fertilization was observed in IVF. Conclusions: These results suggest that morphometric data of obstructed epididymis epithelium can be used as a means of explaining the failure of IVF with epididymal spermatozoa.