白内障超声乳化吸除术的不同切口对角膜散光的影响

为探讨超声乳化白内障吸除术不同大小切口对术后视力和手术源性角膜散光的影响，对白内障超声乳化３２ｍｍ水平切口、６０ｍｍ反眉状切口的６９只眼对照白内障囊外摘除术１２ｍｍ切口的９６只眼，在术后１周至３个月进行视力和角膜散光的测定和评价。结果：超声乳化３２ｍｍ切口组和６０ｍｍ组术后１周至１个月的视力明显高于囊外摘除１２ｍｍ切口组（Ｐ＜００５），术后１周至３个月时超声乳化组角膜散光明显低于囊外摘除组（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：采用６ｍｍ反眉状巩膜隧道切口水平缝合一针，同样有效减少术后角膜散光并早期获得良好视力，术后１个月时的视力和角膜散光比较３２ｍｍ切口组无明显差异。     

白内障超声乳化吸出及折叠人工晶体植入手术分析

目的：评价超声乳化白内障吸出及折叠人工晶体植入术的疗效。方法：对５６例（６４只眼）老年性、先天性和并发性白内障施行３．２ｍｍ巩膜隧道切口超声乳化及折叠人工晶体植入术。并对术后１周、１个月及３个月视力和散光进行追踪观察。结果：术后１周裸眼或矫正视力≥０．５者占８７．５％，１个月者占９３．８％，３个月以上者占９７．１％。术后１周平均散光为１．４２±０．８９Ｄ，１个月为０．８４±０．６４Ｄ，３个月以上为０．８１±０．１２Ｄ。与同期所做５．５ｍｍ切口超声乳化及ＰＭＭＡ硬性人工晶体植入术组比较，术后１周和１个月散光均小于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），术后３个月散光无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：３．２ｍｍ切口超声乳化及折叠人工晶体植入术早期视力恢复快，效果好而稳定，角膜散光小，适当的植入方法及慎重选择病例可保证手术效果。     

60眼白内障超声乳化折叠式人工晶体植入术小结

本文报导了６０例６０眼白内障超声乳化术后经原３．２ｍｍ巩膜隧道小切口植入折叠式人工晶体。术后第一天有５４眼（９０％）的裸眼视力≥０．５，第一周６０眼（１００％）≥０．５，第一月２３眼（３８．３３％）≥１．０，第三月２７眼（４５％）≥１．０。手术致角膜散光第一周为１．２１±０．３８Ｄ，第一月为１．０２±０．１７Ｄ，第三月为０．８７±０．１２Ｄ。结果表明：白内障超声乳化折叠式人工晶体植入术的早期视力恢复快效果好，手术致角膜散光少及屈光状态稳定，并无严重并发症。作者还介绍了折叠式人工晶体的发展、材料和种类，讨论了折叠式人工晶体的植入方法及疗效。     

透明角膜切口的白内障超声乳化摘除及折叠式人工晶体植入术

目的评价通过透明角膜切口的白内障超声乳化摘除及折叠式人工晶体植入手术的疗效。方法采用上方３．２ｍｍ梯形透明角膜切口,对９０例（１００只眼）老年性、并发性、先天性和外伤性白内障行超声乳化摘除,并植入硅胶或ＨＥＭＡ折叠式人工晶体。结果术后１天裸眼或球镜矫正视力≥０．５者占９３．０％;术后１周,１个月和３个月视力≥１．０者分别占５６．０％,６５．１％和６７．５％。术后１周平均散光为０．９３±０．５８Ｄ,比术前增加０．２０Ｄ（Ｐ＜０．００１）。术后１个月和３个月平均散光分别为０．７８±０．６０Ｄ和０．７３±０．５９Ｄ,与术前无统计学差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论提示透明角膜切口的超声乳化和折叠式人工晶体植入术具有早期恢复和稳定眼屈光状态和视力的优点。     

6mm无缝线切口与非折叠式人工晶体植入术

目的:评价角膜缘后界6mm无缝线巩膜隧道切口白内障超声乳化摘除及非折叠式人工晶体植入手术的疗效。方法:以12点角膜缘后界为切点作6mm水平“一”字形巩膜隧道切口,对50例55眼白内障行超声乳化摘除与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯非折叠式人工晶体植入手术。其中53眼术毕巩膜切口不作缝线,2眼因后囊膜破裂改为12mm切口囊外摘除术。结果:切口无缝线病例术后1周裸眼视力≥0.6占92.4％,≥1.0占50.9％;术后1个月视力≥0.6占98.1％,≥1.0占67.9％。术后1周与1个月平均散光分别为0.63±0.36D、0.61±0.33D,与术前平均散光0.60±0.48D相比,无明显差别(t检验P>0.05)。结论:角膜缘后界无缝线6mm巩膜隧道切口白内障超声乳化摘除及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯非折叠式人工晶体植入术早期视力恢复快,术后角膜散光小,值得临床推广。眼科学报1999:15:262-264。     

超声乳化术不同切口对视力和散光的影响

目的　探讨超声乳化术中不同形式切口对视力和散光的影响。方法　１１０例１１０只眼白内障随机分为５．５ｍ ｍ 直线式或眉状巩膜隧道切口。除创口形状外,每例都做相同的手术,裸眼视力和散光分析至术后３ｍ ｏ。结果　术后１ｗ ｋ 和３ｍ ｏ 视力≥０．５者,在直线切口组分别为３４ 眼（６４．３％ ）和４６眼（８２．２％ ）,在眉状切口组分别为３５ 眼（６４．９％ ）和４４ 眼（８１．５％ ）,２组差异无显著性（Ｐ＞ ０．１０）;２组“反规则”的角膜散光在术后３ｍ ｏ 分别为－ ０．３０±０．７５Ｄ和－ ０．３０±０．７０Ｄ,差异也不显著（Ｐ＞ ０．１０）。结论　超声乳化术中,５．５ｍ ｍ 直线式或眉状不同的巩膜隧道切口对患者术后视力和角膜散光并无明显的影响。     

双瓣切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术

目的　探讨双瓣切口白内障囊外摘除人工晶体植入术后角膜散光及视力结果。方法　对４２ 例５４ 只眼老年性白内障施行双瓣切口白内障囊外摘除人工晶体植入术,追踪随访３～６ｍｏ。结果　手术后１ｗｋ 裸眼视力≥１－０ 者占４０－７４％ ,≥０－５ 者６６－６７ ％ ;矫正视力＞ １－０ 者１－８５％ ,＞ ０－５ 者占７５－９２ ％ ;术后３ｍｏ,裸眼视力＞ １－０ 者１－８５％ ,＞ ０－５ 者２－２２％ ;矫正视力＞ １－０ 者５９－２５％ ,＞ ０－５ 者８５－１８％ － 角膜散光在术后１ｗｋ 平均为０－８８±０－６１Ｄ,术后３ｍｏ 平均为０－７６±０－５８Ｄ。与同时期对照组相比,该术式术后视力及角膜散光收稿　１９９９０４２７本文编辑　张知达作者单位　５７０２０８ 　海南省,海口市人民医院眼科均优于常规切口法,差异有显著性（ Ｐ＜０－０１） ;但与小切口超声乳化白内障手术相比,差异无显著性（Ｐ＞ ０－０５） 。术中术后无任何严重并发症发生。结论　双瓣切口法安全、可靠、术中易缝合、切口对合好、自身关闭紧密、术后角膜散光小,是一种理想的白内障囊外摘除人工晶体植入术的切口。     

5.5mm无缝线不同部位切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶体植入术比较

目的评价不同部位手术切口白内障超声乳化吸除非折叠式人工晶体植入术的方法和临床疗效。方法对110例(110眼)白内障患者,随机分A、B、C3组行白内障超声乳化非折叠式人工晶体植入术,其中A组38眼为上方巩膜隧道切口,B组44眼为上方角巩膜缘切口,C组28眼为上方透明角膜切口。并于术后第1天、1周、1个月、3个月观察术后裸眼视力、角膜散光及手术并发症发生情况。结果3组术后近期及远期裸眼视力无显著差异。A组、B组术后散光无显著差异。C组术后散光最大,有统计学意义,其术后并发症多。结论巩膜隧道切口、角巩膜缘切口优于透明角膜切口,安全可靠。     

不同切口超声乳化术后角膜屈光状态比较

目的：比较３．２ｍｍ上方角膜缘切口、上方巩膜切口和颞侧角膜缘切口行超声乳化白内障吸出后房折叠人工晶体植入术（ＰＥＡ＋ＦＩＯＬ术）术后角膜屈光状态。方法：对６８例７３眼白内障患者行３．２ｍｍ切口的ＰＥＡ＋ＦＩＯＬ术,其中３９眼为上方角膜缘切口,上方巩膜和颞侧角膜缘切口各１７眼。结果：（１）各组间比较：与上方角膜缘切口相比,角膜散光在颞侧角膜缘切口组,术后１天和１周时明显减小,Ｐ〈０．０５,且视力在一     

高度近视白内障小切口超声乳化摘除术

目的：探讨经透明角膜隧道对高度近视白内障患者行超声乳化摘除术的可行性及手术技巧。方法：对２１６例高度近视合并白内障患者,经角膜缘隧道切口行超声乳化吸出,并植入软性或硬性人工晶体。对超声乳化能量、时间、负压及术后视力、散光及并发症进行观察。结果：采用较低能量、中度真空压力及中低档流速行超声乳化吸出,术后视力≥０．８者１４３例,≥０．５者４９例。术前近视力≥０．８者,术后远视力常较佳。术前及术后散光３．０ｍｍ切口组无统计学差异,５．５ｍｍ切口组有统计学差异。未见明显严重并发症。结论：透明角膜超声乳化联合软性或硬性人工晶体植入,是高度近视白内障较理想的手术方式。     

两种巩膜隧道切口超声乳化白内障吸除手术的疗效比较

目的 研究新型“L”形不缝合巩膜隧道切口超声乳化白内障吸附人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效。方法 将68例（68只眼）老年性白内障患者分为两组,分别行“L”形巩膜隧道切口（34只眼）和3．2mm巩膜隧道切口（34只眼）超声乳化白内障吸除术,并分别植入光学部直径6mm的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯硬性及丙烯酸酯聚合物折叠式人工晶状体。随访视力、角膜曲率和角膜地形图的改变。结果 术后1d至3个月两组视力、手术性角膜散光度数及轴向变化比较,差异均无显著意义（P＞0．05）;两组术后角膜地形图与术前比较无明显改变。结论“L”形巩膜隧道切口超声乳化白内障吸除术与3．2mm巩膜隧道切口手术的疗效基本相同,而且操作简便、安全、手术费用低廉,值得临床推广使用。     

无缝线切口二期后房型人工晶状体植入术疗效观察

目的评价无缝线切口二期后房型人工晶状体植入术的疗效。方法对 ２２眼无晶状体眼患者分别采用３．５ ｍｍ（Ａ组 １０眼）及 ５．５ ｍｍ（Ｂ组 １２眼）的反眉状巩膜隧道切口，二期植入 ６ ｍｍ折叠式丙烯酸脂类及一体式 ＰＭＭＡ后房型人工晶状体，并与同期 １２眼６ ｍｍ常规角膜缘切口（Ｃ组），二期 ６ ｍｍ一体式 ＰＭＭＡ后房型人工晶状体植人对比。结果随访 ３～１５个月，无缝线切口组术后矫正视力均优于及等于术前最佳矫正视力，其中≥０．５者 Ａ组 ９眼（９０％），Ｂ组 ９眼（７５％）。缝线切口组，术后矫正视力优于及等于术前最佳矫正视力１０眼（８３． ５％）， ≥０．５者７眼（５８．３％）。结论采用无缝线切口二期后房型人工晶状体植人可明显降低角膜散光，减轻术后炎症反应及增加手术的安全性，是矫正无晶状体眼屈光不正的一种较理想的方法。     

无缝线切口人工晶体植入术

报告弦长５．５ｍｍ无缝线切口植入直径６．０ｍｍＰＭＭＡ人工晶体５０只眼的切口建造方法、自身关闭程度及术后手术性角膜散光的结果。患者年龄范围为８￣７２岁。对其中１３只眼行一期植入，３７只眼为二期植入术。该组患者中１９只眼无晶体眼既往有穿通伤和１￣３次手术史，１５只眼无晶体眼为老年性白内障摘除术后，１４只眼为先天性白内障，其他２只眼。手术切口包括巩膜外切口，弦长５．５ｍｍ；巩膜隧道分离；辨状角膜内切口     

不同切角巩膜隧道切口对白内障术后角膜散光影响研究

目的 比较与评价不同切角巩膜隧道切口对白内障术后角膜散光的影响.方法 设定从巩膜反眉状隧道切口的顶点作一条切线,该切线与术前角膜散光轴形成的夹角,称之为切角将131例(135只眼)白内障分为3组,每组45只眼,A组采用0°切角;B组采用45°切角;C组采用90°切角.手术方式均采用小切口无缝线白内障摘除术,巩膜反眉状6mm隧道切口,植入光学部直径为5.5mm的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)硬性人工晶状体.随访术后1周、1月、3月裸眼视力及角膜散光数值.结果 术后3月裸眼视力A、B组与C组间差别有统计学意义(P＜0.01).术后各时间段A组角膜散光度均小于B、C二组,术后1周角膜散光度与术前比较,A组无统计学意义,B、C二组有统计学意义,术后3月角膜散光度与术前比较,A、B组无统计学意义,C组有统计学意义;A、B、C三组在术后3个月平均角膜散光度的变化差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 对于采用小切口无缝线白内障摘除术,根据术前散光轴位选择0°切角,有利于减小术后角膜散光,获得更好的裸眼视力.     

Clinical Observation of 126 Cases of Sutureless Phacoemulsification with PMMA Intraocular Lens Implantation

Objective: To observe the safety and effect of sutureless phacoemulsification with PMMAintraocular lens (IOL) implantation.Methods: One-hundred and twenty-six cases (126 eyes) of suturelessphacoemulsification with PMMA intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were retrospectedand evaluated. The surgeries were performed through a limbal tunnel incision. PMMAIOLs with 5. 5mm or 6. Omm in diameter were implanted.Results: The follow-up was 3 ~ 20 months. Visual acuity of 0. 5 or better was obtained in120 cases (95. 2% ), and that of 1. 0 or better was obtained in 89 cases (70. 6% ) .Intra-operative complications included posterior capsule rupture in 9 cases (7. 1% ) andiris injury in 7 cases(5. 6% ). Postoperative complications included early corneal edemain 96 cases(76. 2% ), transient intraocular pressure elevation in 5 cases(4. 3% ),remnant of cortex in 1 case and leakage of incision in 1 case. All were properly managedwith good results.Conclusion: Sutureless phacoemulsification with PMMA IOL implantation is     

表面麻醉颞侧位超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术

目的:探讨并总结表面麻醉颞侧位超声乳化技术及5.5mm无缝线遂道切口人工晶状体植入术的方法和经验。方法:总计植入5.5mmPMMA人工晶状体采用无缝线隧道切口的白内障患者529例(568眼),植入折叠式人工晶状体患者51例(51眼)。前者核硬度为I和II级者248眼,III级296眼,IV级24眼。后者核硬者为I和II级者30眼,III级21眼,颞侧位超声乳化碎核,能量设定为50%~70%,有效超声时间10~88(平均46)s。结果:术后第1d视力≥0.5者分别为75%和76%,术后1mo裸眼或矫正视力≥0.5者分别为87%和84%,平均散光分别为0.25±0.38D和0.58±0.62D,两组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。全部病例均无需缝线,96%的表麻颞侧位超声乳化成功,手术主要并发症是后囊破裂和虹膜色素脱失。结论:表麻颞侧位超声乳化白内障吸除术及5.5mm无缝线隧道切口的人工晶状体植入术与折叠术人工晶状体一样,具有手术时间短,无需缝线,视力恢复快等优点,而价格相对便宜,特别是对不宜在原位手术的患者是一种安全有效的手术方式,故值得推广。     

Fourier analysis of irregular astigmatism after implantation of 3 types of intraocular lenses

PURPOSE: To evaluate irregular astigmatism after silicone, acrylic, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) intraocular lens (IOL) implantation using Fourier analysis of videokeratography data. METHODS: Two hundred forty eyes having phacoemulsification and IOL implantation were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: 3.5 mm incision and silicone IOL, 4.1 mm incision and acrylic IOL, or 6.5 mm incision and PMMA IOL. All eyes had videokeratographic examinations preoperatively and 2, 4, and 10 days and 1 and 3 months postoperatively. The dioptric data of the central cornea were decomposed into spherical equivalent, regular astigmatism, and irregular astigmatism (decentration and higher-order irregularity) components using Fourier analysis. RESULTS: Regular astigmatism in the PMMA group was greater than in the silicone and acrylic groups. Decentration in all 3 groups increased significantly postoperatively but virtually returned to preoperative levels by 10 days. No significant difference was observed among the 3 groups. Higher-order irregularity significantly increased after surgery in all 3 groups. The higher-order irregularity in the PMMA group persisted for up to 1 month, while that in the silicone and acrylic groups returned to preoperative levels by 4 days, resulting in significant differences between these groups 10 days and 1 month after IOL implantation. CONCLUSION: Irregular astigmatism, both the decentration and higher-order irregularity components, increased significantly after 3 types of scleral tunnel incisions for silicone, acrylic, or PMMA IOL implantation but returned to preoperative levels soon after surgery except for the higher order irregularity after PMMA IOL implantation.     

微小巩膜隧道瓣的白内障超声乳化联合小梁切除术

目的:探讨微小巩膜隧道瓣白内障超声乳化联合小梁切除术的可行性。方法:对青光眼合并白内障49例52眼行2.8mm巩膜隧道瓣切口的白内障超声乳化联合巩膜隧道内的小梁切除术。结果:术后52眼眼压控制满意,术后1wk;1,3,6mo眼压平均值分别为:(8.24±3.61)mmHg,(13.22±4.12)mmHg,(12.11±4.23)mmHg,(12.59±4.26)mmHg。取本组术后半年平均眼压与行5.5mm巩膜隧道瓣白内障超声乳化、植入一片式硬性PMMA人工晶状体并联合小梁切除术的56眼术后半年平均眼压(13.27±3.84)mmHg进行对比分析无统计学意义(t=1.7536,P=0.08239)。26眼手术前后随访1a,视网膜神经纤维层厚度变化无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后裸眼视力达到或超过0.8者占62%。结论:该术式切口小,无需做巩膜瓣,切口无需缝合,并避免滤过过畅,减少术后散光发生,迅速恢复术后视力,术后反应轻,减少术后并发症。     

Postoperative astigmatism and rotational stability after artisan toric phakic intraocular lens implantation

PURPOSE: To evaluate deviations in the axis (intended versus achieved) and postoperative astigmatism after implantation of an Artisan toric phakic intraocular lens (IOL). SETTING: University Eye Hospital, Mainz, Germany. METHODS: This prospective study comprised 29 eyes with high ametropia and astigmatism. All eyes had uneventful implantation of a toric phakic IOL through a superior scleral tunnel incision at 12 o'clock. After a minimum of 6 months, the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best correct visual acuity, refraction, and astigmatism were analyzed in all eyes. A multivariate analysis of postoperative astigmatism was performed. RESULTS: After a follow-up of at least 6 months, 95% of eyes were within +/-1.00 diopter (D) of emmetropia and 85% of eyes has a UCVA of 20/30 or better. The difference between the mean intended cylinder axis and achieved cylinder axis was 3.9 degrees (median 3 degrees; range to 13 degrees). The difference between the mean intended axis and the achieved axis between miosis and mydriasis was 1.8 degrees (median 1.5 degrees; range 0 to 5 degrees). The mean postoperative astigmatism after 6 months was 0.56 D with an axis of 31 degrees. Doubled-angle scatterplot analysis showed a tendency toward more flattening in the vertical meridian. CONCLUSIONS: During the 6-month follow-up, no significant rotation was observed after implantation of Artisan toric phakic IOLs to correct high ametropia. A sutureless sclerocorneal superior approach for phakic IOL insertion resulted in moderate to low astigmatism. Induced astigmatism should be taken into consideration during preoperative planning.