绝经前乳腺癌术后辅助治疗对月经的影响

目的探讨乳腺癌术后辅助治疗对月经的影响。方法回顾性分析2014年9月至2015年2月在我院乳腺外科门诊随诊的216例绝经前乳腺癌患者资料。探讨不同的术后辅助治疗(仅接受化疗、仅接受他莫昔芬治疗、化疗联合他莫昔芬治疗)对月经状态的影响,并对接受术后辅助化疗患者出现化疗诱导闭经的相关因素进行探讨。结果术后接受辅助化疗的患者中超过半数(58.3%)出现闭经;仅接受他莫昔芬治疗的患者极少(3.6%)出现闭经,但近半数(43.9%)出现月经不规律;化疗诱导闭经的发生与年龄、化疗方案及是否同时接受他莫昔芬内分泌治疗有关(P0.05),年龄40岁、蒽环为主的化疗方案及接受他莫昔芬治疗均增加化疗诱导闭经的发生率(P0.05);月经能否恢复与年龄有关(P0.05),年龄40岁增加化疗诱导长期性闭经的发生率(P0.05),而与化疗方案、是否接受他莫昔芬治疗无关(P0.05);短暂性闭经患者月经恢复时间平均为(8.0±2.5)个月,超过12.9月者几乎不再恢复月经。结论术后辅助化疗可能导致闭经,年龄越大、蒽环为主化疗及同时接受他莫昔芬治疗者越容易发生;仅接受他莫昔芬内分泌治疗患者极少出现闭经。     

绝经前雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者三苯氧胺辅助治疗的临床价值

三苯氧胺 (ｔａｍｏｘｉｆｅｎ ,ＴＡＭ)是最常用的一线乳腺癌内分泌治疗药物。临床大量应用于绝经后雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者。文献报道绝经前雌激素受体 (ｅｓｔｒｏｇｅｎｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ ,ＥＲ)阳性乳腺癌患者单用ＴＡＭ辅助治疗可进一步提高患者的无瘤生存率 (ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ ｆｒｅｅｓｕｒｖｉｖａｌ,ＤＦＳ)或总生存率 (ｏｖｅｒａｌｌｓｕｒ ｖｉｖａｌ,ＯＳ) ,但在绝经前ＥＲ阳性乳腺癌患者ＴＡＭ能否进一步提高ＣＭＦ辅助化疗的疗效一直存在争议[1] ,我们回顾性分析了从 1990年 1月至 1999年 12月我院 40 2例绝经前ＥＲ阳性乳…     

绝经前后妇女慢性肾盂肾炎的临床特征和中医治疗体会

慢性肾盂肾炎是由非特异性致病细菌侵入一侧或两侧肾脏所引起的慢性感染性疾病。本病多发于女性,对于绝经期前后,特别是绝经后妇女此病发生率更高,且有其一定的临床特点。本文就30例绝经期前后妇女慢性肾盂肾炎和27例青年对照组进行对比,以探讨绝经期前后妇女慢性肾盂肾炎的临床特点和中医治疗经验。     

三阴性乳腺癌的临床病理特征及治疗进展

三阴性乳腺癌是乳腺癌的一种特殊类型,具有独特的临床病理特征,缺乏内分泌治疗及靶向治疗相应的靶点,对放疗和化疗敏感,但复发率高,治疗效果较差。本研究对近几年来三阴性乳腺癌的临床病理特征及治疗方面的研究进展进行综述。     

卵巢去除在绝经前和围绝经期乳腺癌的辅助治疗

介绍在绝经前、围绝经期乳腺癌辅助治疗中卵巢去除的作用和方法。     

绝经后乳腺癌术前新辅助治疗临床应用

目的探讨绝经后乳腺癌新辅助治疗(包括术前内分泌治疗和新辅助化疗)的临床疗效及其临床意义。方法 76例经空芯针穿刺活检或病理组织学确诊的绝经后乳腺癌患者,术前激素受体阳性的予以内分泌治疗,受体阴性的予以新辅助化疗(TAC方案)。内分泌组21例,来曲唑2.5 mgqd。TAC组5 5例(紫杉醇1 5 0 mg/m2,表柔比星6 0 mg/m2,CTX 5 0 0 mg/m2,静脉滴入d1)。2～4个周期后观察肿瘤、腋窝淋巴结的变化。结果术前内分泌治疗后达到临床部分缓解(PR)10例,有效率4 7.6 2%;新辅助化疗后临床完全缓解(CR)4例,PR 3 6例,共4 0例有效,有效率为7 2.7 3%。内分泌治疗组疾病进展(PD)11例,占52.38%;腋窝淋巴结肿大者16例,PR 7例,有效率43.75%。新辅助化疗组疾病进展15例,占27.27%;腋窝淋巴结肿大者42例,临床CR 4例,PR 20例,有效率57.14%。结论绝经后新辅助治疗可有效缩小肿瘤原发病灶和腋窝淋巴结,降低肿瘤分期,增加保乳手术或手术切除的机会。     

年龄与三阴性乳腺癌临床病理特征及预后的关系

背景与目的 年龄与乳腺癌的发病、肿瘤生物学行为及预后密切相关,是临床决策的重要参考因素。不同年龄反映了患者的不同生理状态,由于三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）缺失激素受体属于激素非依赖性,年龄是否影响该类患者的诊疗决策和预后有待研究。本研究旨在探讨诊断年龄与TNBC患者临床病理特征、治疗策略及预后的关系。方法 从美国SEER数据库中提取2010—2016年经病理诊断为I~III期的TNBC患者的病例资料,根据患者乳腺癌的诊断年龄将病例划分为18~39岁、40~49岁、50~59岁、60~69岁及≥70岁5组,比较各年龄组间的临床病理特征及治疗差异,采用多因素Cox比例风险模型分析年龄与患者的乳腺癌特异生存（BCSS）的关系并计算风险比（HR）和95%置信区间（CI）。结果 30 576例TNBC纳入分析,中位年龄57岁（IQR：48~67岁）,其中18~39岁3 007例（9.83%）、40~49岁6 071例（19.86%）、50~59岁8 097例（26.48%）、60~69岁7 176例（23.47%）和≥70岁6 225例（20.36%）。各年龄组患者间的诊断年份、种族、婚姻状态、肿瘤TNM分期、病理类型、组织学分级、手术治疗及是否放化疗的分布差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。随着诊断年龄的增加,肿瘤T分期和N分期呈现降低,组织学分级更好,治疗保乳率更高而化疗率更低。中位随访32个月（IQR：15~54个月）,乳腺癌相关死亡3 482例（11.39%）,各年龄段患者间的BCSS率差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。单因素Cox比例风险模型分析结果显示,患者的诊断年龄、种族、婚姻状态、肿瘤T分期、淋巴结分期、肿瘤TNM分期、病理类型、组织学分级、手术治疗及放疗与BCSS明显有关（均P<0.05）,化疗与BCSS无明显关系（P=0.284）。多因素Cox模型的校正分析结果显示,18~39岁（HR=1.00,95% CI=0.88~1.13,P=0.990）、40~49岁（HR=0.95,95% CI=0.85~1.06,P=0.330）和50~59岁（HR=1.03,95% CI=0.93~1.14,P=0.597）患者的BCSS与60~69岁患者比较差异无统计学意义,而年龄≥70岁患者的BCSS较60~69岁患者差（HR=1.56,95% CI=1.41~1.74,P<0.001）。在不同诊断年份、TNM分期、手术方式和放化疗状态的亚组人群中,年龄与BCSS的关系基本相似。结论 TNBC患者的诊断年龄与预后存在相关性,高龄（≥70岁）是患者的不良预后因素,而18~69岁患者的预后基本相似。     

卵巢去除在绝经前和围绝经期乳腺癌的辅助治疗(编译)

介绍在绝经前、围绝经期乳腺癌辅助治疗中卵巢去除的作用和方法。     

乳腺癌新辅助治疗病理完全缓解影响因素及预后分析

目的 分析乳腺癌新辅助治疗病理完全缓解（pCR）的影响因素,并探讨pCR对预后的意义。方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2014年12月北京大学第一医院乳腺疾病中心接受新辅助治疗的324例女性乳腺癌病例资料,分析临床病理信息及预后随访数据,探讨pCR的预测因素及其对预后的意义。结果 新辅助治疗pCR率为21.9%;不同分子分型pCR率差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）,其中Luminal B［人类表皮生长因子受体（HER2）阳性］型、HER2过表达型、三阴型更易获得pCR,pCR率分别为30.6%、37.5%、32.4%;pCR对于不同分子分型预后的意义存在差异,HER2过表达型［无病存活率（DFS）：P=0.048;总存活率（OS）：P=0.050］及三阴型乳腺癌（DFS：P=0.040;OS：P=0.045）pCR预后优于非pCR。治疗前肿瘤孕激素受体（OR=0.297,95%CI=0.167～0.530,P＜0.001）、HER2（OR=2.351,95%CI=1.340～4.125,P=0.003）、Ki67表达（OR=6.870,95%CI=0.885～53.303,P=0.065）是pCR的独立影响因素。结论 治疗前肿瘤孕激素受体和HER2表达状态、Ki67表达水平是pCR的独立影响因素;pCR可作为HER2过表达型和三阴型乳腺癌远期预后的预测指标之一。     

56例乳腺癌临床病理分析与治疗的关系

乳腺癌是妇女常见的恶性肿瘤，临床治疗不断有新的认识出现，近年来，在激素受体治疗方案对预后的判断有一定的进展，该组通过56例乳腺癌诊断，探讨与扩散转移的关系，从中寻找转移的规律。     

Angiosarcoma of the breast following breast preservation therapy and local radiation therapy for breast cancer

Abstract: This is a case of angiosarcoma following breast preservation therapy and local radiation therapy over a 3-year period.     

Molecular breast cancer subtypes in premenopausal and postmenopausal African-American women: age-specific prevalence and survival

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is currently regarded as a heterogeneous disease classified into various molecular subtypes using gene expression analysis. These molecular subtypes include: basal cell-like, Her-2/neu, luminal A, and luminal B. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence and clinicopathologic associations for molecular breast cancer subtypes in premenopausal and postmenopausal African-American women. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of all African-American women diagnosed with breast cancer from 1998 to 2005, who had assessable data for ER, PR, and Her-2/neu status. Molecular subtype classification was done based on immunohistochemical surrogates for ER, PR, and Her-2/neu status obtained from Howard University tumor registry for each patient. The molecular subtypes were defined as: luminal A (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2-), luminal B (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2+), basal-like (ER-, PR-, HER2-), and Her-2/neu (ER-, PR-, and HER2+). OUTCOME MEASURES: We analyzed the prevalence of molecular breast cancer subtypes in a population of African-American women and determined their associations with patient demographics and clinicopathologic variables: node status, tumor size, histological grade, p53 mutation status, and breast cancer-specific survival. RESULTS: The luminal A subtype was the most prevalent in our study sample (55.4%) compared with (11.8%) luminal B, (21.2%) basal cell-like, and (11.6%) Her-2/neu subtypes. The molecular subtypes did not differ by menopausal status. However, when stratified into age-specific groups, the basal cell-like subtype (57.1%) was the most prevalent in the age group <35 y compared with luminal A, luminal B, and Her-2/neu subtypes at 25.0%, 14.3%, and 3.6%, respectively. The basal cell-like subtype also showed an age-specific bimodal distribution with a peak in the <35 y and 51 to 65 y age groups. The basal cell-like and the Her-2/neu subtypes showed an increased association with clinicopathologic variables portending a more aggressive clinical course when compared with luminal A subtype. A paradoxical inverse relationship between the expression of p53 and Bcl-2 protooncoprotein was noted in the molecular subtypes. Breast cancer-specific survival differed significantly among the molecular subtypes (P < 0.04), with the basal cell-like and Her-2/neu subtypes having the poorest outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of the basal cell-like subtype in the young premenopausal African-American women aged <35 y could be a contributory factor to the poorer prognosis of breast cancer observed in this cohort of patients.     

老年乳腺癌的临床病理特点和预后的特点

目的探讨老年乳腺癌的临床病理和预后特点。方法收集2003年1月至2012年12月73例接受住院治疗Ⅰ～ⅢA期≥65岁乳腺癌患者的资料,分析临床病理特征、预后特点。结果73例患者中65～69岁有42例,≥70岁有31例。≥70岁患者伴有合并症的比率较65～69岁患者的高(72.4%vs 42.6%,P=0.009),≥70岁患者ER/PR阳性的比率较65～69岁患者的高(80.6%vs57.1%,P=0.045),≥70岁患者未接受辅助化疗的比率较65～69岁患者的高(58.1 vs 26.2%,P=0.045)。中位随访85个月,无病生存率为82.2%,总生存率86.3%。单因素分析发现乳腺癌的无病生存与肿瘤大小(P=0.020)、淋巴结转移(P=0.010)相关,总生存与HER2状态(P=0.001)相关;多因素分析发现老年乳腺癌的预后与年龄(P=0.644)、合并症(P=0.314)、肿瘤大小(P=0.363)、淋巴结状态(P=0.387)、ER/PR(P=0.250)、HER2(P=0.579)、手术方式(P=0.666)、辅助化疗(P=0.787)、放疗(P=0.107)、内分泌治疗(P=0.340)无明显关系。单因素分析和多因素分析均发现年龄、合并症、ER/PR、手术方式、辅助化疗、放疗、内分泌治疗均与DFS和OS无明显相关。结论随着年龄的增长,老年乳腺癌患者ER/PR阳性比率增加,伴有内科合并症多,应全面综合评估患者的耐受性和获益程度选择治疗方式。     

青年人食管癌临床病理特征及预后

目的 探讨青年人与中老年人食管癌的临床病理特征及预后的差异.方法 回顾性分析1990年1月至1998年12月间在中山大学肿瘤防治中心接受手术治疗的716例食管鳞状细胞癌患者的临床资料,对其中117例45岁以下 （青年组）和599例大于45岁（中老年组）患者的临床病理特征及预后进行对比分析.结果 除肿瘤分期外,青年组与中老年组临床病理特征的差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）.青年组Ⅲ期患者所占比例为47.9％（56/117）,明显高于中老年组的33.6％（201/599,P=0.010）.但青年组与中老年组患者的预后差异并无统计学意义（5年生存率：36.0％比33.8％,10年生存率：29.2％比25.0％,P=0.418）.多因素预后分析显示,患者年龄不是食管癌的独立预后因素 （P=0.160,RR=1.187,95％CI：0.935～1.506）.结论 尽管青年人食管癌的病理分期较晚,但其预后与中老年人并无明显差异.     

Bone marrow micrometastases and adjuvant treatment of breast cancer

The immunohistochemical detection of epithelially derived cells in the bone marrow of patients with primary breast cancer has been shown to be associated with increased risk of distant relapse as well as higher rates of cancer-related death. Despite the correlation between bone marrow micrometastases and poor outcome in breast cancer patients, bone marrow status does not yet have an established role in patient management. In this prospective study, adjuvant therapy recommendations for 43 patients with stage I, II, or III breast cancer treated with lumpectomy or mastectomy, sentinel lymph node biopsy and/or axillary dissection, and intraoperative bone marrow aspiration were recorded. Recommendations were made by a multidisciplinary tumor board both blinded and unblinded to the results of the bone marrow aspiration. In our study, 10 of the 43 breast cancer patients were found to have bone marrow micrometastases. Four of these patients (40%) had axillary lymph node metastases. When blinded to the results of the bone marrow aspiration, the tumor board recommended adjuvant chemotherapy for these four node-positive patients, as well as two node-negative patients. When unblinded to the results of the bone marrow aspiration, the tumor board did not change its recommendations for any of these six patients. The remaining four node-negative, bone marrow-positive patients were not advised to have adjuvant chemotherapy by the tumor board when blinded to bone marrow status. However, once the tumor board was informed of the presence of bone marrow micrometastases, adjuvant chemotherapy was recommended for all of these patients. The results of this pilot study indicate that the presence of bone marrow micrometastases in breast cancer patients with stage I, II, or III disease does influence recommendations for adjuvant chemotherapy, particularly in patients with node-negative disease.     

The role of ovarian ablation in the management of breast cancer

Abstract: In recent years the role of ovarian ablation as a therapeutic modality not only in the prevention but also in the treatment of breast cancer has reemerged after its initial use more than a century ago. BRCA‐1 and BRCA‐2 mutation carriers have an 85% lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. Bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy is effective in reducing the risk of developing breast cancer in both BRCA‐1 and BRCA‐2 mutation carriers by 50%. Tamoxifen reduces the risk of breast cancer in BRCA‐2 mutation carriers, but not in BRCA‐1 mutation carriers. Breast cancer arising in BRCA‐1 mutation carriers is often estrogen receptor (ER) negative, unlike breast cancer developing in BRCA‐2 mutation carriers. Sixty percent of premenopausal patients with breast cancer have ER‐positive disease and 25% of breast cancer patients are premenopausal at diagnosis. The Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group review has shown ovarian ablation to be an effective adjuvant therapy for premenopausal breast cancer patients less than 50 years of age. But the Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ overview also shows the benefit of ovarian ablation is uncertain if these patients also receive chemotherapy. Does the overview underestimate the efficacy of ovarian ablation? Some patients in these trials were ER negative. Most women less than 50 years of age who receive adjuvant chemotherapy become menopausal. So there is a need to test ovarian function suppression in the group who can benefit, or in other words, those that remain premenopausal after chemotherapy and have endocrine responsive breast cancer.     

乳腺癌患者内分泌治疗的服药依从性研究

目的 了解术后辅助内分泌治疗乳腺癌患者服药依从性现状,分析其相关危险因素.方法 选取在上海市某三级医院被确诊乳腺癌并需要接受术后辅助内分泌治疗的274例患者,通过门诊电子病历系统,回顾性分析2006～2012年所有内分泌医嘱记录,计算药物占有比(MPR).采用Logistic回归分析治疗第1年服药依从性不良的危险因素.结果 274例乳腺癌患者术后辅助内分泌治疗期间第1～5年的总体MPR平均值分别为91％、84％、85％、83％和71％;在治疗第1年,未化疗患者以及服用他莫昔芬的患者发生服药依从性不良的风险更高.结论 乳腺癌患者术后辅助内分泌治疗期间,治疗第5年总体服药依从性不良.在内分泌治疗的第1年,需要重点关注服用他莫昔芬以及未化疗的乳腺癌患者.