川芎嗪对糖尿病大鼠视网膜组织型纤溶酶原激活物含量的影响

目的探讨糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)的发病机制及川芎嗪治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的机制.方法将SD大鼠随机分成正常对照组、糖尿病组和糖尿病川芎嗪治疗组.后两组大鼠一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱发糖尿病模型,于第30天和第90天测定各组大鼠视网膜组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tissue-type plasminogen activator,TPA)的含量.结果糖尿病组大鼠视网膜TPA含量高于正常对照组.治疗组大鼠视网膜TPA含量低于糖尿病组.结论DR的发生与视网膜TPA含量升高有关,川芎嗪可通过降低糖尿病大鼠视网膜TPA含量防治DR的发生.     

糖尿病肾病动物模型及中医药治疗特点

目的：总结糖尿病肾病动物模型,探索中医药对糖尿病肾病的治疗特点。方法：归纳糖尿病肾病动物模型的造模方法、模型特点及造模成功后表现,筛选与临床接近的中医糖尿病肾病动物模型;分析代表性中药活性成分、中药、中成药及复方治疗糖尿病肾病的作用,探讨中医药治疗糖尿病肾病的特点。结果：现有糖尿病肾病模型多为西医模型,缺少与临床接近的中医糖尿病肾病模型;药理和临床研究表明中医药对糖尿病肾病有疗效。结论：现有糖尿病肾病模型存在不足,中医药对糖尿病肾病早期症状疗效显著。     

加味金匮肾气丸对糖尿病大鼠脑海马CA，区nNOS表达的影响

目的：探讨加味金匮肾气丸对糖尿病大鼠脑海马CA,区nNOS表达的影响。方法：腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）制作糖尿病大鼠模型,造模后以免疫组化法观察加味金匮肾气丸对大鼠脑海马CA。区神经元nNOS表达的影响。结果：加味金匮肾气九治疗组比糖尿病大鼠nNOS表达增加（P〈0．05）。结论：加味金匮肾气丸可以有效防治糖尿病大鼠海马CA。区神经元退行性变化。     

筋痹通胶囊治疗糖尿病足的临床研究

糖尿病足是糖尿病患者致残的主要原因,随着糖尿病发病率的增加,糖尿病足的发病率也随之增加,因而我们应提高对糖尿病足的认识,减少糖尿病足的发生,近年来采用中西医结合的方法治疗糖尿病足收到满意疗效。     

荧光素眼底血管造影在糖尿病视网膜病变诊断中的应用

荧光素眼底血管造影在糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)诊断中的应用包括对非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的早期诊断,认识增殖前期病变,判断是否进入增殖期以及应用对糖尿病黄斑病变进行诊断与分型等.在糖尿病视网膜病变的诊治过程中,合理进行荧光素眼底血管造影检查将会提高对病变的认识和诊治水平.     

从“脾失健运”论治糖尿病便秘浅析

根据中医理论,结合分析49例糖尿病便秘患者的临床表现认为,脾失健运是糖尿病便秘发病的基础与病机关键,临床上胃肠积热型和阴虚火旺型便秘糖尿病便秘患者非常少见,糖尿病便秘的各种证型均是在脾失健运基础上发展而来,应该以此为指导思想治疗糖尿病便秘。     

糖尿病足的中医研究进展

糖尿病足是糖尿病病人常见的慢性并发症之一。一旦患上糖尿病足,将给病人经济上带来巨大负担,身心上造成极大痛苦,甚至因此而截肢,严重影响病人的生活质量。因此,如何促进糖尿病足愈合,降低截肢率是当前人们研究的重点,而中医药在治疗糖尿病足方面具有较大优势。为探索中医药在糖尿病足中的治疗作用,本文就近几年来对糖尿病足的中医研究进展及治疗情况作一总结,综述如下。     

2型糖尿病足舌诊客观化特征研究＊

目的 探讨舌象与2型糖尿病足的关系，为中医药防治2型糖尿病足提供新思路。方法 采用前瞻性研究方法，共纳入2糖尿病患者180例，其中2型糖尿病患者60例，2型糖尿病足患者120例。对舌象资料进行客观化判定，对比2型糖尿病与2型糖尿病足的舌象特征，建立预报糖尿病足发生舌象的回归模型。结果 2型糖尿病足患者红舌、青紫舌的出现率比糖尿病患者组高，但红舌、白苔和滑苔的出现率比糖尿病组低（P < 0.05）。Logistic回归模型提示青紫舌、黄苔、腻苔、裂痕舌、齿痕舌均是2型糖尿病足发生的正相关影响因素，紫舌出现时2型糖尿病足的概率是红舌的12.53倍；黄苔和腻苔时糖尿病足的概率分别是正常舌苔时的4.069和4.617倍；裂纹舌和齿痕舌时2型糖尿病足发生的概率是正常舌的5.723和3.776倍。结论 舌诊客观化在判断2型糖尿病足及预测2型糖尿病足方面有一定的诊断价值和规律性。     

糖肾清Ⅰ号对糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用的实验研究

[目的]探讨糖肾清I号对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏的保护作用。[方法]将四氧嘧啶所诱导的清洁级Wistar糖尿病肾病大鼠36只,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、糖尿病肾病未干预组(B组)和糖尿病肾病糖肾清Ⅰ号干预组(C组),每组各12只。糖尿病肾病模型成功后开始给予糖肾清Ⅰ号药物干预,8周后收集24h尿液及血标本,处死大鼠后,取肾组织行光镜、电镜、免疫组织化学及分子生物学检查。[结果]糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)基因及蛋白水平表达明显增加,尿蛋白增加,肌酐清除率上升;糖肾清Ⅰ号使尿蛋白减少(P<0.01),肌酐清除率降低(P<0.01),TGF-β1基因及蛋白水平表达明显下降,病理学检查显示糖肾清Ⅰ号使糖尿病肾小球硬化减轻。[结论]糖肾清Ⅰ号通过部分抑制TGF-β1的活性而对糖尿病肾脏损害起到保护作用。     

Antihyperglycemic effect of the fruit-pulp of Eugenia jambolana in experimental diabetes mellitus

The oral antihyperglycemic effect of the water and ethanolic extracts of the fruit-pulp of Eugenia jambolana (EJ) was investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic with fasting blood glucose between 120 and 250 mg/dl as well as severely diabetic rabbits (fasting blood glucose above 250 mg/dl). Water extract was found to be more effective than the ethanolic extract in reducing fasting blood glucose and improving blood glucose in glucose tolerance test. Chromatographic purification of the water extract yielded not only two hypoglycaemic fractions (F-III more active than F-IV) but indicated the presence of hyperglycemic compounds (F-I and F-II) also in the water extract of Eugenia jambolana fruits. When administered as a single dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight; F-III could reduce fasting blood glucose from 174.0 +/- 4.6 to 137.3 +/- 5.4 mg/dl in diabetic (21% fall) and from 266.0 +/- 5.4 to 202.2 +/- 5.2 mg/dl in severely diabetic rabbits (24% fall). After treatment of diabetic and severely diabetic rabbits daily once with 25mg/kg, body weight with F-III for 7 and 15 days, respectively, there was fall in fasting blood glucose (38% diabetic; 48% severely diabetic) and improvement in blood glucose during glucose tolerance test (48%) in diabetic rabbits. Further, there was increase in the plasma insulin levels in both diabetic (24.4%) and severely diabetic rabbits (26.3%). The in vitro studies with pancreatic islets showed that the insulin release was nearly two and half times more than that in untreated diabetic rabbits. The mechanism of action of FIII fraction appears to be both pancreatic by stimulating release of insulin and extra pancreatic by directly acting on the tissues.     

糖尿病肾病中医药诊治进展

糖尿病肾病是糖尿病患者的主要微血管病变之一,亦是导致终末期肾脏病的重要原因之一。中医药诊治糖尿病肾病有多种理论学说,从不同角度阐释了糖尿病肾病的病机,其中大部分医家认为气阴两虚,肾络瘀阻为主要病因病机。文章将糖尿病肾病中医药诊治进展进行了总结。     

抗炎与免疫调节在糖尿病肾病治疗中的地位

糖尿病肾病发病受多方面因素影响,越来越多的证据表明炎症在糖尿病肾病的发生发展过程中起着关键作用。本文就炎症在糖尿病肾病发病中的作用、抗炎与免疫调节治疗的进展及中医药疗法的概况作一介绍。     

Anti-diabetic potentials of Momordica charantia and Andrographis paniculata and their effects on estrous cyclicity of alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Momordica charantia and Andrographis paniculata are the commonly used herbs by the diabetic patients in Pampanga, Philippines. While the anti-diabetic potential of Momordica charantia is well established in streptozocin- or alloxan-induced diabetic animals, the anti-diabetic potential of Andrographis paniculata in alloxan-induced diabetic rat is not known. Neither the effects of these herbs on estrous cyclicity of alloxan-induced diabetic rats are elucidated. Thus, in these experiments, Momordica charantia fruit juice or Andrographis paniculata decoction was orally administered to alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Rats that were treated with Momordica charantia and Andrographis paniculata had higher body weight (BW) compared with diabetic positive control (P < 0.01) from day 22 to day 27 (D27) but exhibited lower BW than the non-diabetic control (P < 0.05). These rats had lower feed (P < 0.05) and liquid intakes (P < 0.01) compared with diabetic positive control from day 17 to D27, but similar with the non-diabetic control. The blood glucose levels in these groups were significantly reduced from day 12 to D27 compared with diabetic positive control (P < 0.01), however, comparable with non-diabetic control. The diabetic positive control had extended mean estrous cycles (8 days) compared to Momordica charantia and Andrographis paniculata-treated diabetic rats (5 days; P < 0.05). Our results suggest that the anti-diabetic potentials of Momordica charantia and Andrographis paniculata could restore impaired estrous cycle in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.     

β-隐黄质对糖尿病大鼠骨质影响的研究

目的:研究β-隐黄质对小剂量多次腹腔注射链脲佐菌素所致糖尿病大鼠骨质的影响。方法:用链脲佐菌素以30 mg/kg注射Wister雄性大鼠6周,建立糖尿病模型;测定并比较正常对照组、糖尿病模型组、β-隐黄质组和胰岛素治疗组的骨常规参数。结果:糖尿病模型组骨密度、骨结构力学参数、生物力学参数、骨矿物质及羟脯氨酸含量均比正常对照组有显著降低(P<0.01),而骨磷含量、骨和血清碱性磷酸转移酶均比正常对照组显著升高(P<0.01);β-隐黄质组在上述参数指标方面均与糖尿病模型组呈现显著性差异(P<0.01),与胰岛素治疗组呈现相同作用趋势,但效果不如后者。结论:长期摄入β-隐黄质可减少小剂量多次腹腔注射链脲佐菌素大鼠糖尿病的发病率,进而影响糖尿病大鼠骨质变化的发生。     

参芪降糖颗粒通过多层次互作网络治疗糖尿病微循环障碍作用机制研究

目的基于网络药理学方法研究参芪降糖颗粒治疗糖尿病微循环障碍的潜在分子机制。方法通过GeneCards数据库查询糖尿病肾脏病、糖尿病视网膜病变、糖尿病神经病变、糖尿病足病和糖尿病合并脑小血管病的疾病靶点,整合为糖尿病微循环障碍疾病靶点。借助PubChemSearch和Swisstargetprediction在线工具得到参芪降糖颗粒药效成分治疗糖尿病微循环障碍的作用靶标,利用Cytoscape 3.3.0软件构建参芪降糖颗粒化学成分-糖尿病微循环障碍作用靶标网络,通过STRING数据库构建靶蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络,利用Clue GO插件进行GO分析和KEGG通路富集分析。结果从参芪降糖颗粒中共筛选出85个化学成分,以及10个与糖尿病微循环障碍相关的作用靶点,分别为ACE、VEGFA、TNF、IL6、STAT3、ALB、PON1、PTPN22、PPARG、NOS3。经GO和KEGG通路富集分析,发现参芪降糖颗粒治疗糖尿病微循环障碍可能参与HIF-1信号通路、胰岛素抵抗、AGE-RAGE信号通路、炎症性肠病、类风湿性关节炎、肥厚性心肌病信号通路等多条信号通路。结论参芪降糖颗粒治疗糖尿病微循环障碍具有多成分-多靶点-多途径的作用特点,为进一步拓展参芪降糖颗粒的临床应用提供了借鉴和参考。     

益气养阴方加马齿苋对糖尿病大鼠海马CA1区神经元一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的探讨益气养阴方加马齿苋对糖尿病大鼠海马CA1区神经元一氧化氮合酶（NOS）表述的影响。方法腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）制作糖尿病大鼠模型，于造模后1月末以NADPH-d酶组化法观察益气养阴方加马齿苋对大鼠海马CA1区神经元NOS表达的影响。结果益气养阴方加马齿苋防治组大鼠比糖尿病组大鼠NOS表达增加（P〈0．05）。结论益气养阴方加马齿苋可以有效防治糖尿病大鼠海马CA1区神经元退行性变化。     

复方黄连降糖片对2型糖尿病模型大鼠肝脏低密度脂蛋白受体基因表达的影响

目的:探讨复方黄连降糖片治疗2型糖尿病高脂血症的作用机制。方法:对链脲佐菌素注射加高脂饮食诱导的2型糖尿病模型大鼠,给予复方黄连降糖片治疗,共8周。酶法测定血脂四项的浓度,RT-PCR法测定大鼠肝脏LDLRmRNA的表达及Western blot法检测肝脏LDLR蛋白的表达。结果:治疗8周时,复方黄连降糖片治疗组糖尿病大鼠的血清TC、TG和LDL-C浓度明显下降,肝脏LDLRmRNA水平比未治疗组有所升高,其蛋白表达明显高于未治疗组(中剂量组P<0.01,大剂量组P<0.05)。结论:复方黄连降糖片可增强2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏LDLR的基因表达,其防治糖尿病高脂血症的作用可能与增加LDLR的基因表达有关。     

黄芪对糖尿病大鼠心肌MDA及SOD,GSH-PX,Na+ - k+ ATP酶活性的影响

目的 观察黄芪对糖尿病大鼠心肌组织MDA含量及SOD,GSH,Na^＋-k^＋ -ATP酶活性的影响。方法 用链脲佐菌素腹腔注射制备糖尿病大鼠模型。正常大鼠、糖尿病大鼠及用黄芪注射液治疗8周的糖尿病大鼠各8只,测定心肌组织丙二醛（MDA）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）、Na^＋-k^＋-ATP酶活性。结果 黄芪能显著降低糖尿病大鼠心肌组织MDA含量,并能提高心肌组织SOD,GSH-PX及Na＋-k＋ATP酶活性。结论 黄芪对糖尿病大鼠心肌脂质过氧化反应具有抑制作用。 基     

糖尿病肾脏病病机理论创新与辨证治疗方案研究述评

针对糖尿病肾脏病核心病机,重点阐释糖尿病肾脏病"络脉瘀阻""毒损肾络""微型癥瘕""风邪伏络"等创新性理论,综览当代医家有关糖尿病肾脏病辨证方法及其规范化治疗方案研究成果,展示中医药分期辨证治疗糖尿病肾脏病优势.同时,针对糖尿病肾脏病病机理论与辨证规范研究领域存在的问题,提出应该重视古今文献与名老中医经验数据挖掘,重视...     

Chronic treatment of silymarin improves hyperalgesia and motor nerve conduction velocity in diabetic neuropathic rat

The effect of chronic silymarin (SM) treatment on hyperalgesia, sciatic motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)‐diabetic neuropathic rat was evaluated. Rats were divided into control, diabetic, SM‐treated control and diabetic, and sodium salisylate (SS)‐treated control and diabetic. SM was administered daily at a dose of 100 mg/kg for two months. Finally, hyperalgesia and sciatic MNCV and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Diabetic rats showed a significant deficit in MNCV and markedly exhibited chemical and thermal hyperalgesia, indicating development of diabetic neuropathy. Antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) level significantly reduced and malondialdehyde (MDA) level significantly increased in diabetic rats compared to control rats; SM treatment significantly ameliorated the alteration in MNCV, hyperalgesia, MDA level and antioxidant enzyme SOD in diabetic rats. These results clearly suggest the potential effect of SM in prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.