Large heterotopic gastric mucosa and a concomitant diverticulum in the rectum:Clinical experience and endoscopic management

Heterotopic gastric mucosa(HGM) in the rectum is an extremely rare clinical entity which may be missed or misdiagnosed due to a lack of knowledge.In the present study,a 14-year-old girl visited our hospital due to a 5-year history of repeated hematochezia.Colonoscopy showed a solitary superficial depressed lesion approximately 5 cm in size and a concomitant 1.5 cm deep diverticulum in the rectum.Histological examination of the endoscopic biopsy showed typical ectopic gastric mucosa in the depressed lesion and inside the diverticulum.Narrow band imaging further confirmed the histological results.Endoscopic ultrasound indicated that the lesion originated from the mucosal layer,and partially involved the submucosal layer.Endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed in this patient due to the large size and shape of the lesion.No bleeding,perforation or other adverse events were observed.The presence of HGM in the diverticular cavity greatly increased the surgical difficulty.A literature review was also carried out in our study.     

食管上段胃黏膜异位症的临床、内镜及组织学特点

目的　探讨食管上段胃黏膜异位症（heterotopic gastric mucosa in upper esophagus,HGMUE）的临床、内镜和组织学特点。方法　2017年1—12月,在华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院内镜中心行常规胃镜检查,胃镜下发现食管上段胃黏膜异位斑的177例患者纳入研究,根据胃食管反流症状评分量表（GERD?Q）评分结果分成2组,即HGMUE组（GERD?Q<8分,n=101）和HGMUE合并胃食管反流病组（HGMUE+GERD组,GERD?Q≥8分,n=76）,对临床、内镜和病理资料进行汇总和分析。结果　177例HGMUE患者中,男111例（62.71%）、女66例（37.29%）,合并GERD 76例（42.94%）、未合并GERD 101例（57.06%）,持续清嗓的发生率最高［54.24%（96/177）］,其次为咽部异物感［48.59%（86/177）］和烧心、胸痛、消化不良、胃酸反流［48.59%（86/177）］。HGMUE组中,持续清嗓的发生率最高［42.57%（43/101）］,其次为咽部异物感［33.66%（34/101）］和烧心、胸痛、消化不良、胃酸反流［27.72%（28/101）］;HGMUE+GERD组中,烧心、胸痛、消化不良、胃酸反流的发生率最高［76.32%（58/76）］,其次为持续清嗓［69.74%（53/76）］和咽部异物感［68.42%（52/76）］。共检出177处食管上段胃黏膜异位斑,胃镜下通常表现为橘红色圆形、椭圆形或长条形的岛状病灶,大多数较平坦、少数稍凸出周边平面,单发132例（74.58%）、2处病灶38例（21.47%）、3处及3处以上病灶7例（3.95%）,小病灶（最大直径<0.5 cm）37处（20.90%）、中等大小病灶（最大直径在0.5～1.0 cm）74处（41.81%）、较大病灶（最大直径>1.0 cm）66处（37.29%）。有30例［16.95%（30/177）］接受了活检组织学检查,胃底腺为主型15例［50.00%（15/30）］、幽门腺为主型8例［26.67%（8/30）］、混合型6例［20.00%（6/30）］、剩余1例［3.33%（1/30）］为鳞状上皮,20例［66.67%（20/30）］免疫组化H+/K+?ATP酶阳性、10例［33.33%（10/30）］免疫组化H+/K+-ATP酶阴性。结论　HGMUE多见于男性患者,可合并亦可不合并GERD,其中合并GERD者更易发生咽喉反流。内镜下胃黏膜异位斑多表现为橘红色圆形、椭圆形或长条形的岛状病灶,大多数较平坦,以单发为主,多为中等及较大病灶。组织学分型以胃底腺为主型,免疫组化H+/K+?ATP酶阳性多见,推测酸分泌可能是导致咽喉症状的重要因素。分 析 。 结 果 177 例 HGMUE 患 者 中 ,男 111 例（62.71%）、女 66 例（37.29%）,合 并 GERD 76 例 （42.94%）、未合并 GERD 101 例（57.06%）,持续嗓嗓的发生率最高［54.24%（96/177）］,其次为咽部异物感［48.59%（86/177）］和烧心、胸痛、消化不良、胃酸反流［48.59%（86/177）］。HGMUE 组中,持续清嗓的发生率最高［42.57%（43/101）］,其次为咽部异物感［33.66%（34/101）］和烧心、胸痛、消化不良、胃酸反流［27.72%（28/101）］HGMUE+GERD 组中,烧心、胸痛、消化不良、胃酸反流的发生率最高［76.32%（58/76）］,其次为持续清嗓［69.74%（53/76）］和咽部异物感［68.42%（52/76）］。共检出177处食管上段胃黏膜异位斑,胃镜下通常表现为橘红色圆形、椭圆形或长条形的岛状病灶,大多数较平坦、少数稍凸出周边平面,单发 132 例（74.58%）、2 处病灶 38 例（21.47%）、3 处及 3 处以上病灶 7 例 （3.95%）,小病灶（最大直径<0.5 cm）37 处（20.90%）、中等大小病灶（最大直径在 0.5～1.0 cm）74 处（41.81%）、较大病灶（最大直径>1.0 cm）66 处（37.29%）。有 30 例［16.95%（30/177）］接受了活检组织学检查,胃底腺为主型 15 例［50.00%（15/30）］、幽门腺为主型 8 例［26.67%（8/30）］、混合型 6 例 ［20.00%（6/30）］、剩余 1例［3.33%（1/30）］为鳞状上皮,20例［66.67%（20/30）］免疫组化 H+/K+-ATP 酶阳性、10例［33.33%（10/30）］免疫组化H+/K+-ATP酶阴性。结论 HGMUE多见于男性患者,可合并亦可不合并GERD,其中合并GERD者更易发生咽喉反流。内镜下胃黏膜异位斑多表现为橘红色圆形、椭圆形或长条形的岛状病灶,大多数较平坦,以单发为主,多为中等及较大病灶。组织学分型多为胃底腺为主型,免疫组化H+/K+-ATP酶阳性多见,推测酸分泌可能是导致咽喉症状的重要因素。 【关键词】 胃食管反流; 食管上段胃黏膜异位症; 咽喉反流; 酸分泌     

Ligation-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection of gastric heterotopic pancreas

Heterotopic pancreas is a congenital anomaly characterized by ectopic pancreatic tissue. Treatment of heterotopic pancreas may include expectant observation, endoscopic resection or surgery. The aim of this report was to describe the technique of ligationassisted endoscopic mucosal resection （EMR） for resection of heterotopic pancreas of the stomach. Two patients （both female, mean age 32 years） were referred for management of gastric subepithelial tumors. Endoscopic ultrasound in both disclosed small hypoechoic masses in the mucosa and submucosa. Band ligation-assisted EMR was performed in both cases without complications. Pathology from the resected tumors revealed heterotopic pancreas arising from the submucosa. Margins were free of pancreatic tissue. Ligation-assisted EMR is technically feasible and may be considered for the endoscopic management of heterotopic pancreas.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗十二指肠病变的临床疗效分析

目的评价内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗十二指肠病变的临床疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2019年5月在中南大学湘雅二医院消化内科行ESD治疗的45例十二指肠病变患者(共46个病变)的临床资料,对病变特点、整块切除率、完整切除率、手术并发症、术后病理和复发情况进行统计分析。结果45例患者中男20例、女25例,年龄(52.0±11.8)岁。46个病变中位于十二指肠球部31个(67.4%),降部12个(26.1%),球降交界部3个(6.5%)。病变直径(2.4±1.9)cm。病变起源于黏膜层14个(30.4%),黏膜下层29个(63.1%),固有肌层3个(6.5%)。术后病理:Brunner腺瘤11个(23.9%),神经内分泌肿瘤9个(19.6%),异位胰腺5个(10.9%),脂肪瘤5个(10.9%),其他16个(34.8%)。45例患者46个病变均顺利完成ESD,病变整块切除率100.0%(46/46),完整切除率为91.3%(42/46)。术中出血1例(2.2%),内镜下成功止血;迟发性穿孔1例(2.2%),行急诊外科手术治疗;电凝综合征1例(2.2%),内科保守治疗好转。术后2例患者追加外科手术治疗。患者平均住院时间6.2 d(2~21 d),无一例死亡。随访41例,平均随访时间30个月(1~78个月),随访期间1例(2.4%)复发。结论ESD治疗十二指肠病变安全、有效,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

Endoscopic diagnosis of cervical esophageal heterotopic gastric mucosa with conventional and narrow-band images

AIM:To compare the diagnostic yield of heterotopic gastric mucosa(HGM)in the cervical esophagus with conventional imaging(CI)and narrow-band imaging(NBI).METHODS:A prospective study with a total of 760patients receiving a CI examination(mean age 51.6years;47.8%male)and 760 patients undergoing NBI examination(mean age 51.2 years;45.9%male).The size of HGM was classified as small(1-5 mm),medium(6-10 mm),or large(>1 cm).A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain demographic characteristics,social habits,and symptoms likely to be related to cervical esophageal HGM,including throat symptoms(globus sensation,hoarseness,sore throat,and cough)and upper esophageal symptoms(dysphagia and odynophagia)at least 3 mo in duration.The clinicopathological classification of cervical esophageal HGM was performed using the proposal by von Rahden et al.RESULTS:Cervical esophageal HGM was found in 36of 760(4.7%)and 63 of 760(8.3%)patients in the CI and NBI groups,respectively(P=0.007).The NBI mode discovered significantly more small-sized HGM than CI(55%vs 17%;P<0.0001).For the 99 patients with cervical esophageal HGM,biopsies were performed in 56 patients;37(66%)had fundic-type gastric mucosa,and 19 had antral-type mucosa.For the clinicopathological classification,77 patients(78%)were classified as HGMⅠ(asymptomatic carriers);21 as HGMⅡ(symptomatic without morphologic changes);and one as HGMⅢ(symptomatic with morphologic change).No intraepithelial neoplasia or adenocarcinoma was found.CONCLUSION:NBI endoscopy detects more cervical esophageal HGM than CI does.Fundic-type gastric mucosa constitutes the most common histology.One-fifth of patients have throat or dysphagic symptoms.     

Future directions of duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection

Endoscopic therapies for lesions of the duodenum are technically more difficult than those for lesions of the other parts of the gastrointestinal tract due to the anatomical features of the duodenum, and the incidence rate of complications such as perforation and bleeding is also higher. These aforementioned trends were especially noticeable for the case of duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD). The indication for ESD of duodenal tumors should be determined by assessment of the histopathology, macroscopic morphology, and diameter of the tumors. The three types of candidate lesions for endoscopic therapy are adenoma, carcinoma, and neuroendocrine tumors. For applying endoscopic therapies to duodenal lesions, accurate preoperative histopathological diagnosis is necessary. The most important technical issue in duodenal ESD is the submucosal dissection process. In duodenal ESD, a short needle-type knife is suitable for the mucosal incision and submucosal dissection processes, and the Small-caliber-tip Transparent hood is an important tool. After endoscopic therapies, the wound should be closed by clipping in order to prevent complications such as secondary hemorrhage and delayed perforation. At present, the criteria for selection between ESD and EMR vary among institutions. The indications for ESD should be carefully considered. Duodenal ESD should have limitations, such as the need for its being performed by experts with abundant experience in performing the procedure.     

Prevalence,histologic and clinical characteristics of heterotopic gastric mucosa in Chinese patients

AIM: To determine the prevalence, demographic, clinical and histopathologic features of heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) in Chinese patients.METHODS: Patients referred to three endoscopy units were enrolled in this study. The macroscopic characteristics of HGM were documented. Biopsies were obtained and observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Helicobacter pylori colonization was examined by Whartin-Starry staining.RESULTS: HGM was observed in 420 Chinese patients, yielding a prevalence of 0.4%. The majority of patients had a single patch (300/420; 71.4%), while the remainder had two (84/420; 20%) or multiple patches (36/420; 8.6%). The size of the patches and the distance from the patch to the frontal incisor teeth varied significantly. The large majority of HGM patches were flat (393/420; 93.6%), whereas the remaining patches were slightly elevated. The primary histological characteristic was fundic-type (216/420; 51.4%) within the HGM patch, and antral- (43/420; 10.2%) and transitional-type (65/420; 15.5%) mucosa were also observed. The prevalence of intestinal metaplasia was 3.1% (13/420) and the prevalence of dysplasia was 1.4% (6/420), indicating the necessity for endoscopic follow-up in patients with HGM. Esophageal and extraesophageal complaints were also observed in patients with HGM. Dysphagia and epigastric discomfort (odds ratios: 6.836 and 115.826, respectively; Ps < 0.05) were independent risk factors for HGM.CONCLUSION: Clinical complaints should be considered to improve the detection rate of HMG. The prevalence of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia also indicates a need for endoscopic follow-up.     

Efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for non-ampullary duodenal polyps: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and aimsEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is commonly used to treat early-stage digestive cancer because it results in a higher frequency of en-bloc resection and a lower frequency of local recurrence. However, the efficacy and safety of duodenal ESD remain unclear. Therefore, present study is aimed at evaluating clinical outcomes of duodenal ESD.MethodsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of duodenal ESD, electronic databases (MEDLINE, CENTRAL and EMBASE) were searched by two independent reviewers. The authors were contacted for additional information. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of duodenal ESD.ResultsA total of 7 studies (203 patients) were included in the quantitative synthesis analysis. The pooled proportions of the frequencies of en-bloc resection, need for surgical intervention, bleeding, intraoperative perforation and delayed perforation were 87%, 4%, 2%, 15% and 2%, respectively. The quality of evidence regarding on surgical intervention outcomes was rated as moderate, whereas that of en-bloc resection was rated as low because of its marked inconsistency.ConclusionsDuodenal ESD produced acceptable outcomes in terms of the en-bloc R0 resection, but the incidence of procedure-related adverse events is high (PROSPERO register, CRD42017057110).     

Repeat endoscopic submucosal dissection for recurrent gastric cancers after endoscopic submucosal dissection

AIM: To clarify the safety and efficacy of repeat endoscopic submucosal dissection (re-ESD) for locally recurrent gastric cancers after ESD.METHODS: A retrospective evaluation was performed of the therapeutic efficacy, complications and follow-up results from ESD treatment for early gastric cancers in 521 consecutive patients with 616 lesions at St. Luke`s International Hospital between April 2004 and November 2012. In addition, tumor size, the size of resected specimens and the operation time were compared between re-ESD and initial ESD procedures. A flex knife was used as the primary surgical device and a hook knife was used in cases with severe fibrosis in the submucosal layer. Continuous variables were analyzed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test and are expressed as medians (range). Categorical variables were analyzed using a Fisher’s exact test and are reported as proportions. Statistical significance was defined as a P-value less than 0.05.RESULTS: The number of cases in the re-ESD group and the initial ESD group were 5 and 611, respectively. The median time interval from the initial ESD to re-ESD was 14 (range, 4-44 mo). En bloc resection with free lateral and vertical margins was successfully performed in all re-ESD cases without any complications. No local or distant recurrence was observed during the median follow-up period of 48 (range, 11-56 mo). Tumor size was not significantly different between the re-ESD group and the initial ESD group (median 22 mm vs 11 mm, P = 0.09), although the size of resected specimens was significantly larger in the re-ESD group (median 47 mm vs 34 mm, P < 0.05). There was a non-significant increase observed in re-ESD operation time compared to initial ESD (median 202 min vs 67 min, respectively, P = 0.06).CONCLUSION: Despite the low patient number and short follow-up, the results suggest that re-ESD is a safe and effective endoscopic treatment for recurrent gastric cancer after ESD.     

Low-grade dysplasia in an adenomatous polyp of the esophagus developing on pyloric-type heterotopic gastric mucosa treated with endoscopic mucosal resection: a case report

A 72-year-old woman with an unremarkable medical history underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in May 2002 because of dyspepsia. An examination showed a pedunculated polyp lesion in an inlet patch on the posterior wall of the esophagus, 20 cm distant from the incisors and measuring 1.5 cm. Forceps biopsies were obtained, and the pathological analysis showed a gastric-like mucosa with well-differentiated pyloric glands below an atrophic squamous epithelium; most of the glands were lined with atypical cells, compatible with low-grade dysplasia. Histological examination after endoscopic removal showed a low-grade dysplasia in an adenomatous polyp of the esophagus developing on pyloric-type heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM). Three years later, the patient remains well with no evidence of esophageal disease. We review 25 reported cases of adenocarcinoma and 3 cases of high-grade dysplasia arising in HGM.     

Dehiscence following successful endoscopic closure of gastric perforation during endoscopic submucosal dissection

Gastric perforation is one of the most serious complications that can occur during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). In terms of the treatment of such perforations, we previously reported that perforations immediately observed and successfully closed with endoclips during endoscopic resection could be managed conservatively. We now report the first case in our medical facility of a gastric perforation during ESD that was ineffectively treated conservatively even after successful endoscopic closure. In December 2006, we performed ESD on a recurrent early gastric cancer in an 81-year-old man with a medical history of laparotomy for cholelithiasis. A perforation occurred during ESD that was immediately observed and successfully closed with endoclips so that ESD could be continued resulting in an en-bloc resection. Intensive conservative management was conducted following ESD, however, an endoscopic examination five days after ESD revealed dehiscence of the perforation requiring an emergency laparotomy.     

Extraintestinal heterotopic gastric tissue simulating acute appendicitis

We describe the case of a 68-year-old otherwise healthy male who presented to our emergency room with signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis. Exploratory surgery revealed a normal appendix. Further examination revealed an enlarged lymph node-like mass of tissue near the appendix, in the ileocecal mesentery. This mass was removed and was found to be inflamed heterotopic gastric tissue. Although reports of heterotopic gastric tissue in the literature are common, we believe that this case represents the first report of inflamed heterotopic gastric tissue simulating appendicitis.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗早期胃癌40例临床分析

目的比较内镜黏膜下剥离术与外科手术治疗早期胃癌的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年4月到2015年3月,在我院接受治疗的80例早期胃癌患者的临床资料,根据治疗方式的不同分为ESD组和外科手术组。对两组患者的病灶切除率、手术时间、住院时间、医疗费用、以及术后并发症等进行比较。结果ESD组和外科手术组,病灶治愈性切除率均为100%,两组比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。ESD组与外科手术组比较,平均手术时间缩短(89.3vs 215.4 min,P＜0.05),平均住院时间缩短(10.5 vs 22.5 d,P＜0.05),平均医疗费用减少(1.79 vs 5.93万元,P＜0.05)。ESD组术后并发胃食管反流1例,感染1例(肺部感染),狭窄1例,出血1例,总发生率10.0%(4/40)；外科手术组术后并发胃食管反流7例,感染5例(肺部感染1例,创口感染4例),狭窄2例,出血6例,总发生率50.0%(20/40),术后并发症发生率明显高于ESD组。结论内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗早期胃癌疗效确切,而且具有手术和住院时间短,医疗费用少,术后并发症发生率低等特点。     

内镜分片黏膜切除术及黏膜下剥离术治疗十二指肠非壶腹部较大占位的临床观察

目的 评估内镜分片黏膜切除术（endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection,EPMR）及内镜黏膜下剥离术（endocopic submucosal dissection, ESD）治疗十二指肠非壶腹部较大占位性病变（直径≥10～15 mm）的疗效和安全性。方法 2013年2月至2018年8月,因十二指肠非壶腹部较大占位性病变,在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院消化分中心接受EPMR或ESD治疗的21例病例纳入回顾性分析,按治疗方式分成EPMR组（n=13）和ESD组（n=8）,主要总结各组的手术时间、手术的病理组织学评价和并发症发生情况等。结果 EPMR组13例病变均起源于黏膜层,内镜下病灶最大直径（22±12）mm,中位手术时间39.0（23.0,45.0）min,12例使用钛夹封闭创面,切除病理最大直径（26±15）mm,胃黏膜异位2例、低级别上皮内瘤变7例、高级别上皮内瘤变4例,水平切缘阳性5例（低级别上皮内瘤变）,2例发生并发症,其中1例围手术期菌血症经抗感染治疗后好转,1例为术中穿孔内镜下治疗不佳转外科急诊开腹行修补术。ESD组病变起源于黏膜层6例、黏膜下层2例,内镜下病灶最大直径（17±5）mm,中位手术时间47.5（34.0,68.0）min,8例均使用钛夹封闭创面,切除病理最大直径（20±7）mm,低级别上皮内瘤变3例、高级别上皮内瘤变3例、淋巴管瘤和囊肿各1例,8例水平切缘阴性,1例垂直切缘存在可疑低级别上皮内瘤变未能达到完全切除,3例发生并发症（围手术期出现穿孔）,其中1例行内镜下治疗后好转出院,1例内镜下治疗不佳转外科手术,1例来源于黏膜下层的病变较大（16 mm）行腹腔镜下十二指肠修补术。结论 对于十二指肠非壶腹部较大占位性病变（直径≥10～15 mm）,初步证实EPMR和ESD治疗均安全、有效,值得临床进一步研究。     

内镜下黏膜剥离术治疗消化道黏膜增生性病变88例分析

目的探讨内镜下黏膜剥离术(ESD)治疗消化道黏膜增生性病变的临床疗效。方法将宜兴市人民医院收治的消化道黏膜增生性病变患者88例,随机分成内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)组(44例)和ESD组(44例)。术后随访12个月,观察两组的临床疗效及穿孔、出血等并发症及复发情况。结果与EMR组比较,ESD组的手术时间明显增加,但一次性切除率明显升高(P0.05);术后6个月,ESD组切面愈合率显著高于EMR组(P0.05),ESD组术后12个月的复发率显著低于EMR组(P0.05)。结论与EMR相比,ESD治疗消化道黏膜增生性病变的一次性切除率和术后切面愈合率均较高,且术后12个月的复发率较低。     

Mallory-Weiss tear during gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection

A 78-year-old woman was referred to our department for treatment of an early gastric cancer. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) demonstrated a flat elevated lesion and a polypoid lesion on the greater curvature of the antrum. Histological analysis of, endoscopic biopsy samples taken from these lesions revealed an adenocarcinoma and a hyperplastic polyp, respectively. ESD was conducted for removal of the lesions. Carbon dioxide (CO2) in- stead of room air was used for insufflation, and the patient was adequately sedated without struggling or vomiting during the treatment. No significant bleeding from the lesion was observed during ESD, but fresh blood was identified endoscopically. Surprisingly, a Mallory- Weiss tear with active bleeding was detected on the lesser curvature of the gastric corpus. A total of eight hemoclips were applied for hemostasis. Both lesions were completely removed en bloc, and no bleeding or perforation developed after ESD. Histologically, the first lesion was apapillary carcinoma limited to the mucosal layer and without lymphovascular invasion or involvement of the surgical margins, while the second lesion was a benign hyperplastic polyp.     

食管高位胃黏膜异位与Barrett食管的对比研究

目的 探讨食管高位胃黏膜异位（HGM）与Barrett食管（BE）患者在症状、内镜下表现、组织病理学、Hp感染以及细胞角蛋白染色方面的差异。方法选择对2004年2月-2005年9月明确诊断的BE患者152例（BE组）、食管高位HGM患者52例（食管高位HGM组）,收集两组患者临床资料,总结各组患者的症状特点、各型黏膜的常规内镜下和放大内镜下特点;比较各型黏膜的组织病理学结果,快速尿酶法及Warthin—Starry银染检测病灶部位及胃窦部Hp感染情况,免疫组化法检测细胞角蛋白CK7、CK20、CK13及CK19的表达情况。结果BE组有反流症状者占64．5％（98／152）,显著高于食管高位HGM组的（13．5％,7／52）（X^2=40．36,P〈0．01）。放大内镜下BE黏膜小凹表现为点状46例、条纹状65例、绒毛状41例,而食管异位胃黏膜的小凹全表现为条纹状。组织病理学分型上,152例BE患者中属胃底型56例、交界型39例、特殊肠化型57例;而52例食管高位HGM患者中31例为胃底型、16例为交界型、5例为胃窦腺型,无一例发现有杯状细胞。BE黏膜中中、重度炎症细胞浸润所占比例为63．2％（96／152）,显著高于食管异位胃黏膜的28．8％（15／52）（P〈0．01）;而两组胃窦部中、重度炎症细胞浸润所占比例分别为44．7％（68／152）、51．9％（27／52）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。BE黏膜Hp检出率为32．2％（49／152）,BE组胃窦部黏膜Hp检出率为48．0％（73／152）;食管异位胃黏膜Hp检出率为44．2％（23／52）,食管高位HGM组胃窦部黏膜Hp检出率为40．4％（21／52）;两组Hp感染检出率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。细胞角蛋白免疫组化检测中,食管异位胃黏膜以及正常的食管鳞状上皮中无CK7的阳性表达,而BE黏膜的3种类型的上皮中均有表达;CK20和CK19在BE黏膜和食管异位胃黏膜中均有阳性表达;CK13     

Comparison of endoscopic submucosal dissection and surgical resection for treating gastric subepithelial tumours

Objective For subepithelial tumours (SETs) of the stomach, surgical resection is the gold standard treatment. With the recent advent of endoscopic resection techniques and devices, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been considered as an alternative treatment for SETs. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of ESD for treating gastric SETs compared with surgical resection. Methods Between January 2006 and September 2014, 55 patients with gastric SETs (13 gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), 27 leiomyomas, and 15 others) were treated by ESD and 27 patients (19 GISTs, two leiomyomas, and six others) underwent surgical resection. We retrospectively reviewed the therapeutic outcomes, procedure-related complications, post-procedure hospital stays, and medical costs of the two groups. Results The complete resection rate of the ESD group was lower than that of the surgery group (81.8% vs. 100%, p?=?0.026). Although the incidence of complications that occurred with ESD was higher than that associated with surgical resection, there were no significant between-group differences (12.5% vs. 3.7%, p?=?0.261), and all complicated cases were successfully treated without mortality. The ESD group had significantly shorter post-procedural hospital stays (median five days vs. eight days, p?=?0.034) and lower medical costs (median $2374 vs. $4954, p <0.001) than the surgery group. There were no recurrences in either group during the follow-up period. Conclusions ESD is an efficient treatment tool for gastric SETs in selected patients. Additionally, ESD has the advantages of shorter hospital stays and lower medical costs compared with surgery.     

Impact of endoscopic ultrasound for evaluation of submucosal lesions in gastrointestinal tract

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasound is widely used following endoscopy for evaluation of suspected submucosal lesions and may guide further management of patients. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A total of 181 consecutive patients with suspected submucosal lesion in the upper gastrointestinal tract were diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound between 1990-97. We evaluated: 1) the potential of endoscopic ultrasound criteria to predict histological type of submucosal lesions in 69 patients with available histology, 2) the ability of endoscopic ultrasound alone or with clinical presentation, to predict malignancy in 86 patients with available histology or follow-up of >12 months. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing 44 gastrointestinal stromal tumours were 95 and 72%, respectively, while 25 miscellaneous lesions were diagnosed correctly in only 56% by endoscopic ultrasound. Diagnosis of malignancy, using any two of three endoscopic ultrasound criteria (heterogeneous echotexture, size >3 cm, irregular margins) showed a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 77%, giving accurate endoscopic ultrasound diagnosis in 16/20 malignant and 51/66 benign submucosal lesion. Heterogeneous echotexture, size >3 cm, and irregular margins showed a relative risk of 7.2, 5.4 and 4.6, respectively, for presence of malignancy. The presence of symptoms, potentially suggesting malignancy (dysphagia, gastrointestinal bleeding, pain and weight loss), had a relative risk of 4.2, however this did not increase the accuracy of diagnosing malignancy based on endoscopic ultrasound criteria alone. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of endoultrasound is high in diagnosing gastrointestinal stromal tumours, which show a significant potential of malignancy. Endoscopic ultrasound morphology appears to be helpful in selection of patients for surgical or conservative treatment. The accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound in differential diagnosis of non-gastrointestinal stromal tumour lesions is limited.     

Outcome after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer in Korea

Endoscopic treatment,such as endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),has been established as one of the treatment options for selected cases with early gastric cancer(EGC).Most studies on this topic have been carried out by researchers in Japan.Recently,the experience in EMR/ESD for EGC outside Japan is increasingly reported.In Korea,gastric cancer is the most common malignant disease,and the second leading cause of cancer death.Currently,EMR for EGC is widely performed i...