各地来电——安国来电：

▲近期涨价品种有：五灵脂、白蒺藜、白豆蔻、蜈蚣、三棱、川断、北豆根、白薇、地龙、白头翁、莲须、川楝子、青翘、蜂房、鹅不食草、猪苓、蝉蜕、牛膝、生地、射干、黄精、水牛角、虻虫、青翘、地丁、鸡冠花、肉豆蔻、麦冬、旱半夏、祁木香、蜈蚣、瓜蒌、皂刺、荆芥、蒲黄、三七、何首乌、茜草、白及、羌活、南龙胆、合欢花。     

各地来电

安国来电：2月28日▲近期涨价品种有：家种北龙胆、牛黄、粉防己、干姜、生地、郁金、五灵脂、白疾藜、白豆蔻、三棱、川断、北豆根、白薇、地龙、白头翁、川楝子、青翘、蜂房、鹅不食草、猪苓、蝉蜕、牛膝、射干、黄精、水牛角、虻虫、地丁、鸡冠花、肉豆蔻、麦冬、旱半夏、祁木香、蜈蚣、瓜蒌、皂刺、荆芥、蒲黄、三七、何首乌、茜草、白及、羌活、南龙胆、合欢花。     

各地来电

近期涨价品种有：当归、枣仁、白术、益智仁、广山药、红花、川牛膝、山药、粉防己、槐角、王不留行、水根大黄、水半夏、赤芍、苍术、家种北龙胆、元胡、香附、干姜、远志、生地、郁金、五灵脂、白疾藜、三棱、川断、北豆根、地龙、白头翁、青翘、蝉蜕、鸡冠花、旱半夏、祁木香、蜈蚣、瓜萎仁、皂刺、全蝎、羌活、北龙胆。     

各地来电

近期涨价品种有：家种北龙胆、牛黄、粉防己、干姜、生地、郁金、五灵脂、白疾藜、白豆蔻、三棱、川断、北豆根、白薇、地龙、白头翁、川楝子、青翘、蜂房、鹅不食草、猪苓、蝉蜕、牛膝、射干、黄精、水牛角、虻虫、地丁、鸡冠花、肉豆蔻、麦冬、旱半夏、祁木香、蜈蚣、瓜蒌、皂刺、荆芥、蒲黄、三七、何首乌、茜草、白及、羌活、南龙胆、合欢花。     

《中国当代医药》来稿要求

栏目设置:论著、短篇论著、研究进展、实验研究、临床研究、药理与毒理、生物医药、药品鉴定、药物与临床、新药评价、麻醉与镇痛、医学检验、病理分析、影像与介入、中医中药、护理研究、医药教育、健康教育、个案报道、误诊误治、社区医疗、乡村卫生、不良反应监测、药物经济学、制剂与技术、制药装备、营养与保健、疾病防控、医疗器材、政策研究、法规与标准、产业研究、市场透视、卫生管理、医疗保障、药品监管、医院管理、企业管理、营销与服务、人力资源、财务管理、     

《中国当代医药》来稿要求

栏目设置：论著、短篇论著、研究进展、实验研究、临床研究、药理与毒理、生物医药、药品鉴定、药物与临床、新药评价、麻醉与镇痛、医学检验、病理分析、影像与介入、中医中药、护理研究、医药教育、健康教育、个案报道、误诊误治、社区医疗、乡村卫生、不良反应监测、药物经济学、制剂与技术、制药装备、营养与保健、疾病防控、医疗器材、政策研究、法规与标准、产业研究、市场透视、卫生管理、医疗保障、药品监管、医院管理、企业管理、营销与服务、人力资源、财务管理、科研管理、药事管理、设备管理、医药文化、医风医德、医药信息化、调查研究、工作探讨、医护论坛等栏目。     

《中国当代医药》来稿要求

栏目设置： 论著、短篇论著、研究进展、实验研究、临床研究、药理与毒理、生物医药、药品鉴定、药物与临床、新药评价、麻醉与镇痛、医学检验、病理分析、影像与介入、中医中药、护理研究、医药教育、健康教育、个案报道、误诊误治、社区医疗、乡村卫生、不良反应监测、药物经济学、制剂与技术、制药装备、营养与保健、疾病防控、医疗器材、政策研究、法规与标准、产业研究、市场透视、卫生管理、医疗保障、药品监管、医院管理、企业管理、营销与服务、人力资源、财务管理、科研管理、药事管理、设备管理、医药文化、医风医德、医药信息化、调查研究、工作探讨、医护论坛等栏目。     

《中国当代医药》来稿要求

栏目设置： 论著、短篇论著、研究进展、实验研究、临床研究、药理与毒理、生物医药、药品鉴定、药物与临床、新药评价、麻醉与镇痛、医学检验、病理分析、影像与介入、中医中药、护理研究、医药教育、健康教育、个案报道、误诊误治、社区医疗、乡村卫生、不良反应监测、药物经济学、制剂与技术、制药装备、营养与保健、疾病防控、医疗器材、政策研究、法规与标准、产业研究、市场透视、卫生管理、医疗保障、药品监管、医院管理、企业管理、营销与服务、人力资源、财务管理、科研管理、药事管理、设备管理、医药文化、医风医德、医药信息化、调查研究、工作探讨、医护论坛等栏目。     

《中国当代医药》来稿要求

栏目设置： 论著、短篇论著、研究进展、实验研究、临床研究、药理与毒理、生物医药、药品鉴定、药物与临床、新药评价、麻醉与镇痛、医学检验、病理分析、影像与介入、中医中药、护理研究、医药教育、健康教育、个案报道、误诊误治、社区医疗、乡村卫生、不良反应监测、药物经济学、制剂与技术、制药装备、营养与保健、疾病防控、医疗器材、政策研究、法规与标准、产业研究、市场透视、卫生管理、医疗保障、药品监管、医院管理、企业管理、营销与服务、人力资源、财务管理、科研管理、药事管理、设备管理、医药文化、医风医德、医药信息化、调查研究、工作探讨、医护论坛等栏目。     

《中国当代医药》来稿要求

栏目设置：论著、短篇论著、研究进展、实验研究、临床研究、药理与毒理、生物医药、药品鉴定、药物与临床、新药评价、麻醉与镇痛、医学检验、病理分析、影像与介入、中医中药、护理研究、医药教育、健康教育、个案报道、误诊误治、社区医疗、乡村卫生、不良反应监测、药物经济学、制剂与技术、制药装备、营养与保健、疾病防控、医疗器材、政策研究、法规与标准、产业研究、市场透视、卫生管理、医疗保障、药品监管、医院管理、企业管理、营销与服务、人力资源、财务管理、科研管理、药事管理、设备管理、医药文化、医风医德、医药信息化、调查研究、工作探讨、医护论坛等栏目。     

Third-generation antiepileptic drugs: mechanisms of action,pharmacokinetics and interactions

This review briefly summarizes the information on the molecular mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic profiles and drug interactions of novel (third-generation) antiepileptic drugs, including brivaracetam, carabersat, carisbamate, DP-valproic acid, eslicarbazepine, fluorofelbamate, fosphenytoin, ganaxolone, lacosamide, losigamone, pregabalin, remacemide, retigabine, rufinamide, safinamide, seletracetam, soretolide, stiripentol, talampanel, and valrocemide. These novel antiepileptic drugs undergo intensive clinical investigations to assess their efficacy and usefulness in the treatment of patients with refractory epilepsy.     

消风止痒颗粒中毛蕊花糖苷、焦地黄苯乙醇苷B1、升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷、苍术素醇、白术内酯Ⅱ和苍术素的HPLC法测定及其化学计量学综合评价

目的建立HPLC法同时测定消风止痒颗粒中毛蕊花糖苷、焦地黄苯乙醇苷B1、升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷、苍术素醇、白术内酯Ⅱ和苍术素,并采用化学计量学方法对检测结果进行综合评价。方法采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);以乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱;检测波长:330 nm(0~14 min检测毛蕊花糖苷和焦地黄苯乙醇苷B1)、254 nm(14~31 min检测升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷和亥茅酚苷)、270 nm(31~55 min检测苍术素醇、白术内酯Ⅱ和苍术素);体积流量0.9 mL/min;柱温25℃;进样量10μL。采用SPSS26.0统计软件对消风止痒颗粒中9种成分进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果毛蕊花糖苷、焦地黄苯乙醇苷B1、升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷、苍术素醇、白术内酯Ⅱ和苍术素分别在2.53~63.25、1.09~27.25、8.17~204.25、2.38~59.50、4.07~101.75、1.74~43.50、0.66~16.50、1.47~36.75、2.86~71.50μg/m L线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为99.01%、98.17%、100.13%、97.63%、98.72%、97.22%、96.93%、99.24%、100.01%,RSD值分别为1.42%、1.26%、0.72%、1.55%、0.84%、1.06%、1.18%、0.67%、0.95%;11批样品聚类分析为3类,主成分1~3是影响消风止痒颗粒质量评价的主要因子。结论该方法操作简便、重复性好,可作为消风止痒颗粒中多指标成分质量评价模式。     

Pediatric Obesity: Pharmacokinetic Alterations and Effects on Antimicrobial Dosing

Limited data exist for appropriate drug dosing in obese children. This comprehensive review summarizes pharmacokinetic (PK) alterations that occur with age and obesity, and these effects on antimicrobial dosing. A thorough comparison of different measures of body weight and specific antimicrobial agents including cefazolin, cefepime, ceftazidime, daptomycin, doripenem, gentamicin, linezolid, meropenem, piperacillin‐tazobactam, tobramycin, vancomycin, and voriconazole is presented. PubMed (1966–July 2015) and Cochrane Library searches were performed using these key terms: children, pharmacokinetic, obesity, overweight, body mass index, ideal body weight, lean body weight, body composition, and specific antimicrobial drugs. PK studies in obese children and, if necessary, data from adult studies were summarized. Knowledge of PK alterations stemming from physiologic changes that occur with age from the neonate to adolescent, as well as those that result from increased body fat, become an essential first step toward optimizing drug dosing in obese children. Excessive amounts of adipose tissue contribute significantly to body size, total body water content, and organ size and function that may modify drug distribution and clearance. PK studies that evaluated antimicrobial dosing primarily used total (or actual) body weight (TBW) for loading doses and TBW or adjusted body weight for maintenance doses, depending on the drugs’ properties and dosing units. PK studies in obese children are imperative to elucidate drug distribution, clearance, and, consequently, the dose required for effective therapy in these children. Future studies should evaluate the effects of both age and obesity on drug dosing because the incidence of obesity is increasing in pediatric patients.     

国内对头孢克肟的临床研究与评价

头孢克肟是第1种第3代口服头孢菌素类抗生素,由日本藤泽制药株式会社于1987年研制成功并首先在日本上市应用于临床,1989年在美国上市。1999年已在80多个国家得到广泛的临床使用。头孢克肟的制剂剂型的研究已发展有胶囊剂、颗粒剂、混悬剂、片剂(普通片剂、咀嚼片、分散片)等。笔者综述了国产头孢克肟与日本产头孢克肟在胶囊剂、颗粒剂、混悬剂、片剂(普通片剂、咀嚼片、分散片)等的药动学比较,以及头孢克肟与头孢泊肟、头孢克洛、头孢呋辛、头孢美他酯、头孢噻肟、头孢地尼、头孢特仑、头孢妥仑匹酯等体外抗菌活性及临床药效学比较。     

Neuroscience and Hormesis: Overview and General Findings

This article provides a summary of an assessment of the occurrence and impact of hormesis in the neurosciences, including the areas of neuroprotection, neurite outgrowth, and drugs for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, anxiety, pain, seizures, stroke, as well as in the areas of behavioral pharmacology, addictive drugs, stress biology including the Yerkes–Dodson law, and p-glycoprotein efflux activity. The findings indicate that the hormetic dose response has a common, if not dominant, presence in each of these diverse areas of neuroscience and further strengthens the conclusion that hormesis is highly generalizable, being independent of biological model, endpoint, and chemical class.     

Inductively coupled plasma and clinical biology. Toxicological applications

The multi-elementary quantitation method using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has been widely developed for use with biological fluids. Many elements can be quantified simultaneously in biological fluids, including: Li, Be, B, Al, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Pd, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, Ba, W, Pt, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, U. The validation procedure is described by the French Society of Clinical Biology. Results for urine are corrected after creatinine determination.We report applications in clinical toxicology and forensic toxicology. Advances in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the field of clinical biology are particularly important for toxicological analysis. This powerful tool is helpful for better patient care and for the search for cause of death.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定麻仁丸中大黄素、大黄酚、大黄酸、大黄素甲醚、芦荟大黄素的含量

目的建立麻仁丸中大黄素、大黄酚、大黄酸、大黄素甲醚、芦荟大黄素的含量测定方法。方法采用奥泰ALLTIMA-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以甲醇(A)-0.1%磷酸溶液(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱[0~9min,60%A;9~20 min,60%→80%A;20~45 min,80%A];流速:1.0 mL.min-1;柱温:30℃;检测波长254 nm。结果大黄素、大黄酸、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚、芦荟大黄素线性范围分别为在9.08~81.72、8.4~75.6、13.42~120.7、7.56~68.04、8.2~73.8μg.mL-1,与峰面积线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为99.1%、99.6%、99.4%、99.8%、99.2%,RSD分别为2.0%、1.8、3.2%、1.1%、1.5%。结论本方法可作为麻仁丸中大黄素、大黄酚、大黄酸、大黄素甲醚、芦荟大黄素含量测定的一种准确、灵敏、可行的方法。     

A Quantitative Exploration of Attitudes Out of Line with the Prevailing Norms Toward Alcohol,Tobacco, and Cannabis Use Among European Students

The study examines groups of 15–16-year-old students whose attitudes toward drug use are out of line with the prevailing norms. It analyzes data from eight countries from the 2003 European School Survey on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD): Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, France, Malta, Slovenia, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. In those countries, 22,900 15–16-year-old pupils answered the ESPAD questionnaire. Groups of subjects whose responses are far removed from the modal value are sought and studied. The aim is to explore “rare answers” compared to what is perceived by the majority of students. In order to explore what can lead a pupil to an atypical perception of risk, a cluster analysis, based on the risk perceptions of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use, was run to isolate the groups in which pupils tend to answer differently. Six clusters were established classifying students into those who failed to respond, deny the risks, do not know about the risks, see any drug use as great risk, see regular use as great risk, and who see a moderate risk for most frequencies of use. The nonresponders, risk deniers, and those ignorant of the risks are infrequent making up, in all, only 16.9% of the total sample. Gender, country, alcohol use, cannabis use, tobacco use, and friends’ consumption were used to describe both the individual risk perceptions and the clusters based on them. Both global context (country) and “micro” context (frequencies of drug use, peers lifestyle, and parental permissiveness) appear to play a major role in the risk perception of drug use.     

Self-injection of barbiturates and benzodiazepines in baboons

Self-injection of three barbiturates, six benzodiazepines, and chlorpromazine was examined in baboons. Intravenous injections of drug were dependent upon completion of 160 lever presses (a 160-response fixed-ratio schedule). A 3-h time-out period followed each injection, permitting a maximum of eight injections per day. Prior to testing each dose of drug, self-injection performance was established with cocaine. Subsequently, a test dose was substituted for cocaine. Amobarbital, pentobarbital, and secobarbital maintained the highest levels of self-injection, which were similar to those maintained by cocaine. Clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, flurazepam, medazepam, and midazolam maintained relatively modest levels of self-injection, while chlorpromazine maintained only low levels, which were in the range of vehicle control. Of the six benzodiazepines, midazolam produced the highest levels of self-injection. At the highest self-injected doses, the barbiturates produced anesthesia in contrast to the benzodiazepines, which produced only sedation. None of the drugs affected food intake except for chlorpromazine, which produced dose-related decreases. The differences among the drug classes (i.e., barbiturate, benzodiazepine, phenothiazine) with respect to the maintenance of self-injection correspond well with the results of previous animal and human drug self-administration studies.