中国香茅属生药RAPD分析及计算机模式识别

目的：对国产香茅属生药进行RAPD分析，并进行模式识别。方法：采用RAPD法对中国香茅属12种生药20份标本进行分析。并以其RAPD为基础进行了计算机模式识别，结果：20个标本从X主成份（X=5.5)被分为两大群，该主成份占总变异的51．0％，而Y主成份（占变异的32．50％）和X主成份共占变异的83．5％。结论：以DNA为分类鉴定标准并采用计算机模式识别技术是客观科学的。     

香茅中的新黄酮

香茅(Cymbopogon citratus)在热带被广泛地种植,它提供经济上重要的柠檬草油,同时也是一种用于许多方面的植物药,巴西民间用于治疗神经和胃肠疾病,非洲一些国家用香茅叶的芳香煎剂治疗发烧感冒,用根治牙痛,菲律宾也有类似应用。本文作者对至今还没引起重视的香茅中极性较强的成分进行了研究。叶子的含水甲醇提取物的TLC显示出许多黄酮素斑点。过去用TLC和ITV曾检出了香茅国的木犀     

香叶天竺葵挥发油的化学成分及抗瘤作用

用高分离效能的交联石英毛细管柱气相色谱法和气相色谱/质量选择检测器分离和鉴定了三种香叶油,并作了对比。结果表明这些香叶油的化学成分极为相似,但某些成分的含量却有明显差别。香茅醇、香叶醇、甲酸香茅酯和乙酸香茅酯均有一定的抗瘤活性。     

香茅叶的药理研究

香茅(Cymbopogon citratus(DC)Stapf)是古巴的一种药用植物,民间用作抗高血压、抗炎药物。在巴西用它治疗神经、胃肠道疾病。安哥拉、尼日利亚和印度用它治疗多种疾病。作者在本文介绍了香茅叶煎剂的降压、抗炎药理作用。香茅采集于古巴哈瓦那附近,采集时间为     

正红花油的质量标准研究

目的建立正红花油中挥发性成分(水杨酸甲酯、丁香油、桂叶油、香茅油)的质量控制标准。方法采用毛细管气相色谱法对制剂中香叶醇、丁香酚、桂皮醛、水杨酸甲酯、香茅醛和香茅醇进行定性鉴别,并用外标法测定制剂中水杨酸甲酯的含量。结果香叶醇、丁香酚、桂皮醛、水杨酸甲酯、香茅醛和香茅醇6种成分均达到良好分离,水杨酸甲酯在测定范围内线性良好,平均回收率为103.2%,RSD值为0.6%(n=6)。结论所建立的方法快速、稳定、可靠,可作为该制剂的质量控制标准。     

正红花油的质量标准研究

目的 建立正红花油中挥发性成分(水杨酸甲酯、丁香油、桂叶油、香茅油)的质量控制标准.方法 采用毛细管气相色谱法对制剂中香叶醇、丁香酚、桂皮醛、水杨酸甲酯、香茅醛和香茅醇进行定性鉴别,并用外标法测定制剂中水杨酸甲酯的含量.结果 香叶醇、丁香酚、桂皮醛、水杨酸甲酯、香茅醛和香茅醇6种成分均达到良好分离,水杨酸甲酯在测定范围...     

具有治疗作用的药茶

本品由粗茶叶、欧活血丹Glechoma heder-acea、蜿蜒香茅Cymbopogen flexuosus和香茅C.citratus混合而成。100份粗茶叶(如:老茶叶)配以2～20份的欧活血丹、蜿蜒香茅和香茅。该药茶具有多种治疗功能。它能降低血     

在有机介质和超临界CO2中酶促合成月桂酸香茅酯

短链羧酸酯和单萜醇类化合物在食品、化妆品和医药工业中十分重要。本试验在有机溶剂和超临界CO2中以脂肪酶催化β-香茅醇和月桂酸酯化合成月桂酸香茅酯。当以有机溶剂为介质时，常压下酶促酯化反应的最佳条件为：等摩尔的底物，60℃，搅拌速度500r／min，脂肪酶B[来源于南极假丝酵母（Candida antarctica）]加入量为底物的12％（w／w）。     

香茅草在不同物态下的抑菌活性研究进展

香茅草是禾本科香茅属芳香植物,其主要挥发成分为醛类、醇类和酯类,具有多种生物活性。近年其抑菌作用备受关注,本文综述了近年国内外应用研究,以固相、液相、气相3种应用物态分类归纳了其抑菌研究进展,以期为该植物在农业、食品、医疗等产业开发利用提供参考。     

抗胃肠癌的新靶

在动物和人类结肠癌组织中，首次发现有一种酶的水平增高，这种酶对结肠、直肠癌的发展可能有很重要的作用。加拿大研究者们指出，该酶可能成为新药治疗研究的新靶。这种酶，即N一豆宏酷基转移酶（NMT），能使细胞蛋白质转变为N一豆荡酷基化形式，它们以这种形式参与信号转导和肿瘤发生。人和大鼠结肠癌组织标本中，NMT的活性明显高于邻近正常组织，大鼠标本中该酶的活性增加高达10倍，结肠癌早期该酶的水平最高。著者称这表明了它在诊断与预后中的潜在价值（见NailCancerlust，199511－OI，163O页）。NMT的抑制剂可能成为新的治疗结…     

四川乌头属一新种和一新变种

目的 拓展新药源.方法 野外调查和采集.结果 对采自四川省会理县龙帚山的乌头属标本与其近缘种进行对比鉴别,认定1新种1新变种.结论 龙帚山乌头Aconitum longzhoushanense W.J.Zhang et G.H.Chen,sp.nov.为一个新种;长柄铁棒锤Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.vat.longipetiolatum W.J.Zhang et G.H.Chen,var.nov.为一个新变种.     

国产列当科肉苁蓉属的分类学研究

本文在详细回顾肉苁蓉属分类历史的基础上 ,对中国列当科肉苁蓉属进行了分类学研究 ,共记载 5种该属植物 ,并澄清了一些混淆的属的中文名称和错误鉴定。     

不同种质紫苏叶挥发性成分化学型研究

目的:分析不同种质紫苏叶挥发性成分的化学型,并探讨其种质、叶片颜色与化学型的关系。方法:采用气质联用技术(GC-MS),以P4峰为参照,绘制30批紫苏叶挥发性成分的指纹图谱,采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A版)》进行相似度评价,确定共有峰。采用同一GC-MS法测定紫苏叶挥发性成分;采用Qualitative Navigator(B.08.00)软件分析并与NIST 17标准质谱数据库进行检索比对,分析各色谱峰对应的化合物;采用Origin 2018软件进行聚类分析。结果:30批紫苏叶挥发性成分共有13个共有峰,相似度为0.13~1.00。从30批不同种质紫苏叶样品中共鉴定出54种成分;聚类分析结果显示,30批样品可聚为三大类,其中SCY-1、YNT-9、YNX-17、YN-28为一类,以榄香素(PP-e)为主要挥发性成分,为PP-e型;GS-4、GS-7、GS-11、GS-19、HBA-14、HBA-20、GZZ-8、LN-39、GSL-27、GSQ-32、GSQ-33、GST-31、YNW-12、LN-38为一类,除LN-38外均以紫苏酮(PK)含量最高,为PK型[LN-38中芹菜脑(PP-a)含量高于紫苏酮,为PP-a型];HBS-2、HBS-3、HBS-6、HBS-15、HBS-16、HBS-24、HBS-25、GX-26、SXS-30、SCC-36、RB-37、SC-29为一类,以紫苏醛(PA)含量较高,为PA型;不同种质紫苏叶颜色特征结果显示,叶片颜色两面绿的白苏均为PK型,而叶片单面或两面紫的紫苏大多为PA型,耳齿紫苏多为PP-e型。结论:紫苏叶挥发性成分化学型与其叶片颜色之间存在一定的对应关系,叶片单面或两面紫的紫苏叶大多为PA型;叶片颜色为两面绿的野生紫苏、耳齿紫苏、白苏均不属于PA型,其中白苏均为PK型;耳齿紫苏多为PP-e型。     

Comparison of phenolic compounds of rhubarbs in the section deserticola with Rheum palmatum by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn

A sophisticated LC-ESI-MS (n) method was utilized for the analysis of the phenolic compounds in five unofficial RHEUM species for the first time. These species belong to the section deserticola Maxim. of the Polygonaceae family, including Rheum racemiferum Maxim., R. nanum Siev. ex Pall., R. delavayi Franch., R. sublanceolatum C. Y. Cheng et T. C. Kao and R. pumilum Maxim. A total of 101 phenolic compounds, including sennosides, anthraquinones, stilbenes, glucose gallates, naphthalenes, procyanidins and chromones were identified or tentatively characterized based on their UV and mass spectral data from the methanol extracts. These chemical constituents were compared with those of an official species ( R. palmatum l.). The results showed that most sennosides and procyanidin derivatives were only present in R. palmatum rather than in the unofficial species; stilbenes and chromones were only found in the sect. deserticola species; while anthraquinones, glucose gallates and naphthalenes could be detected in all studied species. For anthraquinone glycosides, only emodin O-glucosides were detected in the sect. deserticola species. Moreover, remarkable difference was observed among unofficial species. These results may be useful for the quality control of rhubarb in order to guarantee its clinical effects, and may also be helpful for the further clarification of the taxonomic relationship of the plants in the sect. deserticola.     

地肤子与藜的药效及毒性比较

报道了地肤子与藜的抗菌、清炎及利尿等药理作用的比较研究实验。结果表明，地肤子对浅部真菌有效，对巴豆油致耳肿有较强的抑制作用，对大白鼠有较弱的利尿作用，藜对残部真菌无效，有较弱的抗炎作用，但无利尿作用。     

16种国产紫珠叶的扫描电镜观察与鉴别

用扫描电镜技术对国产16种紫珠叶表面的各种细微结构特征进行比较观察,根据实验结果制定出供鉴别的检索表。本研究证明扫描电镜对叶类生药鉴定有较大实用价值     

Molecular design and control of functional expression of ate complexes

As a new type of zincate, "highly coordinated" zincates, Me3Zn(R)Li2 (R = Me, CN, SCN) were designed. On the basis of their excellent chemical yields and chemoselectivities, these species were considered to be differentiated from ordinary triorganozincates, R3ZnLi. The structures of the newly designed zincates were discussed on their spectroscopic studies. All results strongly support the fact that these newly designed zincates are new category of zincate species. Various dialkylzinc hydride "ate" complexes were also designed and the reactivities of these zincates toward the carbonyl compounds investigated. The results clearly reveal that dimethylzinc hydrides are the most powerful and selective zincate for the reduction of the carbonyl group.     

国产甘草的生药形态组织学研究

本文报道了六种国产甘草生药形态组织的比较研究结果,它们是:乌拉尔甘草Glycyrrhiza nralensis Fisch.,胀果甘草G.inflata Bat.,光果甘草G.glabra L.,黄甘草G.eurycarpa P.Q.Li,粗毛甘草G.aspera Pall.和云南甘草G.yunnanensis Cheng f.et L.K.Tai ex P.C.Li的根茎和根。文中附有生药组织图3幅和上述六种生药的分种检索表。     

沙参属沙参组18种植物根的组织学研究

为了澄清沙参类生药的混乱,并为生药鉴定提供科学依据,作者等对沙参属Adenophora 30种药用植物根的组织构造进行了研究,并对其组织分类学进行了初步探讨。本文报道沙参属沙参组Sect.Microdiscus 18种药用植物根的组织学比较研究结果,并对本属植物的组织分类学进行初步探讨。     

In vitro metabolism of methylene chloride in human and animal tissues: use in physiologically based pharmacokinetic models

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) models describe the dynamic behavior of chemicals and their metabolites in individual tissues of living animals. Because PB-PK models contain specific parameters related to the physiological and biochemical properties of different species as well as the physical chemical characteristics of individual chemicals, they are useful tools for performing high dose/low dose, dose route, and interspecies extrapolations in hazard evaluations. An example of such extrapolation has been presented by M. E. Andersen, H. J. Clewell III, M. L. Gargas, F. A. Smith, and R. H. Reitz (Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 87, 185-205, 1987), who employed a PB-PK model for methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) to estimate the chronic toxicity of this material. However, one limitation of this PB-PK model was that the metabolic rate constants for the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pathway in humans were estimated by allometric scaling rather than from experimental data. In this paper we report studies designed to estimate the in vivo rates of metabolism of CH2Cl2 from in vitro incubations of lung and liver tissues from B6C3F1 mice, F344 rats, Syrian Golden hamsters, and humans. A procedure for calculating in vivo metabolic rate constants from the in vitro studies is presented. This procedure was validated by making extrapolations with mixed function oxidase enzymes (MFO) acting on CH2Cl2, where both in vitro and in vivo rates of metabolism are known. The in vitro rate constants for the two enzyme systems are consistent with the hypothesis presented by Andersen et al. that metabolism of CH2Cl2 occurs in vivo by two competing pathways: a high-affinity saturable pathway (identified as MFO) and a low-affinity first-order pathway (identified as GST). The metabolic rate constants for GST obtained from these studies are also consistent with the hypothesis of Andersen et al. that production of large quantities of glutathione/CH2Cl2 conjugates in vivo may increase the frequency with which lung and liver tumors develop in some species of animals (e.g., B6C3F1 mouse). When in vivo studies in humans are unavailable, in vitro enzyme assays provide a reasonable method for estimating metabolic rate constants.