Eujavanicols A-C, decalin derivatives from Eupenicillium javanicum

Three new decalin derivatives, eujavanicols A-C (1-3), were isolated from an extract of Eupenicillium javanicum IFM 54704. Their structures were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods.     

New decalin derivatives, eujavanoic acids A and B, from Eupenicillium javanicum

Two new decalin derivatives, eujavanoic acids A (1) and B (2), were isolated from Eupenicillium javanicum, along with several compactin derivatives. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by spectroscopic methods and modified Mosher's method. The side chain (2-methylbutanoyloxy) and acid functionalities of compactin derivatives were necessary to show the antifungal activity.     

Mycophenolic acid derivatives from cultures of the mushroom Laetiporus sulphureu

AIM： To investigate the chemical constituents of the cultures ofLaetiporus sulphureus （Bull.） Murrill. METHOD： Compounds were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques. The structure of the new compound was determined by interpretation of MS and 1D-, 2D-NMR spectroscopic data, while the known compounds were identified by comparison of their data with those reported. RESULTS： Three mycophenolic acid derivatives, 6-（（2E, 6E）-3, 7-dimethyldeca-2, 6-dienyl）-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methylphtanlan-1-one （1）, 6-（（2E, 6E）-3, 7, 11-trimethyldedoca-2, 6, 10-trienyl）-5, 7-dihydroxy-4-methylphtanlan-1-one （2）, and 6-（（2E, 6E）-3, 7, 11-trimethyldedoca-2, 6, 10-trienyl）-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methylphtanlan-1-one （3） were isolated. CONCLUSION： Among them, compound 1 was new, and compound 2 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, and MCF-7 cells, with ICs0 values of 39.1, 31.1, 27.4, and 35.7μmol.L-1, respectively.     

Antifungal cyclic depsipeptide, eujavanicin A, isolated from Eupenicillium javanicum

In the course of searching for new antifungal agents, a new cyclic depsipeptide, eujavanicin A (1), was isolated from Eupenicillium javanicum as an antifungal agent against the human pathogenic filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The structure of 1 was established by spectroscopic and chemical investigations. The absolute stereochemistry was elucidated by Marfey's method and by chiral HPLC analysis.     

Immunomodulatory constituents from an Ascomycete, Eupenicillium crustaceum, and revised absolute structure of macrophorin D

Fractionation guided by immunomodulatory activity of the EtOAc extract of the Ascomycete Eupenicillium crustaceum has afforded two new naturally occurring products, 4'-oxomacrophorin D (1) and 4'-oxomacrophorin A (2), as the immunosuppressive components of this fungus [1: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) conjugate of 2]. The structures including the absolute configurations of 1 and 2 have been determined on the basis of chemical correlation of 1 with macrophorin D (3). The absolute configuration of the HMG moiety in 3 has been revised from 3R to 3S.     

霉酚酸粗品结晶母液回收工艺研究

 目的 建立霉酚酸粗品结晶母液有效成分的回收工艺。方法 根据霉酚酸的化学特性,先用NaOH水溶液改变结晶母液pH,使霉酚酸从结晶母液中转化成易溶于水的相应盐,再采用大孔吸附树脂D312作为吸附剂从溶液中提取富集霉酚酸。结果 霉酚酸转化为钠盐收率在90%以上。回收工艺使提取总收率提高了10%以上,产品质量符合要求。结论 霉酚酸结晶母液回收工艺在提高总收率和降低生产成本上操作可行。该工艺具有工业参考的价值,为企业生产提供了一条新思路。     

大孔吸附树脂提取麦考酚酸的研究

 目的研究大孔吸附树脂提取麦考酚酸(mycophenolic acid)的工艺条件。方法比较了D290,D303,D312,HZ802 4种大孔吸附树脂对发酵液中的麦考酚酸吸附性能,并研究了动力学过程,同时对发酵液中的麦考酚酸在D312吸附柱上的动态吸附解吸过程进行了研究。结果同其他树脂相比,大孔吸附树脂D312能更好地从发酵液中提取麦考酚酸,其吸附量在28400 mg·L^-1左右,用体积分数85%乙醇和稀盐酸可以将吸附在树脂柱上的麦考酚酸有效解吸,解吸收率达95%。结论大孔吸附树脂D312是从发酵液中分离和提纯麦考酚酸的一种适宜吸附剂,该工艺简捷,并可向工业化发展。     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of enteric-coated sodium mycophenolate(EC-MPS) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) dispersible tablets after multiple oral doses in early renal transplant patients, providing references for the rational use of the study drugs in clinical practice. METHODS Thirty-eight first-time renal transplant patients were selected and randomly divided into EC-MPS group (n=18) or MMF dispersible tablets group (n=19). The patients received EC-MPS (540 mg, q12h) or MMF dispersible tablets (750 mg, q12h), combined with tacrolimus and methylprednisolone to prevent acute rejection, respectively. Blood samples were collected at pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 h after oral administration on the postoperative day 5. Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) was employed to determine the plasma concentration of MPA. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the two durgs were assessed. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic parameters on the postoperative day 5 of EC-MPS and MMF dispersible tablet were as follows: AUC_{0-12 h} were(43.62??16.20) and(42.02??14.40)mg??h??L^-1(P>0.05);??_max were (17.85??11.32) and (13.96??5.11) mg??L^-1(P>0.05);t_max were (2.72??1.74) and(1.32??0.42)h(P<0.05); ??₀ were (1.63??1.18) and (1.66??0.93) mg??L^-1(P>0.05); ??₁₂ were(1.84??2.09) and (1.81??1.76) mg??L^-1(P>0.05); CL were (14.12??5.30) and (19.66??5.99) L??h^-1(P<0.05). Most of the patients revealed a second small peak in the 4-12 h after taking MPA in the two study groups. CONCLUSION There are large individual differences of pharmacokinetic between EC-MPS and MMF dispersible tablets in early renal transplant patients. It is necessary to carry out therapeutic drug monitoring of MPA to guide the adjustment of drug dosage.     

Thymol derivatives from Eupatorium fortunei

Sixteen new thymol derivatives have been isolated from Eupatorium fortunei and their structures determined based on spectroscopic data. They were classified into three groups (i-iii) depending on the oxidation levels: (i) one oxygen function at the 9-position, (ii) two oxygen functions at the 8- and 9-positions, and (iii) three oxygen functions at the 8-, 9-, and 10-positions. The hydroxyl groups are acylated with tigloyl, angeloyl, acetyl, isobutyryl, 3-methyl-2-butenoyl, or 2-methylbutyryl moieties. The compounds having chiral centers showed no specific rotation and exist as racemic mixtures.     

Longipinane derivatives from Stevia connata

The hexane extracts of the roots of Stevia connata afforded three new longipinene derivatives, longipinane-7beta,8alpha, 9alpha-triol-1-one 7-angelate-8-methylbutyrate (1), longipin-2-ene-7beta,8alpha,9alpha-triol-1-one 8,9-diangelate (6), and longipin-2-ene-7beta,8alpha,9alpha-triol-1-one 8-angelate-9-methylbutyrate (8), together with the known longipinane-7beta,8alpha,9alpha-triol-1-one 8,9-diangelate (2), longipinane-7beta,8alpha,9alpha-triol-1-one 7,9-diangelate (3), longipinane-7beta,8alpha,9alpha-triol-1-one 7,8-diangelate (4), longipin-2-ene-7beta,8alpha,9alpha-triol-1-one 7,8-diangelate (5), longipin-2-ene-7beta,8alpha,9alpha-triol-1-one 7-angelate-8-methylbutyrate (12), and stigmasterol. The structures of the new compounds were determined by chemical transformations and spectral methods including 2D NMR measurements. Spontaneous intramolecular transesterifications starting from the 8-angelate-9-methylbutyrate 8 provided an equilibrated mixture of the 7-angelate-9-methylbutyrate 10, the 7-angelate-8-methylbutyrate 12 and the starting material when stored in MeOH-H(2)O solution, while the 8,9-diangelate 6 only provided a binary mixture of the 7, 9-diangelate 7 and the starting material under the same conditions. The structures of 6-8, 10, and 12 and those of the nonisolable reaction intermediates 9, 11, and 14 were further evaluated by AM1 semiempirical calculations.     

Anthraquinone derivatives from Heterophyllaea pustulata

From the leaves of Heterophyllaea pustulata two new monomeric anthraquinones, heterophylline (1,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylanthraquinone, 1) and pustuline (2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-7-methylanthraquinone, 2), and one new bianthraquinone, (S)-5,5'-bisoranjidiol [(S)-5,5'-bis(1,6-dihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone), 3], were isolated. Furthermore, the iridoid glycoside asperuloside and three known flavonoids, quercetin, isoquercitrin, and quercetin-3-O-beta-d-glucosyl-6' '-acetate, were obtained. The structures were determined by analysis of their spectroscopic data and chemical evidence.     

Acylphloroglucinol derivatives from Mahurea palustris

Five new acylphloroglucinol derivatives, mahureones A-E (1, 3-6), have been isolated from the leaves of Mahurea palustris, and their structures determined by spectroscopic means. During the isolation process, several byproducts (7-9) were formed by reaction of one of the isoprenyl side chains with TFA, water, and acetonitrile. All the compounds were assayed for their ability to inhibit human DNA polymerase beta. The most active compounds, mahureones A (1) and D (5), exhibited IC50 values in the 10 microM range.     

Benzaldehyde derivatives from Sarcodontia crocea

Through bioactivity-guided fractionation, two volatile benzaldehyde derivatives ( 1 and 2) were isolated from a cellulose-matrix culture of the Basidiomycete Sarcodontia crosea (syn. S. setosa), where the fungus was grown on a growth medium-impregnated thick chromatographic paper. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated mainly by 2D NMR techniques as 4-(furan-3-yl)benzaldehyde and 4-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)benzaldehyde, respectively. Compound 1 is a new natural product, while 2 has been synthesized previously. They are considered to contribute to the odor of the fungus, which is an important character for identification of the species. They were weakly antifungal toward several phytopathogenic fungi but less potent against bacteria in microdilution assays.     

Acylphloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum prolificum

Three new acylphloroglucinol derivatives have been isolated from the hexane extract of the aerial parts of Hypericum prolificum L.: prolificin A (1), prolifenone A (2), and prolifenone B (3). The structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 2D NMR and MS data. All three compounds were evaluated for in vitro cell proliferation inhibitory activity against human breast (MCF-7), lung (NCI-H460), CNS (SF-268), stomach (AGS), and colon (HCT-116) tumor cell lines. Prolificin A showed growth inhibition of all cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 23 to 36 microM. Prolifenones A and B were inactive at the concentrations tested.     

Benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum scabrum

Nine new polyprenylated benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives, hyperibones A-I (1-9), were isolated from the aerial parts of the Uzbekistan medicinal plant Hypericum scabrum. Their structures were determined mainly on the basis of spectroscopic evidence (2D NMR and HRMS). Compounds 1, 2, and 4 showed mild in vitro antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistance Staphylococus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococus aureus (MSSA).     

Polysulfide derivatives from Ferula foetida

The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction from a methanol extract of Ferula foetida has afforded six new sulfide derivatives, (E)-3-methylsulfinyl-2-propenyl sec-butyl disulfide (foetisulfide A) (1), (Z)-3-methylsulfinyloxy-2-propenyl sec-butyl disulfide (foetisulfide B) (2), (E)-3-methylsulfinyloxy-2-propenyl sec-butyl disulfide (foetisulfide C) (3), bis(3-methylthio-2E-propenyl) disulfide (foetisulfide D) (4), 3,4,5-trimethyl-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid (foetithiophene A) (5), 3,4,5-trimethyl-2-(methylsulfinyloxymethyl)thiophene (foetithiophene B) (6), along with six known compounds. The structures of 1-6 were established on the basis of spectroscopic studies, with the elucidation of 5 confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography.     

Cacalol derivatives from Roldana angulifolia

Four new modified eremophilanes, angulifolide (1) and angulifolins A-C (2-4), and two new triacetylglucosides (7 and 8) were isolated from Roldana angulifolia, together with several known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical reactions. The absolute configuration of compounds 2 and 3 was established by Mosher ester methodology. Cytotoxicity against selected human cancer cell lines was determined for the more abundant isolated metabolites.     

Acetophenone derivatives from Acronychia pedunculata

Chemical investigation on the stem and root bark of Acronychia pedunculata has resulted in the isolation of five new acetophenones, namely, acronyculatins A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), and E (5). The structures of these metabolites were established on the basis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data and by CD spectroscopy. The antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of these five metabolites and acrovestone (6) were evaluated. Among these compounds, 6 showed marginal antioxidant and antityrosinase activities.     

Longipinene derivatives from Santolina viscosa

The neutral fraction of the hexane extract of the aerial parts of Santolina viscosa afforded eight new longipinene derivatives (1-8), oblongifolidiol (9), and several other known compounds. The structures of 1-8 were established by spectroscopic methods and chemical transformations. The vulgarone A-type structure previously reported for oblongifolidiol has been reassigned as the longipinene derivative 9 using 2D NMR, chemical correlations, and X-ray diffraction.     

肾移植患者麦考酚酸的群体药动学研究

 目的建立国人肾移植患者在移植初期3个月的群体药动学模型。方法研究对象为52例采用环孢素、吗替麦考酚酯(MMF)和糖皮质激素三联免疫抑制治疗方案的肾移植患者。收集其服药后不同时相的血样560份以及相应的生理、病理和实验室检查数据。运用非线性混合效应模型建立麦考酚酸的群体药动学模型,考察身高、体重、年龄、性别、剂量、血清肌酐、移植术后天数、合并用药、UGT1A9启动子11个单核苷酸基因多态性等对药动学参数的影响。模型验证采用200次bootstrap。结果以一级吸收和消除的二房室模型拟合麦考酚酸的药动学过程为佳,一级速率条件算法计算。体重和移植术后时间是麦考酚酸清除率的影响因素。麦考酚酸清除率的群体药动学公式为:CL/F(L·h^-1)=0.554.TBW(kg).(1-e^-1.14·POD)。MPA平均清除率为31 L·h^-1,与白种人的文献报道值相吻合。Bootstrap法的验证结果与模型计算值也相符。结论建立的麦考酚酸群体药动学模型有一定代表性,为采用Bayesian法进行个体化给药奠定基础。