Formulation and Evaluation of Curcumin Gel for Topical Application

The aim of the present investigation was to develop and study topical gel delivery of curcumin for its anti-inflammatory effects. Carbopol 934P (CRB) and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) were used for the preparation of gels. The penetration enhancing effect of menthol (0–12.5% w/w) on the percutaneous flux of curcumin through the excised rat epidermis from 2% w/w CRB and HPC gel system was investigated. All the prepared gel formulations were evaluated for various properties such as compatibility, drug content, viscosity, in vitro skin permeation, and anti-inflammatory effect. The drug and polymers compatibility was confirmed by Differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy. The percutaneous flux and enhancement ratio of curcumin across rat epidermis was enhanced markedly by the addition of menthol to both types of gel formulations. Both types of developed topical gel formulations were free of skin irritation. In anti-inflammatory studies done by carrageenan induced rat paw oedema method in wistar albino rats, anti-inflammatory effect of CRB, HPC and standard gel formulations were significantly different from control group (P < 0.05) whereas this effect was not significantly different for CRB and HPC gels formulations to that of standard (diclofenac gel) formulation (P > 0.05). CRB gel showed better % inhibition of inflammation as compared to HPC gel.     

Formulation and evaluation of curcumin gel for topical application

The aim of the present investigation was to develop and study topical gel delivery of curcumin for its anti-inflammatory effects. Carbopol 934P (CRB) and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) were used for the preparation of gels. The penetration enhancing effect of menthol (0-12.5% w/w) on the percutaneous flux of curcumin through the excised rat epidermis from 2% w/w CRB and HPC gel system was investigated. All the prepared gel formulations were evaluated for various properties such as compatibility, drug content, viscosity, in vitro skin permeation, and anti-inflammatory effect. The drug and polymers compatibility was confirmed by Differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy. The percutaneous flux and enhancement ratio of curcumin across rat epidermis was enhanced markedly by the addition of menthol to both types of gel formulations. Both types of developed topical gel formulations were free of skin irritation. In anti-inflammatory studies done by carrageenan induced rat paw oedema method in wistar albino rats, anti-inflammatory effect of CRB, HPC and standard gel formulations were significantly different from control group (P < 0.05) whereas this effect was not significantly different for CRB and HPC gels formulations to that of standard (diclofenac gel) formulation (P > 0.05). CRB gel showed better % inhibition of inflammation as compared to HPC gel.     

Formulation and evaluation of once-a-day transdermal gels of diclofenac diethylamine

The present study was undertaken to prepare and evaluate transdermal gels of diclofenac diethylamine (DDEA) containing penetration enhancers such as olesan oil and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Transdermal gels were prepared using different polymers such as carbopol-940, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose-K(4) M, hydroxy propyl cellulose-M, and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose. The formulated gels were subjected to physicochemical studies, in vitro release studies and in vitro skin permeations studies and were evaluated for drug content, viscosity, extrudability, spreadability, and pH. The in vitro release studies of prepared gels were performed using specially designed Fites cell and in vitro skin permeation studies were performed using keshary-chien diffusion cell through rat skin. Selected formulations were evaluated for their antiinflammatory activity using the carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. The carbopol-940 and PVA gels containing 10% DMSO showed best in vitro skin permeation of DDEA. In vivo study for the selected formulation showed a sustained reduction in inflammation in the carrageenan induced paw edema in rats. The efficacies of carbopol-940 and PVA gels were also compared with that of the marketed Voveran gel,(R) and it was found that carbopol and PVA gels produced better results than the Voveran gel. (c) 2006 Prous Science. All rights reserved.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of ketoprofen gel on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats

The anti-inflammatory activity of a 1% ketoprofen gel containing 20% Pluronic F-127 was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method. The activity of the gel was compared with that of other topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) preparations. The Pluronic gel formulation was significantly more effective against edema formation than other ketoprofen gels used. The 1% ketoprofen gel in the Pluronic base inhibited 53% of the carrageenan-induced edema formation as compared with 38% inhibition obtained with a 3% ketoprofen gel in a Carbopol-based formulation. The topical ED50 of the 1% ketoprofen gel was 2.2 mg/kg whereas the oral ED50 of ketoprofen in a suspension was 6.1 mg/kg, indicating that the relative equiponderal availability of the topical gel was nearly three times that of the oral suspension. The application of 50 mg of the 1% ketoprofen gel on the rat hind paw at various time intervals from 0 to 24 h prior to the carrageenan injection significantly inhibited edema formation in all groups of dosed rats. A significant correlation was found between the percent inhibition of rat paw edema and the log dose of ketoprofen injected subplantarly for the dose range between 0.1 and 10 micrograms/paw.     

Effect of mixed micelle formulations including terpenes on the transdermal delivery of diclofenac

The significant inhibitory action of diclofenac formulated in mixed micelles of lecithin with cholate or deoxycholate was observed on the rat hind paw edema induced by carrageenan. In the primary stage, mixed micelle formulation of deoxycholate was more effective compared with that of cholate. However, in the final term, the inhibitory action was similar in both formulations. In a previous study, the flux of diclofenac was greater in the mixed micelle formulation of deoxycholate compared with that of cholate. It was suggested that the permeation rate of diclofenac through skin was proportional to the pharmacological activity. The hind paw edema was quickly inhibited when cyclic monoterpene such as d-limonene or l-menthol was included in the formulations. All the micelle formulations significantly decreased the value of AUC estimated the hind paw thickness-time profile. This suggests that the micelle formulation of cholate in addition to deoxycholate showed significant anti-inflammatory activity to hind paw edema of rats. Incorporation of d-limonene or l-menthol was more effective on the decrease of AUC. A pharmacological study revealed that micelle formulations were able to reduce the skin irritation of chemicals.     

Formulation and characterization of lornoxicam-loaded cellulosic-microsponge gel for possible applications in arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease associated with severe joint pain. Herein, we report lornoxicam loaded cellulosic microsponge gel formulation with sustained anti-inflammatory effects that are required to manage arthritic pain. The microsponges were formulated using quasi emulsion-solvent diffusion method employing four different surfactant systems, namely polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Tween80, Gelucire 48/16 and Gelucire 50/13. All the lornoxicam loaded microsponge formulations were extensively characterized with a variety of analytical tools. The optimized microsponge formulation was then converted into gel formulation. The lornoxicam loaded microsponge gel formulation had adequate viscosity and sufficient pharmaceutical properties as confirmed by the texture analysis and the drug release followed Super case II transport. It is noteworthy that we described the preparation of a new cellulosic polymers based microsponge system for delivery of lornoxicam to provide quick as well as lasting (sustained) anti-inflammatory effects in rats using carrageenan induced rat paw edema model. We were able to demonstrate a 72% reduction in inflammation within 4 h using the optimize transdermal gel formulation utilizing Transcutol P as permeation enhancer and with the aid of skin micro-piercing by microneedles, hence, demonstrating the potential of this microsponge gel formulation in arthritis management.     

Pluronic lecithin organogel as a topical drug delivery system

The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate the pluronic lecithin organogel containing flurbiprofen for topical application. Different formulations of pluronic lecithin organogels were prepared by using pluronic F127, lecithin, flurbiprofen, isopropyl palmitate, water, sorbic acid, and potassium sorbate. To study the in vitro potential of these formulations, permeation studies were performed with Keshary-Chien diffusion cells. The results of the in vitro permeation studies found that release of flurbiprofen from dialysis membrane-70 was more than excised dorsal rat skin. Gelation temperature study was carried out to determine the temperature where sol-gel transformation takes place. The viscosities of different formulations were determined by using Brookfield Viscometer at 25°C, the viscosity of formulations increases as the lecithin concentration increases. Also the formulations were tested for appearance and feel psychorheologically, pH, and drug content. Interactions between the components of the gel have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffractometry. The optimized formulation subjected to differential scanning calorimetry shows no drug-polymer interaction. To investigate the in vivo performance of the formulations, a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model and skin irritation study was used. The stability studies and freeze-thaw thermal cyclic test were carried out, showing no phase separation of gel, and representing gel stability. Statistical analysis of the data of animal study (anti-inflammatory activity) was done by using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett's test. The formulation shows a statistically significant anti-inflammatory activity and is non-irritant to skin.     

Pluronic lecithin organogel as a topical drug delivery system

The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate the pluronic lecithin organogel containing flurbiprofen for topical application. Different formulations of pluronic lecithin organogels were prepared by using pluronic F127, lecithin, flurbiprofen, isopropyl palmitate, water, sorbic acid, and potassium sorbate. To study the in vitro potential of these formulations, permeation studies were performed with Keshary-Chien diffusion cells. The results of the in vitro permeation studies found that release of flurbiprofen from dialysis membrane-70 was more than excised dorsal rat skin. Gelation temperature study was carried out to determine the temperature where sol-gel transformation takes place. The viscosities of different formulations were determined by using Brookfield Viscometer at 25°C, the viscosity of formulations increases as the lecithin concentration increases. Also the formulations were tested for appearance and feel psychorheologically, pH, and drug content. Interactions between the components of the gel have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffractometry. The optimized formulation subjected to differential scanning calorimetry shows no drug–polymer interaction. To investigate the in vivo performance of the formulations, a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model and skin irritation study was used. The stability studies and freeze–thaw thermal cyclic test were carried out, showing no phase separation of gel, and representing gel stability. Statistical analysis of the data of animal study (anti-inflammatory activity) was done by using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s test. The formulation shows a statistically significant anti-inflammatory activity and is non-irritant to skin.     

Assessment of diclofenac permeation with different formulations: anti-inflammatory study of a selected formula.

The aim of this study was to improve the transdermal permeation of sodium diclofenac. Permeation studies were carried out in vitro using human skin (0.4 mm thick) from plastic surgery as a membrane. Four liquid formulations of 1% (w/w) sodium diclofenac were assayed: three ternary solvent systems (M4, M5, M6) and one microemulsion (M3). A 1% (w/w) solution of sodium diclofenac and a commercially available semisolid preparation were tested as reference formulations. The following permeation parameters for diclofenac were assessed: permeability coefficient, flux and drug permeated and retained in the skin at 24 h. The highest values of these parameters were obtained with formula M4, which contains transcutol 59.2%, oleic acid 14.9% and d-limonene 5% (w/w) as permeation enhancers. The anti-inflammatory activity of this formula was compared with that of the semisolid preparation on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. As expected from in vitro results, the M4 diclofenac delivery system showed higher activity than the semisolid preparation, both when applied locally (to the inflammation area) and when applied systemically (to the back). Neither treatment irritated the skin when tested on rabbits in a 72-h trial. These results suggest that topical delivery of sodium diclofenac with an absorption enhancer such as a mixture of oleic acid and d-limonene (M4) may be an effective medication for both dermal and subdermal injuries.     

Design,development, physicochemical,and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of transdermal patches containing diclofenac diethylammonium salt

In this study, matrix-type transdermal patches containing diclofenac diethylamine were prepared using different ratios of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and ethylcellulose (EC) by solvent evaporation technique. The drug matrix film of PVP and EC was casted on a polyvinylalcohol backing membrane. All the prepared formulations were subjected to physical studies (moisture content, moisture uptake, and flatness), in vitro release studies and in vitro skin permeation studies. In vitro permeation studies were performed across cadaver skin using a modified diffusion cell. Variations in drug release profiles among the formulations studied were observed. Based on a physicochemical and in vitro skin permeation study, formulation PA4 (PVP/EC, 1:2) and PA5 (PVP/EC, 1:5) were chosen for further in vivo experiments. The antiinflammatory effect and a sustaining action of diclofenac diethylamine from the two transdermal patches selected were studied by inducing paw edema in rats with 1% w/v carrageenan solution. When the patches were applied half an hour before the subplantar injection of carrageenan in the hind paw of male Wistar rats, it was observed that formulation PA4 produced 100% inhibition of paw edema in rats 12 h after carrageenan insult, whereas in the case of formulation PA5, 4% mean paw edema was obtained half an hour after the carrageenan injection and the value became 19.23% 12 h after the carrageenan insult. The efficacy of transdermal patches was also compared with the marketed Voveran gel and it was found that PA4 transdermal patches produced a better result as compared with the Voveran gel. Hence, it can be reasonably concluded that diclofenac diethylamine can be formulated into the transdermal matrix type patches to sustain its release characteristics and the polymeric composition (PVP/EC, 1:2) was found to be the best choice for manufacturing transdermal patches of diclofenac diethylamine among the formulations studied.     

Influence of the formulation on the in vitro transdermal penetration of sodium diclofenac. Evaluation of the topical and systemic anti-inflammatory activity in the rat

A study on the transdermal permeation through human skin was performed with a series of 6 semisolid formulations (A-F) containing 1% sodium diclofenac (CAS 15307-79-6) (w/w). A commercially available drug preparation was tested as a reference. Based on permeation characteristics, a study on the topical and systemic anti-inflammatory activities of three formulations (A, F and the reference formulation) was conducted using the model of erythema induced by UV radiation in hairless rats. This is expected, together with the index of topical anti-inflammatory activity to allow the selection of the most suitable formulation for dermal application. The following representative parameters were measured in the permeation study: amount of diclofenac permeated at 24 h, flow, lag time and amount of drug retained in skin at 24 h. Of the formulations tested, diclofenac formulated in the reference formulation showed the highest values of amount of diclofenac permeated at 24 h, amount of drug retained in skin at 24 and flow. As regards the skin inflammation test, no significant differences (p < 0.05) are seen between the topical and systemic anti-inflammatory activities of the three formulations tested. However, in absolute value, formulation F shows a lower systemic activity, which would prevent potential side effects of diclofenac. Since the topical anti-inflammatory index obtained for this formulation was > 1, it is concluded that a good therapeutic performance could be obtained in the treatment of local inflammation with diclofenac by using formulation F.     

Design, development and optimization of nimesulide-loaded liposomal systems for topical application

Nimesulide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was incorporated into multilamellar liposomes to improve its performance on topical administration. The drug was loaded onto liposomes employing thin film hydration technique. Various process and formulation variables were investigated to obtain the liposomal products of desired quality. Liposomes were monitored for percent drug entrapment, after separating the unentrapped drug by mini column centrifugation, for vesicular properties (such as size distribution profile, morphological attributes and agglomeration tendency), drug diffused through synthetic semipermeable membrane, and drug leakage. Systematic optimization studies were carried out using 3(2) factorial design to select the optimized liposomal composition with reference to percent drug entrapment, drug diffusion and leakage. The optimized batch of liposomes was subjected to drug permeation and drug retention studies employing rat skin and human cadaver skin. In comparison to methanolic solution of pure nimesulide, liposomal formulations were found to retain higher amounts of nimesulide in the skin. Anti-inflammatory studies, using carragenan-induced rat paw edema model, indicated significantly better performance of liposomally entrapped nimesulide in comparison to the marketed gel formulation and the Carbopol gel containing nimesulide.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of Achillea and Ruscus topical gel on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats

The anti-inflammatory activity of Achillea and Ruscus extracts was studied in comparison with diclofenac sodium topical gel (diclosal Emulgel), using the carrageenan induced paw edema model in Albino rats. Gel formulation was prepared containing 6% of each extract in gel base, namely sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC). The kinetics of drug release from the prepared formulation was studied separately in each case. Results showed that the release follows the Higuchi square root equation. The pharmacological screening revealed that the percent reduction of edema for Achillea extract and Ruscus extract were 48.1% and 18.8%, respectively, while diclosal Emulgel produced 47% reduction of edema.     

Formulation and evaluation of flurbiprofen microemulsion

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the microemulsion formulations for topical delivery of Flurbiprofen (FP) in order to by pass its gastrointestinal adverse effects. The pseudoternary phase diagrams were developed and various microemulsion formulations were prepared using Isopropyl Myristate (IPM), Ethyl Oleate (EO) as oils, Aerosol OT as surfactant and Sorbitan Monooleate as cosurfactant. The transdermal permeability of flurbiprofen from microemulsions containing IPM and EO as two different oil phases was analyzed using Keshary-Chien diffusion cell through excised rat skin. Flurbiprofen showed higher in vitro permeation from IPM as compared to that of from EO microemulsion. Thus microemulsion containing IPM as oil phase were selected for optimization. The optimization was carried out using 2(3) factorial design. The optimized formula was then subjected to in vivo anti-inflammatory study and the performance of flurbiprofen from optimized formulation was compared with that of gel cream. Flurbiprofen from optimized microemulsion formulation was found to be more effective as compared to gel cream in inhibiting the carrageenan induced rat paw edema at all time intervals. Histopathological investigation of rat skin revealed the safety of microemulsion formulation for topical use. Thus the present study indicates that, microemulsion can be a promising vehicle for the topical delivery of flurbiprofen.     

Meloxicam β-cyclodextrin transdermal gel: physicochemical characterization and in vitro dissolution and diffusion studies

The aim of the study was to develop a Meloxicam (ME) transdermal gel formulations based on complexation with β-cyclodextrin. ME β-Cyclodextrin gel formulations were prepared using four different gel bases with different concentrations and different permeation enhancers. The developed formulations were examined for their in vitro characteristics and their diffusion through a mouse skin. The gel formulations were prepared successfully. Physicochemical characterization of ME β-CD complex in solution state by phase solubility revealed 1:1 M complexation of ME with β-Cyclodextrin. ME release profiles from the inclusion complex were superior over ME alone. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 15% w/w gel base was proven to be a suitable base for ME inclusion complex formulation as it provides a high drug release than other studied bases. ME β-CD complex gel formulations containing oleic acid (1% w/w) or (5% w/w) cineol used as permeation enhancers in (15% w/w) HPMC gel base were proven to provide a higher diffusion rate of the drug through the mouse skin. This is very promising in providing analgesic activity of meloxicam via topical route of administration.     

Transfersomes: A Novel Vesicular Carrier for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Sertraline: Development,Characterization, and Performance Evaluation

The aim of the present study was to investigate transfersomes as a transdermal delivery system for the poorly soluble drug, sertraline, in order to overcome the troubles associated with its oral delivery. Different transfersomal formulations were prepared with non-ionic surfactant (span 80), soya lecithin, and carbopol 940 by the rotary evaporation sonication method. The prepared formulations were characterized for light microscopy, particle size analysis, drug entrapment, turbidity, drug content, rheological studies, in vitro release, ex vivo permeation, and stability studies. The optimized formulation was evaluated for in vivo studies using the modified forced swim model test. FTIR studies showed compatibility of the drug with excipients. The result revealed that sertraline in all of the formulations was successfully entrapped with uniform drug content. Transfersomal gel containing 1.6% of the drug and 20% of span 80 was concluded to be the optimized formulation (EL-SP4), as it showed maximum drug entrapment (90.4±0.15%) and cumulative percent drug release(73.8%). The ex vivo permeation profile of EL-SP4 was compared with the transfersomal suspension, control gel, and drug solution. The transfersomal gel showed a significantly higher (p<0.05) cumulative amount of drug permeation and flux along with lower lag time than the drug solution and drug gel. It also owed to better applicability due to the higher viscosity imparted by the gel rather than the transfersomal suspension, and no skin irritation was observed. The modified forced swim test in mice revealed that the transfersomal gel had better antidepressant activity as compared to the control gel. Thus, the study substantiated that the transfersomal gel can be used as a feasible alternative to the conventional formulations of sertraline with advanced permeation characteristics for transdermal application.     

Transdermal delivery of an analgesic agent using elastic liposomes: preparation, characterization and performance evaluation

The aim of the present study was to prepare and characterize novel vesicular carrier elastic liposomes, of most commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent diclofenac for its sustained and targeted delivery. Elastic liposomes of diclofenac were prepared and characterized in vitro and in vivo. The effect of different formulation variables like type of surfactant, concentration of surfactant and dose of drug on transdermal flux, amount of drug deposited into the skin, muscle and plasma concentration was investigated. The biological activity of optimized formulation was evaluated using carrageenan induced rat paw edema model and results were compared with commercial hydrogel formulation. The elastic liposomal formulations achieved muscle drug concentration between 2.2+/-0.14 to 5.3+/-0.22 microg/g at 12 hr. The same dose of commercial hydrogel formulation produced drug levels between 0.41+/-0.07 to 1.1+/-0.09 microg/g in the muscle. Plasma concentration study showed regiospecificity of elastic liposomal formulation. The results of in vivo study revealed that incorporation of diclofenac in elastic liposomes increased its biological activity two fold as compared to commercial hydrogel formulation. The results of the present study demonstrated greater effectiveness of dermaly applied diclofenac elastic liposomal formulation in comparison to conventional delivery system. The optimized elastic liposomal formulation offers a promising means for the non-invasive treatment of local pain and inflammation by topical application.     

Evaluation of skin permeation and anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of new naproxen microemulsion formulations

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential application of microemulsions as a transdermal drug delivery for naproxen (Np). The pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were developed for microemulsions composed of isopropyl myristate, Span 80, Labrafil M, Labrasol, and Cremophor EL, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol and 0.5 N sodium hydroxide. The final concentration of Np in microemulsion systems was 10% (w/w). The microemulsions were characterised by conductivity, droplet size, viscosity and pH. Moreover, in vitro permeability studies were performed using diffusion cells from rat skin. The permeation rates of Np from microemulsions (M1_Np and M2_Np) were higher than the commercial (C) gel formulation. The paw oedema test was performed in rats to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Np. The volume increase in paw oedema after 6 hr was 0.71 ± 0.46% with M2_Np, whereas M1_Np and C exhibited 6.48 ± 2.71% and 14.97 ± 3.15% increases in oedema, respectively. Additionally, a significant analgesic effect was detected in the hot plate and tail-flick tests for all test microemulsion and C formulations when compared with the control. Histopathological examination of the treated skin was performed to investigate changes in skin morphology. In conclusion, the microemulsion formulations, especially the M2_Np formulation, may be used as an effective alternative for the transdermal delivery of Np.     

Antipsoriatic microemulsion gel formulations for topical drug delivery of babchi oil (Psoralea corylifolia)

The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate a microemulsion gel-based system of babchi oil (Psoralea corylifolia) for the treatment of psoriasis, which could provide improved permeation of the drug through the skin and increased patient compliance. Babchi oil is used because its chief constituent psoralen is a photoactive furocoumarin that binds to DNA when exposed to UV light to form photoproducts with pyrimidine base. This action inhibits DNA synthesis and causes decrease in cell proliferation. Moreover, babchi oil, in addition to providing psoralen, also acts as an oily phase for microemulsion system. The presence of surfactant and cosurfactant increases the permeation. On the basis of qualitative and quantitative estimation of all eight brands of babchi oil, Bakuchi Tail was selected for microemulsion formulation. Microemulsions were prepared by aqueous phase-titration method. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed for the identification of microemulsion existence zones. Prepared microemulsions were subjected to different thermodynamic stability tests and characterized for droplet size, viscosity and refractive index. In vitro skin permeation of babchi oil through rat abdominal skin was determined by the Franz diffusion cell. The in vitro skin permeation profile of formulation F2, which consisted of 1.67% v/v of babchi oil, 8.33% v/v of oleic acid, S(mix) 55% v/v of Tween 80 Transcutol-P (S/Co ratio 1:1) and 35% v/v of distilled water, was significant when compared with other microemulsion formulations (p < 0.05). Formulation F2 was converted into microemulsion gel by adding 1% Carbopol-940 and coded as MGF2. Formulation MGF2 was selected for its in vivo antiinflammatory effects determined by footpad edema. The results suggested that microemulsion gel is a potential vehicle for improved topical delivery of psoralen and that microemulsion gels are potential vehicles for improved topical delivery of babchi oil.     

蒙药三味皂矾汤的抗炎作用研究

目的：观察三味皂矾汤的抗炎作用,为该药的开发研究提供实验基础。方法：选择大鼠棉球肉芽肿、鸡蛋清致大鼠足肿胀和甲醛致大鼠足肿胀等实验模型观察三味皂矾汤的抗炎效果。结果：三味皂矾汤对大鼠棉球肉芽组织的增生有显著的抑制作用,其抑制率最高达到31.82%（P<0.01）,对1~6 h内蛋清致大鼠足肿胀的抑制率最高达到31.61%（P<0.01）,对1~24 h内甲醛致大鼠足肿胀的抑制率最高达到20.09%（P<0.01）。结论：三味皂矾汤对亚急性吞噬细胞的浸润性炎症和对慢性增殖性组织变异性炎症均有良好的抑制作用。