Multidisciplinary Treatment for Esophageal Carcinoma

A cooperative study was performed to evaluate the effects ofbleomycin (BLM) and tegafur combined with preoperative irradiationon esophageal carcinoma. The drugs were selected by randomization.A solid form of BLM was administered during the operation forpatients of both groups. From July 1978 to December 1980, 338cases were entered in this study. Resective surgery was performedin these patients. Operative death occurred in 18 patients;it was higher in the BLM group. Cases excluding operative deathswere used to calculate the cumulative survival rate. There wasno difference in fluoroscopic findings, age distribution orsex ratio between these two groups. In regard to the effectof radiation observed histologically, more patients in the tegafurgroup showed a marked effect. The tegafur group tended to havea better survival rate after surgery, but the difference wasnot significant. Tegafur was easier to administer in suppositoryform.     

直肠癌多学科综合治疗进展

目的:总结直肠癌多学科综合治疗的最新进展,并对存在的问题和发展前景进行分析.方法:应用计算机检索Medline及cHKD期刊全文数据库检索系统,以"直肠癌/外科手术/化疗/放疗/分析"为关键词,检索2000年1月～2008年12月有关直肠癌多学科综合治疗及其价值方面的文献.精选30篇文献,最后纳入分析26篇.结果:准确的分期是直肠癌多学科综合治疗的关键,新辅助治疗结合根治性手术的模式是降低局部复发率、延长生存时间的有效手段,尤其在提高保肛率方面更具优势.根治性手术结合辅助治疗仍被公认为Ⅱ～Ⅲ期直肠癌的标准治疗模式.把握转移瘤可切除标准和时机结合辅助治疗可延长生存时间.化学新药和靶向药物及新联合治疗方案的引入,可提高直肠癌的疗效.结论:应积极倡导直肠癌规范化多学科综合治疗,与结肠癌相比,直肠癌多学科综合治疗改善总生存率的循证医学证据尚不充分,需深入研究.     

食管癌多发灶的外科治疗

 目的 探讨防止食管癌多发灶漏诊的手术方式。方法 对532 例食管癌手术病人进行总结。结果 发现食管癌多发灶18 例,术前确诊1 例,术中发现17 例。结论 食管癌的手术方式应尽量采用食管次全切除,食管、胃颈部吻合术,以防止多发灶的漏治。     

Intraoperative Radiotherapy in the Multidisciplinary Treatment of Pediatric Tumors a Preliminary Report on Initial Results

From September 1984 to July 1987, 33 children received intra-operative radiotherapy as part of a multidisciplinary tumor treatment. Their age ranged from 2 to 17 years. Tumors types: Ewing's sarcoma (n=11), osteosarcoma (n=8), soft tissue sarcomas (n=5), Wilms' tumor (n=3), neuroblastoma (n=3), malignant pheochromocytoma (n=l), Hodgkin's disease (n=1), and optic nerve glioma (n=1). In 25 patients the disease was localized while 8 had distant metastases. Intraoperative radiotherapy was used in 26 previously untreated patients as part of a radical treatment program and in 7 cases as an effort to rescue local failures (5 in previously irradiated areas). The intraoperative radiation field included the surgically exposed tumor or tumor bed, and the single doses ranged from 10 to 20 Gy, with 6-20 MeV electrons. Patients with osteosarcoma and recurrent tumor in a previously irradiated area did not receive postoperative external beam radiotherapy. With a median follow-up time of 10 months (1 to 31+months) 24 out of 33 patients are alive without local recurrence and 9 have died from tumor (5 with local disease progression). Intraoperative radiotherapy seems to be a feasible treatment which might promote local control in pediatric tumors.     

食管癌外科治疗体会

［目的］探讨外科治疗食管癌的经验。［方法］自１９８８年至１９９８年对１００例食管癌施行切除术,其中上段８例,中段７２例,下段２０例,手术入路计经左颈、右胸、腹部三切口１８例,右胸、腹部二切口４９例,右胸后外侧单切口５例,左后外侧单切口 ２８例,切除食管后均作食管胃一层间断吻合重建消化道。［结果］住院死亡４例,死亡率为４％,术后发生吻合口瘘２例。术后５年生存率为３７．２％（１６／４３）。［结论］食管癌的手术入路应取决于病灶的所在部位;主张一层食管胃吻合术重建消化道;为了提高食管癌术后的生存率,必须作广泛的食管切除及彻底的淋巴结清扫。     

Surgical Treatment for Early Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

More studies are needed to clarify treatments and prognosis of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC). This retrospective study was designed to review the outcome of surgical treatment for early ESCC,evaluate the results of a left thoracotomy for selected patients with early ESCC, and identify factors affectinglymph node metastases and survival. The clinicopathological data of 228 patients with early ESCC who underwenttransthoracic esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy without preoperative adjuvant treatment were reviewed.The χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test were used to detect factors related to lymph node metastasis. Univariate andmultivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors. There were 152 males and 76 females witha median age of 55 years. Two hundred and eight patients underwent a left thoracotomy, and the remaining20 patients with lymph nodes in the upper mediastinum more than 5 mm in short-axis diameter by computedtomography scan underwent a right thoracotomy. No lymph node metastasis was found in the 18 patients withcarcinoma in situ, while lymph node metastases were detected in 1.6% (1/62) of patients with mucosal tumoursand 18.2% (27/148) of patients with submucosal tumours. Only 7 patients showed upper mediastinal lymph nodemetastases in the follow-up. The 5- and 10-year overall survival rates were 81.4% and 70.1%, respectively. Onlyhistologic grade (P<0.001) and pT category (P=0.001) significantly correlated with the presence of lymph nodemetastases. In multivariate analysis, only histologic grade (P=0.026) and pT category (P=0.008) were independentprognostic factors. A left thoracotomy is acceptable for selected patients with early ESCC. Histologic grade andpT category affected the presence of lymph node metastases and were independent prognostic factors for earlyESCC.     

36例食管癌穿孔的手术治疗

目的：探讨手术治疗食管癌穿孔的理想手术方法及围术期治疗特点。方法：对36例食管癌穿孔（其中穿入右肺14例，穿入纵隔17例，穿入气管5例）患者进行手术治疗。开胸手术34例，其中右胸三切口术式16例，分期手术15例。34例中经胸骨后间隙胃或结肠代食管26例。结果：31例患者获得手术成功，手术死亡3例，术后随访3～72个月．其中生存7～12个月15例，24个月2例，72个月1例，疗效较为满意：结论：手术治疗食管癌穿孔效果较为明显．优于一般保守治疗。手术方式以右胸三切口术式（胸骨后胃或结肠代食管）或分期手术为佳。     

食管癌穿孔治疗方法的探讨

目的　探讨食管癌穿孔治疗的有效方法。方法　 34例食管癌放疗后并发食管气管瘘、纵隔瘘病人 ,分别采用鼻饲营养、胃造瘘术、附膜编织网支架治疗 ,肿瘤复发病例加用放疗、化疗及其他综合治疗等方法。结果　 6例应用鼻饲 (其中 1例加放疗使瘘愈合 ,生存 1年 3个月 )中位生存期 5 8个月。 15例胃造瘘中 ,5例行放疗 ,2例生存 1年以上。 5例无肿瘤患者造瘘后生存 1年以上 2例 ,2年以上 1例。 7例应用附膜编织网支架技术 ,3例健在。对症治疗和放弃拒绝治疗者无长期生存。结论　食管癌穿孔治疗首选胃造瘘为宜 ,它优于附膜编织网支架及鼻饲营养治疗。     

Surgical Treatment of Perforation Esophageal Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To determine the ideal method of surgical preoperative treatment for perforation with esophageal carcinoma.METHODS 36 cases of perforation with esophageal carcinoma were treated surgically in this series.Perforations occurred into the right lung in14 cases ,the mediastinum in 17 cases and trachea in 5 cases.Open thoracic surgery was performed in 34 cases,in which the right thoracic approach using a 3-incision method was applied in 16 cases,and operation by stages in 15 cases.Of the 34 cases,retrosternal substitution of the esophagus with stomach or colon was performed in 26 cases.RESULTS Surgery was successful in 31 cases and operative death occurred in 3 cases.The postoperative follow up study was from 3～72months.Of these cases 15 wree alive at 7～12 months, 2 at 24 months,and 1 at 72 months. The results can be considered satisfactory.CONCLUSION The therapeutic results of surgical treatment of perforation with esophageal carcinoma were markedly superior to that of conventional conservative treatment. The authors suggest that surgical intervention without delay should be undertaken for patients having a perforation with carcinoma of the esophagus. A right thoracic approach with a 3-incision method (retrosternal replacement of esophagus with stomach or colon) or operation by stages is preferable.     

空肠间置代食管术在食管癌贲门癌外科治疗中的临床应用

目的探讨空肠间置代食管术在食管癌贲门癌外科治疗中的临床应用价值。方法采用空肠间置代食管术治疗38例食管癌贲门癌患者。结果 38例手术均成功,术后并发症少,无手术死亡者,术后恢复良好。结论空肠间置代食管重建消化道术式,对食管癌贲门癌的疗效确切,并发症少,术后患者生活质量好,值得推广应用。     

放疗联合卡莫氟治疗食管癌

[目的]评价放射治疗联合卡莫氟治疗食管癌的疗效.[方法]比较69例食管癌放疗合并卡莫氟增敏治疗(放化组)与170例食管癌单纯放疗(放疗组)疗效及副作用.[结果]放化组:2年无病生存率18%、总生存率37%,Ⅱ度以上放射性食管炎21.74%(15/69),Ⅱ度以上骨髓抑制13.04%(9/69):放疗组:2年无病生存率16%、总生存率35%,Ⅱ度以上放射性食管炎为9.41%(16/170),Ⅱ度以上骨髓抑制9.41%(16/170).[结论]放疗合并卡莫氟治疗食管癌疗效较好,但放射性食管炎发生率较高.     

造影剂对食管癌调强放疗计划的影响

目的探讨增强造影剂对食管癌调强放疗计划的影响。方法对10例食管癌进行CT平扫与增强造影,分别设计调强放疗计划,比较2个计划靶区剂量分布和危及器官的剂量体积受量。结果增强影像计划的靶区最大剂量、最小剂量、平均剂量及中位剂量,较平扫影像计划的平均高30 cGy,适形度指数和均匀性指数的比较无差异,增强影像计划的双肺平均剂量、心脏平均剂量受量高。2种计划的双肺V20、V30和脊髓最大剂量比较无差异。结论造影剂对食管癌调强放疗剂量有影响,但影响较小,可以直接在增强影像上设计放疗计划。     

珍香胶囊治疗食管癌Ⅱ期临床试验结果

[目的]对珍香胶囊治疗食管癌进行Ⅱ期临床试验 ,以观察其联合放疗的近期疗效及用药安全性。[方法]将80例经病理确诊的食管癌初治病人随机分成珍香胶囊联合放疗组 (试验组 )及单纯放疗组 (对照组 )。试验组在放疗同时服用珍香胶囊3次/天、6粒/次 ,放疗方案两组相同 ,用60Co或6Mv_X线照射DT60Gy～70Gy。观察对比试验组和对照组的近期疗效、生活质量 ,症状及免疫指标的变化情况 ;两组放射反应 ,珍香胶囊的其它毒副作用。[结果]①治疗DT40Gy时 ,试验组有效率高于对照组 ,分别为87.5%和65.0% ,差异有统计学显著性意义 (χ2=5.591,P<0.05) ,其中试验组有6例达CR而对照组仅有1例达CR。治疗结束时 ,试验组的CR率高于对照组 ,两者分别为37.5% (15/40)和17.5% (7/40) ,差异有显著性意义 (χ2=4.012,P<0.05)。②治疗后两组的症状均有缓解 ,但试验组口干、大便秘结症状缓解率较对照组高 (68.7%vs33.3% ,P<0.05;86.7%vs40.0% ,P<0.05)。③治疗后试验组CD4 和CD8 降低幅度小于对照组。④两组的放射性食管炎发生率相当 ,两组均无Ⅲ、Ⅳ度造血系统毒性反应 ,治疗后肝肾功能均未有异常改变。[结论]珍香胶囊对食管癌有放射增效作用 ,可加快放疗时食管癌肿块消退速度 ,有一定的免疫增强作用 ,安全无毒 ,不增加放疗后并发症     

食管小细胞癌的治疗及预后分析

目的 探讨影响食管小细胞癌治疗预后的因素。方法 对1975年1月至1995年12月收治的60例食管小细胞癌的病例资料，应用SPSS8．0统计软件中Cox回归函数，对其中44例患者的预后进行多因素分析。结果 5年随访率为73．3％。局限期患者1、2、5年生存率分别为51．8％、29．6％和18．5％。中位生存期为11个月；广泛期患者1、2、5年生存率分别为47．6％、17．6及0。中位生存期为10个月。影响局限期和广泛期患者预后的主要因素分别为年龄和治疗手段（P＜0．05）。结论 肿瘤临床分期及发病年龄是影响食管小细胞癌患者预后的主要因素。对于广泛期患者，以化疗为主的综合治疗是延长中位生存期的重要手段。     

13248例食管癌和贲门癌外科治疗

[目的]总结食管癌和贲门癌外科治疗经验。[方法]回顾性分析安阳市肿瘤医院胸外科1976年～2001年13248例食管癌和贲门癌手术治疗资料。[结果]食管癌和贲门癌手术切除率分别为94．8％和93．1％，总切除率94．3％。食管癌和贲门癌手术死亡率分别为1．7％和1．0％，总手术死亡率1．5％、食管癌术后5年、10年生存率分别为31．6％和10.3％，贲门癌术后5年、10年生存率分别为18．5％和5．0％，总5年、10年生存率分别为26．9％和8．4％。[结沦](1)食管癌和贲门癌的手术适应证逐渐扩大，手术切除率不断提高，术后死亡率明显降低。(2)对食管癌应扩大切除范围，对胸上、中段食管癌应采用右侧剖胸切除，以提高长期生存率。（3）提高食管癌和贲门癌的早期诊断率是食管癌临床工作的重点之一。     

顺氯氨铂,平阳霉素联合用药治疗食管癌：附44例报告

1983年1月至1984年3月我科用PB方案(顺氯氨铂DDP,平阳霉素BLM)治疗中、晚期食管癌44例。本组有效10例,有效率为22.7％。其中显效3例(CR),有效7例(PR),无效34例(NR)。治疗后主观有效者26例,主观有效率为59.1％。41例鳞癌中,细胞分化程度为Ⅰ级者27例,其中有效8例(CR2例,PR6例)占29.6％。     

食管癌伴肝硬化的手术治疗

本文报告３５例食管癌伴肝硬化的手术治疗的经验。手术死亡率５．７％（２例各死于肝性脑病和肺部并发症），术后并发症：腹水、肝肾综合征、肝性脑病和肺部并发症共５例次，发生率１４．３％。作者对手术治疗的特点和并发症进行了讨论。     

DF化疗、放疗序贯应用治疗食管癌疗效报道

 目的 食管癌化疗序贯放疗和单纯放疗疗效对比研究。方法 248 例食管癌随机分为综合治疗组125 例和单纯放疗组123 例。综合组：DDP（50mgm^{2>/sup> ,D1 ,8）5 FU（750mgm2>/sup> ,D2 6） 静脉注射,3 周为一周期,潘生丁50mg,口服,每天三次。2 3 周期化疗后放疗（DT60 70Gy6-5 7-5周）.单纯放疗组直接放疗（DT60 70Gy6-5 7-5 周）.结果 两组近期疗效无明显差别,综合组完全缓解率及1 ,3,5 年生存率高于单纯放疗组（p < 0-05）.结论 化疗后序贯放疗是治疗食管癌安全有效的方法。}     

EAPP方案治疗晚期食管癌(附24例报告)

1990年5月至1991年12月,我科用足叶乙甙、阿霉素、顺铂和平阳霉素组成的EAPP方案治疗晚期食管癌24例,完全缓解3例(12.5％),部分缓解12例(50.0％),微效3例(12.5％),缓解率62.5％(15/24),总有效率75.0％(18/24)。中位生存期8.5个月,1年生存率29.2％(7/24)。毒性以Ⅰ～Ⅱ度的胃肠道反应、骨髓抑制和脱发较多见,其中恶心呕吐14例(58.4％),白细胞下降13例(54.2％),24例均有脱发。