白内障超声乳化术中急性高眼压浅前房的临床分析

目的 探讨超声乳化白内障吸出术中突发高眼压浅前房的原因和临床处理.方法 从2004年1月至2007年11月施行超声乳化白内障吸出手术中,7例患者术中发生急性高眼压浅前房,术中给予20%甘露醇快速静滴降低眼压,注入黏弹剂重建前房.1例术中行睫状体平坦部穿刺放液及前玻璃体切割恢复前房形成.7例完成超声乳化白内障吸出术.结果 5例患者完成超声乳化白内障吸出术和一期人工晶体植入,1例患者改行二期人工晶体植入,1例患者因高度近视未行人工晶状体植入.5例患者视力为0.3～0.5,1例高度近视无晶体眼患者视力0.5,1例患者数指30cm并行二期人工晶状体植入,术后视力0.2.部分病人伴有角膜水肿和切口处虹膜萎缩.全部病人术中切口缝合1～2针.结论 超声乳化白内障吸出手术具有良好的密闭性,术中突发的高眼压浅前房与灌注液逆流入玻璃体和瞳孔阻滞有关,且常发生在超声乳化后期和吸除晶状体皮质时,严重影响人工晶状体植入.术中及时降低眼压和重建前房可保证手术完成.对于术中前房难于形成者,可行经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切割重建前房完成手术.     

超声乳化、人工晶体植入、经平坦部玻璃体切除治疗恶性青光眼

目的：评价超声乳化、人工晶体植入、经平坦部前段玻璃切除治疗恶性青光眼的效果。方法：11例13眼继发于小梁切除术后的恶性青光眼接受了手术治疗。首先经平坦部行前段玻璃体中央切割减压（至15．0mmHg左右）,然后常规白内障超声乳化摘除和直径3．0mm的连续后囊撕开,再切割前段的玻璃体,最后向睫状沟位植入人工晶体。结果：术后第一天,所有病例前房均形成良好,无一例前房再消失。视力改善显著,眼压控制满意。     

超声乳化白内障吸出为主的睫状环阻滞性青光眼手术治疗模式探讨

目的探讨超声乳化白内障吸出为主的睫状环阻滞性青光眼治疗模式的可行性。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象北京同仁医院青光眼滤过术后药物治疗无效合并有白内障的睫状环阻滞性青光眼患者12例12眼。方法对所有患眼优先行透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障吸出联合折叠式人工晶状体（IOL）植入术,必要时联合术中抽玻璃体水囊及房角分离术;无效者再行Nd：YAG激光晶状体后囊膜及玻璃体前界膜切开或前部玻璃体切割术。除常规检查外,手术前及手术后2周行超声生物显微镜检查。术后平均随访（15．8±5．2）个月。主要指标眼压、中央前房深度及视力变化。结果12眼中术前平均中央前房深度（0．38±0．17）mm,平均眼压（31．50±3．50）mmHg。5／12眼经单纯超声乳化白内障吸出折叠式IOL植入术联合房角分离术;5／12眼又联合Nd：YAG激光晶状体后囊膜及玻璃体前界膜切开术;2／12眼又联合前部玻璃体切割术。术后2周平均中央前房深度（2.31±0．37）mm;末次随访时平均眼压（14．60±4．80）mmHg;视力提高或不变。结论本文小样本的资料显示,药物治疗无效的睫状环阻滞性青光眼病例先行白内障超声乳化吸出术,无效者依次行Nd：YAG激光晶状体囊膜、玻璃体前界膜切开及前部玻璃体切割术的治疗模式是可行的。（眼科,2012,21：43-46）     

白内障扶贫复明术中“灌注液迷流综合征”的处理及原因分析

目的探讨总结白内障扶贫复明术中“灌注液迷流综合征”的原因及处理方法。方法本院2011-2013年间参与防盲民生工程，共有31例患者发生“灌注液迷流综合征”，临床表现为突发性眼压升高、浅前房、虹膜脱出，通过注入黏弹剂以及升高灌注瓶高度无法维持前房深度，术中检查未发现眼内出血现象，其中7例发生在水分离和水分层后，24例发生在皮质吸出过程中。所有发生灌注液迷流综合征的患者均暂停手术，给予20％甘露醇250ml静脉滴注，若经药物降压无效，可根据手术条件行经平坦部前段玻璃体切割术或玻璃体腔穿刺术，待前房形成后继续进行手术。结果31例患者中，29例经甘露醇静滴治疗后前房形成，继续完成手术，2例经药物降压仍不能形成前房，经平坦部行前段玻璃体切割术后前房形成，继续完成手术。术后1天裸眼视力0．3～1．0者为20例（20眼），视力0．1～0．3者为8例（8眼），视力0．02～0．1者为3例（3眼），眼压高于或等于21mmHg者10例（10眼），发生角膜水肿者14例（14眼）。术后1周裸眼视力0．3～1．0者为24例（24眼），视力0．1～0.3者为7例（7眼），眼压均恢复正常，无角膜水肿发生。结论小切口白内障囊外摘除术中灌注液迷流综合征是一种少见的术中并发症，经正确处理可以缓解突发性眼压升高引起的各种体征，顺利完成手术。     

超声乳化白内障吸出术后感染性眼内炎的治疗

目的:讨论超声乳化白内障吸出术后感染性眼内炎的原因和处理。方法:对3850例超声乳化白内障吸出术中5例感染性眼内炎患者进行前房冲洗及注药术,术后全身和局部应用抗菌素、激素及散瞳药。结果:5例感染性眼内炎均得到控制,1例需进行玻璃体切割术,4例进行前房冲洗术。除1例患者外,4例均获得满意的视功能恢复。结论:超声乳化白内障吸出术后眼内炎的发生,术中前房污染是最常见的致病菌来源,及时、彻底的前房冲洗注药术是有效的处理方法之一。眼科学报1999;15:124—126。     

超声乳化白内障吸出术后眼内炎病例分析

目的:讨论超声乳化白内障吸出术后感染性眼内炎的原因及处理。方法:2004/2006年间对1593例超乳术中6例感染性眼内炎患者进行玻璃体切割术 前房冲洗注药术,局部应用抗生素、激素、散瞳药物。结果:6例感染性眼内炎均得到控制,均行玻璃体切割术,6例均获得满意的视功能恢复。结论:超声乳化白内障吸出术后眼内炎的发生,前房污染为最常见的致病菌来源,玻璃体切割术 前房冲洗注药术是有效的处理方法之一。     

白内障术后眼内炎的治疗分析

目的：探讨白内障术后眼内炎的治疗方案及效果。方法：对我院2006-01/2010-12白内障摘除术＋人工晶状体植入术的21973例28722眼患者的资料（超声乳化20937例27521眼,囊外摘除术1036例1201眼）进行回顾性分析。结果：在全部术眼中,感染性眼内炎11眼,感染率为0.04%,9眼发生于超声乳化术后,2眼发生于白内障囊外摘除术后。共有5眼病原菌培养阳性,其中表皮葡萄球菌2眼,金黄色葡萄球菌,浅绿色气球菌,真菌各1眼。感染发生于白内障术后2wk以内者占73%（8/11）,房水混浊或前房积脓者行前房灌洗＋玻璃体腔注射万古霉素;前房积脓合并明显玻璃体混浊或经前房灌洗＋玻璃体腔注射万古霉素治疗观察1～2d感染加重者行前房灌洗＋玻璃体切割术。治疗后11眼均保住眼球。结论：白内障术后眼内炎经常发生于白内障术后2wk以内,经及时有效的治疗可控制感染发展,保留部分有用视力;前房灌洗＋玻璃体腔注射万古霉素必要时联合玻璃体切割术是有效的治疗方法。     

玻璃体切割术后白内障超声乳化术

目的 探讨玻璃体切割术后白内障超声乳化手术的特点、安全性和结果。方法 回顾性分析1999年7月－2000年3月本中心对21例21眼玻璃体切割术后白内障实施超声乳化手术,分析了术中的难点及并发症。共随访6－12mo。结果 玻璃体切割术后白内障手术难度大,术中易出现并发症：前房变浅瞳孔缩小者8例;悬韧带断裂晶状体坠入玻璃体腔2例;后囊膜破裂2例。术后矫正视力提高者19例（90．48％）,视力无改变2例（9．52％）。结论 玻璃体切割术后白内障手术难度高、并发症多,采用超声乳化术易于调节和稳定眼压,减少术中及术后并发症。     

抗青光眼术后浅前房的前房重建手术

目的 探讨青光眼滤过术后浅前房的手术方法和效果.方法 取17例抗青光眼术后浅前房患者经保守治疗无效,有7只眼发生脉络膜脱离,5只眼行脉络膜上腔放液+前房成形术,1只眼行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术及前房成形术,1只眼行脉络膜上腔放液+白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术+前部玻璃体切割术+前房成形术.有9只眼发生恶性青光眼,1例行抽玻璃体水囊联合前房成形术,3例行前部玻璃体切除及后囊切开联合小梁切除及丝裂霉素联合白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入及房角分离术,1例行前部玻璃体切除术中发生脉络膜脱离及脉络膜上腔出血行前部玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔放液,2只眼行前部玻璃体切除联合白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入及房角分离术,1例行前部玻璃体切除联合前房成形术,术后前房仍浅又行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入及后囊膜切开及房角分离术,1例为视网膜脱离术后硅油存留眼行白内障超声乳化联合虹膜周边切除术及前房成形术.结果 术后前房恢复时间脉络膜脱离组行脉络膜上腔放液及前房成形术平均为5.6d,恶性青光眼组行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术联合前部玻璃体切除及后囊切开组前房恢复时间最短,平均为1.1d.结论 恶性青光眼组行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术联合前部玻璃体切除及后囊切开治疗有效快速.     

灌注液错流综合征的术中鉴别与处理

目的 探讨白内障超声乳化术中灌注液错流综合征的术中鉴别与处理.方法 回顾性病例研究.2005年1月至2013年6月在施行白内障超声乳化术中突发高眼压、浅前房者中,经鉴别诊断确认的13例（13眼）灌注液错流综合征.这些病例在术中予以20％甘露醇250 ml快速静脉滴注降眼压,如果前房仍未形成再予以睫状体平坦部穿刺玻璃体腔抽液或23G玻璃体手术系统干性单通道玻璃体切除.结果 4眼经术中静脉快速滴注20％甘露醇,3眼联合睫状体平坦部玻璃体腔穿刺抽液及6眼联合睫状体平坦部23G干性玻璃体切除后前房形成,眼压下降,均能完成余下的手术操作步骤,无后囊膜破裂,无玻璃体脱出.术后第1天,术眼裸眼视力0.2者3眼,0.3～0.4者6眼,0.5～0.6者4眼;术后1周0.3～0.4者2眼,0.5～0.6者6眼,0.7～0.8者5眼.所有术眼角膜透明,前房深度正常,瞳孔圆形居中,IOL位置良好.结论 超声乳化术中发生的灌注液错流综合征可经鉴别确诊.20％甘露醇快速静脉滴注降眼压,睫状体平坦部穿刺玻璃体腔抽液尤其是23/25G玻璃体手术系统干性单通道玻璃体切除可解决其引起的各种体征,顺利完成手术操作.     

Sutureless limited vitrectomy for positive vitreous pressure in cataract surgery.

A sutureless transconjunctival pars plana vitrectomy with the 25-gauge transconjunctival vitrectomy system is used to facilitate phacoemulsification in eyes with positive posterior vitreous pressure and shallow anterior chamber. Peribulbar local anesthesia is administered. In eyes with shallow anterior chamber, if an injection of a viscoelastic substance through anterior chamber paracentesis fails to deepen the anterior chamber, a limited pars plana vitrectomy is performed to remove a small amount of retro-lental vitreous (approximately 0.2 to 0.3 cc) with a 25-gauge high-speed cutter. Phacoemulsification is subsequently performed. The limited pars plana vitrectomy reduces the chances of intraoperative vitreous loss and suprachoroidal hemorrhage. It also increases the anterior chamber depth, facilitates intraoperative steps such as pupil stretching and capsulorhexis, and results in a phacoemulsification procedure that is less complex and safer.     

超声乳化术中灌注液迷流综合征表现及治疗方法的临床观察

目的:总结白内障超声乳化手术中发生的灌注液迷流综合征的临床表现和治疗方法。方法:从2002-09/2009-12我院共8例患者术中发生灌注液迷流综合征。这些患者的临床表现为突发性眼压升高、浅前房、虹膜脱出,通过注入黏弹剂以及升高灌注瓶高度无法维持前房深度。所有患者无明显疼痛、烦躁等症状。术中及术后间接眼底镜检查均未发现暴发性脉络膜出血等眼内出血现象。8例患者中1例未予特殊处理继续进行手术操作,其余7例患者经过缝合主切口,包眼安静休息联合200g/L甘露醇注射液快速静脉点滴处理。结果:未予特殊处理的1例患者手术中发生后囊膜破裂,进行前段玻璃体切除,悬吊人工晶状体。经过处理的7例患者中1例经过处理后前房仍无法形成,故行经睫状体平坦部玻璃体腔穿刺;其余患者前房形成,其中1例患者在植入人工晶状体后眼压再次升高,未予置换残余黏弹剂。所有患者手术完成后缝合主切口1针。结论:超声乳化术中灌注液迷流综合征是一种罕见的白内障术中并发症。经过恰当处理,可以解决突发高眼压引起的各种体征,顺利完成手术操作。     

Extracapsular cataract extraction and implantation in the capsular sac during vitrectomy in diabetics]

Removal of the lens is often performed during pars plana vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, but correction of aphakia often remains unsatisfactory. Some authors have reported posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation during pars plana vitrectomy in diabetic patients who presented with coexisting cataract and vitreoretinal complications from proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Some patients were operated by pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy followed by posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in the ciliary sulcus, others by extracapsular extraction, posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in the ciliary sulcus, and pars plana vitrectomy. Other authors have described phacoemulsification through the limbus, pars plana vitrectomy and implantation in the capsular bag in one operation in various indications, including complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. We inserted a posterior chamber intraocular lens into the capsular bag in 18 eyes of 16 patients with complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy after extracapsular cataract extraction and pars plana vitrectomy in a single session. A standard extracapsular cataract extraction was performed before pars plana vitrectomy. Sufficient anterior capsule was left in place in order to facilitate implantation in the capsular bag after pars plana vitrectomy. The anterior chamber was filled with sodium hyaluronate in order to maintain anterior chamber depth, corneal clarity, and good mydriasis during the continuation of the procedure. A standard three port pars plana vitrectomy was performed in all cases. After closure of superior sclerotomies, superior corneal incision was partially reopened, an intraocular lens specifically designed for the capsular bag with an optic size of 7 mm was inserted, and the corneal incision was closed with interrupted 10/0 sutures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Comparison of clinical complications in a combined versus two-step surgical approach

Purpose To report intra-and postoperative complications in pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. A comparison of the combined versus two step surgical approach is given.Method Medical records and operative notes of 111 eyes with combined surgery and 50 eyes with sequential surgery were retrospectively analysed. Subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate differences in disease groups, the use of endotamponading or endolaser and cryocoagulation. Postoperative follow-up time was between 3 and 18 months.Results Combined surgery: 64 eyes (57.5%) showed no complications. 17 eyes (15.3%) showed transient intraocular pressure rise, 17 eyes (15.3%) fibrinous exudation in the anterior chamber. Posterior capsule tears occurred in 7 eyes (6,3%), formation of posterior synechia was observed in 7 eyes (6.3%). IOL dislocation was seen in 3 eyes (2.7%), heavy covering of macrophages in 3 eyes (2,7%). Rare complications included silicon oil efflux into the anterior chamber (1.8%), anterior chamber hemorrhage (1,8%) and iris incarceration into the corneoscleral incision (0,9%). One eye needed explantation of the IOL during the follow-up. Sequential surgery: 31 eyes (62%) showed no complication. Transient intraocular pressure rise occurred in 14 eyes (28%), fibrinous exudation in 2 eyes (4%). Formation of posterior synechia was observed in 1 eye (2%), posterior capsule tears occurred in 4 eyes (8%). Dislocation of the IOL was seen in 1 eye (2%). Subgroup analysis revealed fibrinous exudation in the anterior chamber to be significantly more frequent after combined surgery, particularly in cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.Conclusion Combined pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation as well as the two-step procedure are safe and effective. Sequential surgery could be advantageous to minimize the postoperative anterior chamber inflammatory response.     

Multiple methods of surgical treatment combined with primary IOL implantation on traumatic lens subluxation/dislocation in patients with secondary glaucoma

METHODS:Non-comparative retrospective observational case series. Participants:30 cases (30 eyes) of lens subluxation/dislocation in patients with secondary glaucoma were investigated which accepted the surgical treatment by author in the Ophthalmology of Xi'an No.4 Hospital from 2007 to 2011. According to the different situations of lens subluxation/dislocation, various surgical procedures were performed such as crystalline lens phacoemulsification, crystalline lens phacoemulsification combined anterior vitrectomy, intracapsular cataract extraction combined anterior vitrectomy, lensectomy combined anterior vitrectomy though peripheral transparent cornea incision, pars plana lensectomy combined pars plana vitrectomy, and intravitreal cavity crystalline lens phacofragmentation combined pars plana vitrectomy. And whether to implement trabeculectomy depended on the different situations of secondary glaucoma. The posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PC-IOLs) were implanted in the capsular-bag or trassclerally sutured in the sulus decided by whether the capsular were present. Main outcome measures:visual acuity, intraocular pressure, the situation of intraocular lens and complications after the operations.RESULTS: The follow-up time was 11-36mo (21.4±7.13). Postoperative visual acuity of all eyes were improved; 28 cases maintained IOP below 21 mm Hg; 2 cases had slightly IOL subluxation, 4 cases had slightly tilted lens optical area; 1 case had postoperative choroidal detachment; 4 cases had postoperative corneal edema more than 1wk, but eventually recovered transparent; 2 cases had mild postoperative vitreous hemorrhage, and absorbed 4wk later. There was no postoperative retinal detachment, IOL dislocation, and endophthalmitis.CONCLUSION:To take early treatment of traumatic lens subluxation/dislocation in patients with secondary glaucoma by individual surgical plan based on the different eye conditions would be safe and effective, which can effectively control the intraocular pressure and restore some vision.     

睫状体平坦部青光眼阀植入联合玻璃体切除全视网膜光凝治疗新生血管性青光眼的临床观察

目的:评估平坦部青光眼阀植入联合玻璃体切除全视网膜光凝术治疗继发性闭角型新生血管性青光眼(neovascular glaucoma,NVG)的临床效果。方法:对2007-05/2008-08在我科治疗的连续伴玻璃体积血的继发性闭角型NVG患者14例16眼行玻璃体切除视网膜光凝联合平坦部青光眼阀植入术并随访观察。结果:术后追踪随访3～13(平均7.3)mo。16只术眼中,除3眼外视力均不同程度提高。经秩和检验术前和术后两组相差显著。眼压由术前用降压药后的38～67(平均48.5±9.3)mmHg降至15.6～25.3(平均16.5±6.9)mmHg,两组相差有统计学意义。4眼出现术后并发症。其中2眼角膜水肿、前房炎症。1眼脉络膜脱离。经药物对症治疗后缓解。1眼出现医源性白内障。结论:玻璃体切除全视网膜光凝联合平坦部青光眼阀植入术是有效和安全的。特别是对于伴浅前房的NVG患者是一种新的治疗选择。     

Aqueous misdirection after glaucoma drainage device implantation.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation, outcome, and possible underlying mechanism of aqueous misdirection after glaucoma drainage device implantation. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Ten eyes (five primary open-angle glaucoma, four chronic angle-closure glaucoma, one nanophthalmos) of nine patients with a mean age of 68.5+/-12.0 years (range, 43-83 years). INTERVENTION: The authors reviewed the medical records of all patients with a clinical diagnosis of aqueous misdirection after Baerveldt glaucoma drainage device implantation at two tertiary care referral centers from October 1992 to October 1997. Surgery was performed in a standardized fashion; all drainage tubes were inserted in the anterior chamber and occluded with an external 7-0 polyglactin ligature. All eyes were treated with topical corticosteroids, cycloplegia, and aqueous suppressants. Eyes with persistent aqueous misdirection received neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) hyaloidotomy or pars plana vitrectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, biomicroscopic anterior chamber depth, and antiglaucomatous medication. RESULTS: All eyes had axial shallowing of the anterior chamber, one or more patent iridotomies, and no ophthalmoscopic or B-scan ultrasonographic evidence of serous or hemorrhagic ciliochoroidal detachment. Median time to the development of angle-closure glaucoma was 33.5 days (range, 1-343 days) and mean intraocular pressure at diagnosis was 27.7+/-18.7 mm Hg (range, 10-62 mm Hg). Normalization of anterior segment anatomy was achieved with aqueous suppression and cycloplegia (one eye); Nd:YAG capsulotomy (four eyes); pars plana vitrectomy alone (two eyes) or with lensectomy (one eye), and pars plana vitrectomy with intraocular lens explanation (two eyes). Mean final intraocular pressure was 14.1+/-6.0 mmHg at a mean follow-up of 9.1+/-7.8 months after the development of aqueous misdirection (range, 1-23 months). CONCLUSIONS: Aqueous misdirection may develop days to months after glaucoma drainage device implantation. In this series, there was a poor response to medical therapy, and normalization in anterior chamber depth required aggressive laser and surgical therapy.     

Management of vitreous loss during cataract surgery under topical anesthesia with transconjunctival vitrectomy system

PURPOSE: A new technique to manage posterior capsular rupture with vitreous prolapse into the anterior chamber during phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia using the sutureless self-sealing 25-gauge transconjuctival vitrectomy system. METHOD: In the event of vitreous prolapse into the anterior chamber, the corneal wound is sutured and cleared of vitreous. A trans conjunctival 25-gauge sclerotomy through the pars plana is made. The high speed 25-guage trans-conjunctival vitrectomy system (TVS-25) under topical anesthesia is introduced and vitrectomy is performed to clear the anterior chamber of vitreous. An anterior vitrectomy is also done. A foldable intraocular lens is subsequently inserted. RESULTS: The vitrectomy is performed in a closed chamber maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The high-speed cutter exerts minimal traction on the vitreous. The accessibility to vitreous improves through the pars plana route ensuring more complete removal of the vitreous and restoration of normal anatomy. Topical anesthesia avoids the risks of globe perforation, retrobulbar hemorrhage, and prolonged postoperative akinesia of the eye. CONCLUSIONS: The 25-gauge pars plana incision is small and self-sealing. This makes the procedure fast, effective, painless and safe.