淋球菌对抗生素耐药性研究

目的:研究广州地区2001年度分离的淋球菌对青霉素、四环素、壮观霉素、头孢曲松和环丙沙星的耐药性。分析耐药菌株的流行特点。方法:采用琼脂稀释法测定菌株对5种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),判断敏感性按WHO西太区淋球菌耐药性监测统一标准。用纸片酸度法检测产青霉素酶淋球菌(PPNG)菌株。结果:153株淋球菌中检出127株对青霉素耐药(83.0％),产青霉素酶淋球菌(PPNG)占17.0％(26/153);四环素耐药129株(84.3％);其中质粒介导高度耐四环素淋球菌菌株(TRNG)占总数的24.1％(37/153);环丙沙星耐药117株(76.5％),其中92株同时对青霉素和四环素有耐药性,三重耐药占60.1％;壮观霉素和头孢曲松敏感性最高,分别为100.0％和81.0％。结论:淋球菌对青霉素、四环素和环丙沙星耐药率较高;壮观霉素和头孢曲松敏感,应作为临床的首选药物。     

珠海地区淋球菌对抗生素的耐药性分析

目的:了解珠海地区2010年度分离的淋球菌对青霉素、四环素、大观霉素、头孢曲松和环丙沙星的耐药性,分析产β-内酰胺酶淋球菌(PPNG)和四环素高度耐药淋球菌(TRNG)的流行状况。方法:采用琼脂稀释法测定菌株对5种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度(MIC);用纸片酸度法检测产β-内酰胺酶(PPNG)菌株。结果:105株淋球菌检出PPNG 33株(31.4%),TRNG 51株(48.6%);青霉素耐药率为60.1%,环丙沙星耐药率为100%,四环素耐药率为93.3%,其中同时对青霉素、四环素和环丙沙星三重耐药的有62株(59.1%);未发现大观霉素和头孢曲松耐药株,敏感性分别为100%和62.9%。结论:淋球菌对青霉素、四环素和环丙沙星的耐药率较高,壮观霉素和头孢曲松为珠海地区治疗淋病的首选药物。     

珠海地区淋球菌对抗生素的耐药性分析

目的:了解珠海地区2010年度分离的淋球菌对青霉素、四环素、大观霉素、头孢曲松和环丙沙星的耐药性,分析产β-内酰胺酶淋球菌(PPNG)和四环素高度耐药淋球菌(TRNG)的流行状况.方法:采用琼脂稀释法测定菌株对5种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度(MIC);用纸片酸度法检测产β-内酰胺酶(PPNG)菌株.结果:105株淋球菌检出PPNG 33株(31 4%),TRNG 51株(48 6%);青霉素耐药率为60 1%,环丙沙星耐药率为100%,四环素耐药率为93 3%,其中同时对青霉素、四环素和环丙沙星三重耐药的有62株(59 1%);未发现大观霉素和头孢曲松耐药株,敏感性分别为100%和62 9%.结论:淋球菌对青霉素、四环素和环丙沙星的耐药率较高,壮观霉素和头孢曲松为珠海地区治疗淋病的首选药物.     

淋球菌流行株对阿奇霉素等7种抗菌药物敏感性的检测

目的:检测2013年度本地区临床分离的淋球菌流行株对青霉素、四环素、大观霉素、头孢曲松、环丙沙星、头孢克肟和阿奇霉素等7种抗菌药物的敏感性,分析耐药菌株的流行特点。方法:采用琼脂稀释法测定85株菌株对7种抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),判断敏感性按WHO西太平洋区淋球菌耐药性监测统一标准。用纸片酸度法检测产β-内酰胺酶淋球菌(PPNG)菌株。结果:85株淋球菌中检出68株对青霉素耐药(80%),产β-内酰胺酶淋球菌(PPNG)32株(37.6%);四环素耐药率为84.7%,其中质粒介导高度耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)34株,占40%;环丙沙星和阿奇霉素的耐药率分别为97.6%和3.5%。未发现对头孢曲松、头孢克肟、大观霉素耐药菌株,但头孢曲松和头孢克肟敏感性降低的菌株分别为16.5%和5.9%。青霉素、四环素和环丙沙星的MIC50及MIC90均已超过耐药标准,青霉素和四环素MIC50及MIC90均大于耐药标准的32倍。结论:淋球菌对青霉素、四环素和环丙沙星耐药率较高,对大观霉素、头孢曲松和头孢克肟的敏感性较高,出现阿奇霉素的耐药株。     

淋球菌对抗生素耐药性的结果分析

目的：了解淋球菌对5种抗生素的耐药情况。方法：对2000－2001年广西南宁地区分离的160株淋球菌，在系统鉴定的基础上，以琼脂稀释法测定了对青霉素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松、大观霉素和四环素的最小抑菌浓度（MIC），并根据世界卫生组织（WHO）标准判定其敏感、中度敏感及耐药性。结果：在检测的160株淋球菌菌株中，产青霉素酶淋球菌（PPNG）阳性率为4．4％，青霉素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松、大观霉素、四环素耐药率分别为78．1％、91．9％、3．1％、0．6％和48．1％。结论：南宁地区淋球菌耐药以环丙沙星为甚，青霉素和四环素次之，也出现了个别耐头孢曲松和耐大观霉素的淋球菌菌株。     

上海地区淋球菌临床分离株对不同抗生素的敏感性分析

目的了解上海地区淋球菌临床分离株对抗生素的敏感性。方法收集临床淋球菌80株,采用琼脂平皿稀释法测定青霉素、头孢曲松、四环素、多西环素、氧氟沙星、洛美沙星、环丙沙星、阿奇霉素和壮观霉素对淋球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),用纸片酸度法测定β-内酰胺酶,并根据检测结果进行聚类分析。结果所有菌株均对头孢曲松和壮观霉素敏感;其中87.5%对青霉素耐药,88.7%对四环素耐药,产青霉素酶的淋球菌(PPNG)和高水平耐四环素的淋球菌(TRNG)分别占45%和18.8%;对阿奇霉素的耐药率为94.7%;对氧氟沙星、洛美沙星和环丙沙星的耐药率分别为97.5%,95.0%和95.0%;依据监测结果将菌株分成四类,将抗生素分成三类。结论所检测的上海地区80株淋球菌临床分离株的耐药性较为严重,应加强淋球菌耐药性的连续性监测。     

淋球菌流行株抗生素敏感性监测

目的：监测广州地区2007年度分离的淋球菌对青霉素、四环素、大观霉素、头孢曲松和环丙沙星的敏感性，分析耐药菌株的流行特点。方法：采用琼脂稀释法测定菌株对5种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度（MIC），判断敏感性按WHO西太区淋球菌耐药性监测统一标准。用纸片酸度法检测产β-内酰胺酶淋球菌（PPNG）菌株。结果：123株淋球菌中检出115株对青霉素耐药（93，5％），产β-内酰胺酶淋球菌（PPNG）39株（占31．7％）；四环素耐药率为87％，其中质粒介导高度耐四环素淋球菌（TRNG）为72株，占58、5％；环丙沙星耐药率为91，1％；未发现对大观霉素和头孢曲松耐药菌株。青霉素、四环素和环丙沙星的MIC50及MIC90均已超过耐药标准，尤以青霉素为甚，其MIC508及MIC90均超过耐药标准的8倍和大于32倍。结论：淋球菌对大观霉素和头孢曲松的敏感性较高，可作为治疗的首选药物，对青霉素、四环素和环丙沙星耐药率较高，提示对淋病的治疗作用差。     

1993～ 1998年中国十城市分离的淋球菌对抗生素的敏感性监测

目的 研究我国1993－1998年分离的淋球菌对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、大观霉素和头孢曲松的敏感性,作为制定治疗方案和防治对策的参考依据。方法 测定菌株对抗生素的敏感性用琼脂稀释法,测定产霉素酶淋球菌菌株用纸片酸度法。结果 6年来,共检测了3186株淋球菌对抗生素的敏感性。发现青霉素的耐药菌百分率为66．70％,产青霉素酶淋球菌菌株占8．14％;对四环素的耐药菌株占93．02％,高度耐药的四环素耐药淋球菌菌株占4．65％。结论 我国近6年分离的淋球菌对青霉素、四环素和环丙沙星耐经菌百分率较高,对大观霉素和头孢曲松仍较敏感。     

2001～2006年福州地区淋球菌耐药监测结果

为研究福州地区2001~2006年分离的淋球菌对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、大观霉素和头孢曲松的敏感性,制定治疗方案和防治对策的参考依据,共监测了1206株淋球菌对抗菌药物的敏感性,测定菌株对抗菌药物的敏感性用琼脂稀释法,测定产青霉素酶淋球菌菌株用纸片酸度法。发现产青霉素酶的菌株(PPNG)258株,占21.39%。质粒介导的高度耐四环素菌株(TRNG)260株占21.56%。本地区PPNG菌株及质粒介导的高度耐四环素菌株呈明显上升趋势。环丙沙星耐药1163株占96.43%。淋球菌对大观霉素和头孢曲松仍较敏感。     

淋球菌对五种抗菌药物的敏感性测定及营养型分布

为了解淋球菌分离株耐药的比率及特性，以评价现行淋病治疗方案的有效性及药物敏感性与营养型之间的关系，我们对１９９４年７月至１９９５年６月由四个城市性病门诊患者分离的３９０株淋球菌作了抗菌药物敏感性及营养型测定。以琼脂稀释法测定了５种监测抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）。５株为产青霉素酶淋球菌（ＰＰＮＧ）。染色体介导的耐青霉素及耐四环素的菌株（ＭＩＣ≥１ｍｇ／Ｌ）分别为３１４株（８０．５１％）及３７２株（９５．３８％）。４４株（１１．２８％）对环丙沙星耐药（ＭＩＣ≥１ｍｇ／Ｌ）。３８９株（９９．７４％）对壮观霉素敏感（ＭＩＣ≤３２ｍｇ／Ｌ）。全部分离株对头孢三嗪敏感。４０株（１０．２６％）为多重耐药菌株，同时对青霉素、四环素及环丙沙星耐药。３９０株淋球菌中存在８种营养型，以需脯氨酸及原型菌株占优势。需脯氨酸的菌株对环丙沙星的敏感性低于原型菌株。本研究表明，耐青霉素及四环素的菌株比率较高，出现对环丙沙星耐药的菌株。持续性监测淋球菌对抗菌药物的敏感性十分重要。     

Analysis of the antibiotic sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Guangzhou, Peoples Republic of China

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted diseases began to re-emerge in China in the mid 1980s. During the last one and a half decades, Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection has become one of the three most common sexually transmitted diseases in China. At present, resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae are increasing each year. This study was undertaken to better understand the sensitivity of five antibiotics to N. gonorrhoeae isolates in Guangzhou, China. GOAL: To determine the frequency and diversity of antibiotic resistance, particularly to penicillin and tetracycline, on gonococcal strains in Guangzhou. STUDY DESIGN: Strains of N. gonorrhoeae isolates from 203 patients with uncomplicated urethral gonococcal infections from Guangzhou, China were reviewed from September 1997 to August 1998. All strains were characterized with five different antimicrobials for sensitivity, including penicillin, tetracycline, spectinomycin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone. RESULTS: Penicillin resistance was present in 121 of 203 isolated strains (59.6%). The plasmid-mediated strains and chromosome-mediated strains among the penicillin-resistant strains that were resistance to penicillin were 5.8% and 94.2%, respectively. Plasmid-mediated strains resistant to penicillin and tetracycline were each 3.4%. Most isolated strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin, accounting for 60.6%. All strains were sensitive to spectinomycin and ceftriaxone. CONCLUSION: N. gonorrhoeae isolates exhibited a high rate of resistance to penicillin and ciprofloxacin. Spectinomycin highly effective for penicillin-producing N. gonorrhoeae, tetracycline-resistant N. gonorrhoeae and the highly resistant strains of ciprofloxacin.     

淋球菌耐药监测15年

目的:了解我国1987～2001年淋病流行中的淋球菌对抗生素的敏感性,为修改淋病治疗方案和制订防治策略提供依据.方法:用琼脂稀释法检测淋球菌对WHO规定的5种核心抗生素的敏感性,用纸片酸度法测定淋球菌产青霉素酶(PPNG)菌株.结果:15年来用琼脂稀释法共检测了7583株菌,青霉素耐药株5399株,占71.20%;PPNG株占17.71%(1056/5964).四环素的耐药株占92.61%(1090/1177);由质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋球茵茵株(TRNG)占14.03%(811/5779).对环丙沙星的耐药性迅速增高,占61.12%(3311/5417).对大观霉素和头孢曲松的耐药菌百分率较低,分别为0.41%(26/6342)和0.39%(23/5853).对南京地区1993～1995年和1999～2001年大观霉素和头孢曲松对淋球菌的MIC50作了比较,结果显示MIC50值并无明显变化.结论:我国近15年流行的淋球菌对青霉素、四环素和环丙沙星的耐药性相当高,而对大观霉素和头孢曲松仍较敏感.为了防止淋球菌耐药菌株的进一步传播应强调对淋病病人进行范围治疗.     

淋球菌流行株对抗生素敏感性的研究

目的 了解淋球菌流行株对抗生素的敏感性。方法 对１９９８年～１９９９年间广东省湛江地区分离出的９８株淋球菌流行株,在系统鉴定的基础上,进行了抗生素敏感性的测定,以琼脂稀释法测定了青霉素、四环素、壮观霉素、头孢三嗪和环丙沙星的最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）,并根据ＣＤＣ标准判定敏感、中度敏感及耐药。结果 青霉素、四环素、壮观霉素、头孢三嗪及环丙沙星耐药率分别为２３．９２％、４９．４５％、１１．１１％、１６．     

淋球菌130株对7种抗生素的耐药性结果分析

目的了解2018年本单位淋球菌对7种抗生素耐药趋势及产青霉素酶淋球菌(PPNG)和质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)流行情况。方法琼脂稀释法测定青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、大观霉素、阿奇霉素、头孢曲松、头孢克肟的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的标准判定其敏感性;用纸片碘量法检测β-内酰胺酶。结果 130株淋球菌检出PPNG达43.85%(57/130),(TRNG)达22.31%(29/130),环丙沙星耐药率高达96.92%(126/130),阿奇霉素耐药率达16.15%(21/130),大观霉素未发现耐药菌,头孢曲松、头孢克肟敏感率都是90.77%(118/130),中度敏感率达9.23%(12/130)。结论头孢曲松、头孢克肟、大观霉素都未见耐药菌株,仍可推荐为广州地区淋病患者首选药物,但前二者中度敏感率呈动态变化,提示临床应长期监测耐药性动态变化的重要性。     

Surveillance of antibiotic resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in China, 1993-1998

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) has been increasing in China since the 1980s. Because gonorrhea is the most frequently reported STD there, information on the antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae will aid in its control. GOAL: To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of N gonorrhoeae isolates in China and to provide data for formulation of treatment guidelines and control policies. METHODS: The agar dilution technique was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility, and acidimetric method was used to test for penicillinase-producing N gonorrhoeae. RESULTS: A total of 3186 gonococcal isolates were tested during the 6-year study period. The rate of resistance to penicillin was 66.70%; 8.14% of isolates were penicillinase-producing N gonorrhoeae. The percentage of tetracycline-resistant isolates was 92.03%, and that of highly tetracycline-resistant isolates was 4.65%. The rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin was also relatively high (34.25%). The rates of resistance to spectinomycin and ceftriaxone were 0.44% and 0.57%. CONCLUSIONS: The gonococcal isolates in China are relatively highly resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin, but most of them are still susceptible to spectinomycin and ceftriaxone. Standardized treatment of gonorrhea is needed to prevent further spread of resistant gonococcal strains.     

Alarming increase in ciprofloxacin- and penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in New Delhi,India

BACKGROUND: Resistance of ciprofloxacin has been reported in several regions of the world, including India. In India, ciprofloxacin is still being used as single-dose treatment for gonorrhea. GOAL: The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from patients with acute gonococcal urethritis in New Delhi. STUDY DESIGN: By means of disc diffusion, we determined the susceptibility profiles of N gonorrhoeae isolates, determined the MICs of ciprofloxacin, penicillin, and ceftriaxone, and compared our data with previous findings. RESULTS: On the basis of MIC values, 35.3% and 52.9% of strains were found to be resistant and less sensitive, respectively, to penicillin; 67.3% and 28.2% strains were observed to be resistant and less sensitive, respectively, to ciprofloxacin. Only one isolate (5.9%) was found to be less sensitive to ceftriaxone. CONCLUSION: The significant increase in ciprofloxacin resistance in the current study indicates that resistance has developed under selective antibiotic pressure.     

100株淋球菌对7种抗生素的耐药性结果分析

 目的:监测2019年本单位淋球菌对7种抗生素的耐药性趋势及产青霉素酶淋球菌(PPNG)和质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)流行情况,为临床有效选择抗生素提供实验室依据。方法：收集本单位门诊临床分离培养的100株淋球菌,用琼脂稀释法测定青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、大观霉素、阿奇霉素、头孢曲松、头孢克肟的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）;用纸片碘量法检测β 内酰胺酶。结果：产青霉素酶淋球菌（PPNG）株占35％（35/100）,质粒介导的高度耐四环素淋球菌（TRNG）株占32％（32/100）。环丙沙星和青霉素的耐药率分别高达99％（99/100）、93%（93/100）。阿奇霉素耐药率达10%（10/100）。头孢曲松和头孢克肟未见耐药菌株,低敏率分别为22%（22/100）和19%（19/100）,敏感率分别为78%（78/100）和81%（81/100）。大观霉素未发现耐药菌株和低敏菌株。结论：头孢曲松、头孢克肟、大观霉素仍可推荐为广州地区淋病患者首选药物。建议临床制定合理抗菌治疗方案以提供科学指导时,应长期监测淋球菌耐药性。     

The epidemiology of ciprofloxacin resistant isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Scotland 2002: a comparison of phenotypic and genotypic analysis

OBJECTIVES: To characterise all isolates with reduced susceptibility or resistance to ciprofloxacin received by the Scottish Neisseria gonorrhoeae Reference Laboratory (SNGRL) in 2002 using N gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST); to compare NG-MAST with conventional typing and to describe the epidemiology of ciprofloxacin resistant gonorrhoea in Scotland in 2002. METHODS: Isolates were characterised on receipt by auxotyping and serotyping (A/S typing), and antibiotic susceptibility testing, and retrospectively by NG-MAST. Epidemiological data were requested for all isolates in the study. RESULTS: The 106 isolates were separated into more sequence types (ST) than A/S classes (44 versus 17). All isolates within a sequence type had the same serotype, were homogeneous with respect to ciprofloxacin resistance category, but were sometimes heterogeneous with respect to auxotype or plasmid borne resistance to penicillin. Combined NG-MAST and epidemiological data revealed sustained transmission of several gonococcal strains predominantly within Greater Glasgow and Lothian. Clusters of isolates were associated with transmission within the United Kingdom, whereas isolates with unique STs were associated with foreign travel (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: NG-MAST is more discriminatory than A/S typing. Ciprofloxacin resistant gonococcal isolates in Scotland are heterogeneous, with endemic spread of some strains occurring predominantly in Greater Glasgow and Lothian.     

1996-2001年广州地区淋球菌耐药性和质粒介导耐药株流行趋势

目的：研究1996-2001年广州地区淋还需菌耐药性和质粒介导耐药株流行趋势。方法：采用琼脂稀释法测定淋球菌的抗生素耐药物和质粒介导的四环素耐药淋球菌（TRNG），用纸片酸度法测定质粒介导的产青霉素酶淋球菌（PPNG）。结果：6年来，共检测了793株临床分离的淋球菌菌株，发现青霉素的耐药率由1996年的57.2％上升到2001年的81.8％，PPNG的流行率由由2％升至21.8％；四环素耐药率较高且稳定，但TRNG流行率由1996年1.5％增至2001年的27.2％。结论：广州地区质粒介导的青霉素和四环素耐药株流行率呈现逐年上升趋势，已成为这些抗生素耐药株的高流行区。