瑞芬太尼后处理对兔缺血再灌注损伤脊髓的影响

目的：探讨瑞芬太尼后处理对兔脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法选取36只雄性日本大耳白兔随机分为3组,每组12只,分别为假手术对照组（S组）、缺血/再灌注损伤组（C组）、瑞芬太尼后处理组（R组）。再灌注24 h后处死动物,取L3～5组织标本,原位细胞凋亡法测定细胞凋亡的情况,电镜下观察病理学结果,羟胺法测定脊髓组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）含量,硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果缺血再灌注后24 h,与S组比较,C组凋亡细胞明显增多（P＜0.05）,脊髓组织病理学损伤程度明显加重,脊髓MDA含量明显增加,SOD含量明显降低（P＜0.05）;与C组比较,R组脊髓组织病理学损伤程度明显减轻,凋亡细胞明显减少（P＜0.05）,脊髓MDA含量明显降低,SOD含量明显增加（P＜0.05）。结论瑞芬太尼能减轻兔脊髓缺血再灌注损伤,抑制神经细胞凋亡坏死,具有脊髓保护作用。     

缺血后处理对大鼠缺血/再灌注心肌热休克蛋白的影响

目的:研究缺血后处理对大鼠缺血/再灌注心肌热休克蛋白(HSP70)的影响。方法:选择健康SD大鼠48只,随机分为3组：假手术组、缺血再灌注组（对照组）和缺血后处理组,每组16只。制备大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注模型。缺血再灌注组,收紧结扎线缺血40 min, 放松结扎线再灌注240min;缺血后处理组,缺血40 min后, 再灌注10s,缺血10s,连续3个循环,然后再灌注240min;假手术组,开胸后穿线做套环,但不收紧结扎线。免疫组织化学染色检测HSP70的表达,TUNEL 法检测心肌细胞凋亡指数,同时测定血清肌酸激酶活性。结果:①血清肌酸激酶活性测定：再灌注结束后缺血后处理组和缺血再灌注组肌酸激酶活性明显高于假手术组,分别为（712.13±42.77）,（935.17±57.99）,（282.74±29.54）U/L,P＜0.05,缺血后处理组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05)。②心肌凋亡细胞计数：再灌注结束后假手术组未见明显细胞凋亡（＜5%）,缺血后处理组心肌细胞凋亡率明显低于缺血再灌注组,分别为（14.3±2.7）%,（22.3±3.6）%,（P＜0.05）。③心肌热休克蛋白表达：缺血后处理组较对照组心肌热休克蛋白表达增强（P＜0.05）。结论:缺血后处理可减轻缺血再灌注损伤,其机制可能与增强热休克蛋白表达,减少心肌细胞凋亡有关。     

ω-3脂肪酸后处理保护大鼠心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的血流动力学及形态学研究

目的 观察ω-3脂肪酸后处理对大鼠离体心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用,并探讨其可能的机制.方法 SD大鼠40只,随机分为4组:持续灌注组(Con组)、缺血-再灌注组(I-R组)、缺血后处理组(Post组)和ω-3脂肪酸后处理组(Post-ω组).Con组持续灌注150 min,其余各组均平衡灌注30 min,全心缺血30 min,再灌注90 min,Post组在再灌注开始前进行4个循环的复灌20 s/缺血20 s,Post-ω组在再灌注开始前用ω-3脂肪酸灌注15 min.记录平衡灌注末及再灌注30、60、90 min时左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室发展压(LVDP)、左室内压上升最大速率(+dp/dtmax)、左室内压下降最大速率(-dp/dtmax)、心率(HR).复灌结束后,TTC染色计算心肌梗死面积,透射电镜下观察心肌线粒体形态结构的改变.结果 与I-R组比较,Post-ω组可显著增加复灌30、60、90 min +dp/dtmax (P＜0.01)和-dp/dtmax(P＜0.05).与I-R组比较,Post、Post-ω组心肌梗死面积显著缩小(P＜0.05).与I-R组比较,Post组、Post-ω组大鼠心肌线粒体损伤程度减轻.结论 ω-3脂肪酸后处理可提高离体大鼠心肌舒缩力,可能通过减少心肌梗死面积以及减轻心肌细胞线粒体损伤改善离体大鼠心肌缺血-再灌注损伤.     

环磷腺苷葡胺对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤后细胞凋亡和NF—kB表达的影响

目的观察环磷腺苷葡胺对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤后细胞凋亡及NF—kB表达的影响。方法30只SD大鼠随机等分为3组：对照组为假手术组仅进行开胸手术；缺血再灌注组心肌缺血30min，再灌注100min；环磷腺苷葡胺注射组在心肌缺血前静脉输注环磷腺苷葡胺2mg／kg。心肌细胞凋亡和NF-KB表达分别采用TUNEL法和免疫组织化学方法检测。结果环磷腺苷葡胺注射组大鼠心肌细胞凋亡指数及心肌组织中NF—kB表达明显低于缺血再灌注组（P〈0．01），但高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论应用环磷腺苷葡胺注射液可明显降低缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的心肌细胞凋亡和NF-kB表达。     

舒芬太尼预处理对缺血再灌注大鼠心肌梗死范围及心肌酶的影响

目的:探讨舒芬太尼预处理(SPC)对缺血再灌注(IR)大鼠心肌的保护作用.方法:采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支法制备心肌IR模型,评价IR前后各实验组不同时间点心功能变化,再灌注心律失常严重程度,并计算心肌梗死范围(IS/AAR),测定血清心肌酶CK、CK.MB、LDH及观察心肌组织病理学改变.结果:再灌注后SPC组和缺血预处理(IPC)组心律失常严重程度评分及IS/AAR,心肌酶均低于I/R组(P＜0.05或0.01).且心肌组织超微结构损伤轻微.但与假手术组比较心肌酶浓度则有不同程度升高(P＜0.05或0.01).结论:舒芬太尼预处理具有IPC样减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用.     

左旋卡尼汀预处理对大鼠移植心脏缺血再灌注时心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的：探讨左旋卡尼汀（L-CN）-N处理对移植心脏再灌注时细胞凋亡的影响。方法：采用大鼠心脏移植模型，随机分为3组：正常组（A组）、对照组（B组）、和实验组（C组）。术后3h测定各组心肌TNFα的含量度心肌含水量，检测心肌细胞凋亡指数。结果；与A组相比，B组和C组心肌TNFα、心肌含水量和心肌细胞凋亡指数均明显升高（P〈0．05）。与B组相比，C组心肌TNFα、心肌含水量及心肌细胞凋亡指数均明显降低（P〈0．05）。结论：左旋卡尼汀预处理能有效抑制心肌TNFα的表达，减轻心肌水肿，抑制心肌细胞凋亡，从而减轻心肌再灌注损伤。     

吗啡后处理对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌线粒体膜通透转运孔的影响

目的 观察吗啡后处理对雄性大鼠缺血再灌注心肌细胞线粒体膜通透转运孔（MPTP）的影响。方法 S‐D雄性大鼠48只,体质量170～260 g ,随机分为4组（ n ＝12）：①假手术组（C组）,②缺血再灌注组（I／R组）,③吗啡后处理组（MP组）,④吗啡＋苍术苷组（MAP组）。采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min再灌注90 min的方法建立心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。再灌注结束后,HE染色观察心肌细胞结构,检测心肌梗死区／缺血区（IS／AAR）梗死百分比、心肌组织丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果 与I／R组比较,MP组血流动力学显著改善,心肌梗死百分比 IS／AAR％和 MDA 含量显著降低,而 MAP组与 MP组比较,心肌梗死面积（IS／AAR）和MDA含量显著增高。结论 吗啡后处理可显著减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤;线粒体膜通透性转运孔M PT P可能是吗啡后处理心肌保护的作用通路。     

蛇床子素后处理对大鼠心肌急性缺血/再灌注损伤心肌细胞凋亡的影响及其可能机制

目的观察蛇床子素后处理对大鼠心肌急性缺血/再灌注损伤心肌细胞凋亡的影响,并对其可能的作用机制进行探讨。方法结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支30 min后,松开结扎线再灌注120 min制备急性心肌缺血/再灌注损伤模型;将30只Wistar大鼠随机分为以下3组:对照(Sham)组、缺血/再灌注(I/R)组、I/R+蛇床子素后处理(Ost)组。采用TUNEL法原位标记缺血区凋亡心肌细胞并计算凋亡指数,采用Western blot法检测心肌组织中Caspase-3、Bcl-2及Bax三种蛋白的表达。结果与Sham组相比,I/R组心肌细胞凋亡指数、心肌组织Caspase-3蛋白、Bcl-2蛋白和Bax蛋白含量明显增高(均P<0.05);与I/R组相比,Ost组心肌细胞凋亡指数(P<0.05)、心肌组织Caspase-3蛋白(P<0.01)及Bax蛋白表达水平均降低(P<0.05),而Bcl-2蛋白表达水平明显增高(P<0.05)。结论蛇床子素后处理能抑制急性心肌缺血/再灌注损伤所致的大鼠心肌细胞凋亡,同时上调心肌组织中Bcl-2蛋白的表达及下调心肌组织中Bax蛋白的表达,提示上调Bcl-2蛋白及下调Bax蛋白、进而上调Bcl-2/Bax比值可能是其发挥抗心肌细胞凋亡作用的机制。     

缺血后处理对心肌缺血再灌注损伤过程中内质网应激的影响

目的探讨缺血后处理对心肌缺血再灌注损伤(myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,MIRI)中细胞凋亡及特异性内质网应激损伤相关蛋白葡萄糖调节蛋白78(glucose regulated protein 78,GRP78)和半胱氨酸蛋白酶12(cysterine protease-12,caspase-12)表达水平的影响和意义。方法 Wistar大鼠24只随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组和缺血后处理组,每组8只。采用改良Pferfer MA推管法制备大鼠缺血再灌注模型,假手术组于左冠状动脉前降支下穿线、套管,不结扎,旷置220min;缺血再灌注组结扎左冠状动脉40min后完全开放,再灌注180min;缺血后处理组结扎左冠状动脉40min后,再灌注缺血开始前连续实施3个循环的30s/30s的缺血再灌注后处理,随后完全开放左冠状动脉再灌注180min。采用Evans blue与TTC双染法测定心肌梗死面积百分比和缺血区面积百分比,采用TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡指数,采用Western blot法检测心肌组织caspase-12、GRP78蛋白表达水平。结果假手术组心肌缺血区面积百分比(0)和梗死区面积百分比(0)明显低于缺血后处理组[(46.46±2.13)%、(41.02±2.93)%]和缺血再灌注组[(53.31±3.87)%、(52.19±3.44)%](P0.01),心肌细胞凋亡指数[(6.70±2.25)%]、心肌组织caspase-12蛋白(0.11±0.01)和GRP78蛋白(0.13±0.03)表达水平明显低于缺血后处理组[(20.54±3.05)%、0.35±0.06、1.17±0.14]和缺血再灌注组[(26.92±1.91)%、0.41±0.06、1.04±0.16](P0.01);缺血后处理组心肌缺血区面积百分比、梗死区面积百分比、心肌凋亡指数、心肌组织caspase-12蛋白表达水平低于缺血再灌注组(P0.01),心肌组织GRP78蛋白表达水平高于缺血再灌注组(P0.05)。结论缺血后处理可减轻心肌细胞凋亡,而内质网应激激活参与了大鼠MIRI过程,推测缺血后处理在大鼠MIRI过程中可能通过调节内质网应激途径抑制细胞凋亡,改善MIRI。     

缺血后处理对高血脂大鼠缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的 观察缺血后处理对高血脂大鼠缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡的影响.方法 选择高血脂SD大鼠48只,随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组和缺血后处理组,每组16只.制备大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型.缺血再灌注组收紧结扎线缺血40 min,放松结扎线再灌注240 min;缺血后处理组缺血40 min后,再灌注10 s,再缺血10 s,连续3个循环,然后再灌注240 min;假手术组不收紧结扎线.再灌注结束后自右颈动脉分别采血测定血清肌酸激酶活性,用伊文氏兰-红四氮唑(TTC)染色和TUNEL法分别检测再灌注心肌坏死和凋亡程度.结果 再灌注结束后,肌酸激酶活性缺血后处理组和缺血再灌注组分别为(734.86±25.48)U/L和(967.64±28.16)U/L,高于假手术组的(274.28±16.94)U/L,(P<0.05),缺血后处理组低于缺血再灌注组(P<0.05);缺血后处理组心肌缺血区与左心室面积比值与缺血再灌注组无显著性差异,但心肌坏死区与缺血区比值为(24.8±6.7)%,低于缺血再灌注组的(38.2±7.1)%(P<0.05);假手术组未见明显细胞凋亡,缺血后处理组心肌细胞凋亡率为(12.7±2.8)%,低于缺血再灌注组的(20.9±3.7)%(P<0.05).结论 缺血后处理可减轻高血脂大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤,机制可能与减少心肌细胞凋亡有关.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.