青蒿素对大鼠肝脏微粒体过氧化损伤的影响

观察青蒿素体外对细胞微粒体过氧化损伤的影响。方法：采用提取大鼠肝脏微粒体方法,建立体外ＮＡＤＰＨ／ＶｉｔＣ诱发大鼠肝脏微粒体脂质过氧化损伤模型,观察青蒿素对减少肝脏微粒体脂质过氧化物的形成作用。结果;青蒿素能明显减少肝微粒体脂质过氧化物的形成（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）。结论：青蒿素能抵抗细胞微粒体的过氧化损伤,此为其治疗机理之一。     

鸡骨草总黄酮碳苷对乙硫氨酸导致的小鼠脂肪肝的影响简

目的：研究鸡骨草总黄酮碳苷（AME）对乙硫氨酸（DL-E）所致小鼠脂肪肝的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法：ICR小鼠随机分为4组：对照组,DL-E造模组,AME组和AME＋DL-E组,每组8只。用AME连续灌胃给予AME组和AME＋DL-E组小鼠7d,另外两组给予溶剂对照（三蒸水）,第7天灌胃给予DL-E组和AME＋DL-E组250mg／kgDL-E造模,其他两组给予溶剂对照（0．2％CMC-Na）。造模1h后再次灌胃给予所有小鼠AME或溶剂对照（三蒸水）,造模22h后收集血样和肝组织,采用生化法测定血清脂质和转氨酶水平,肝脏TG以及TC含量。采用实时定量PCR的方法测定肝脏中相关脂代谢基因水平。结果：AME可以显著减少小鼠肝脏脂肪空泡的数量和脂变的面积,降低TG和TC含量以及血清转氨酶水平。在脂质相关代谢基因的调控上,AME可以下调DL-E导致的固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1（Sterolregulatoryelementbind-ingprotein1,SREBP-1）、脂肪酸合成酶（Fattyacidsynthase,FAS）和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（Aee-tyl-CoAcarboxylase1,ACCl）的高表达,并且AME可以逆转DL-E对过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体α（Peroxisomeproliferatoractivativedre-ceptora,PPARα）和肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1α（Carnitinepalmitoyltransferase1α,CPT-1α）的抑制作用。结论：AME对DL-E引起的小鼠肝脏脂肪蓄积具有保护作用,并且这种作用主要是通过减少脂质合成,促进脂质氧化代谢来实现的。     

黄芪注射液对慢性肺心病患者血中脂质过氧化物及抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的：探讨黄芪注射液对慢性肺心病患者血中脂质过氧化物及抗氧化酶活性的影响。方法：48例慢性肺心病患者随机分为两组，分别用常规治疗（对照组）及常规治疗加用黄芪注射液（治疗组）治疗14d，观察治疗前后血超氧化岐化酶（SOD）、过氧化脂质（LPO）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—PX）含量，并与20例健康人（健康对照组）比较。结果：慢性肺心病患者血SOD、LPO含量明显高于健康对照组（P〈0．01），OSH—PX明显低于健康对照组（P〈0．05）；治疗组患者治疗后SOD、LPO明显下降（P〈（1．01），GSH—PX明显上升（P〈0．05）；而对照组患者治疗后SOD，LPO和GSH—PX无明显变化（P〉0．05）。结论：黄芪注射液能明显降低慢性肺心病患者增强的脂质过氧化反应，纠正抗氧化酶的失衡。     

茯苓合剂对冻融蟾蜍肝脏组织的生物化学研究

本实验采用显微镜和722分光光度计分别观察测定了冻融蟾蜍肝脏组织碱性磷酸酶（AKPase)活性，及茯苓合剂的保护效应。实验结果表明，药物复温组血浆脂质过氧化物（LPO）和红细胞的malondialdehyde(mda)含量显著低于对照组（P＜0．01）；全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－Px)活性显著高于对照组（P＜0．01）；肝组织AKPase活性显著高于对照组呈强阳性。结果提示，茯苓合剂具有抗脂质过氧化，保护GSH－Px酶活性，对冻融肝脏组织能间接提高机体清除超氧自由基和羟自由基的能力。这为组织器官的保存和移植提供了理论依据。     

槲皮素对INH诱导的大鼠肝脏氧化损伤的影响

目的：观察槲皮素对异烟肼（INH）致大鼠肝脏氧化损伤的保护作用。方法：将动物随机分为正常对照组、INH损伤组、槲皮素低剂量组、槲皮素高剂量组,灌胃染毒,每天1次,14d后测定大鼠血和肝匀浆中丙二醛（MDA）含量,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。结果：与INH组比较,槲皮素高剂量组大鼠血清和肝组织的MDA含量降低（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）,而SOD和GSH-Px活性增加（P〈0.05）。结论：槲皮素对INH所致的大鼠肝脏损伤具有保护作用,可能与其抗脂质过氧化作用有关。     

藏药蕨麻对实验性酒精肝损伤小鼠的保护作用研究

目的：探讨藏药蕨麻对实验性酒精肝损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法：50只小鼠随机分为5组：空白组,模型组,小、中、大剂量蕨麻组,50%酒精灌胃复制实验性酒精肝损伤模型,蕨麻每日2次（50、100、200g/kg）,酒精每日1次（10mL/kg）,连续4周。小鼠最后1次给药4h后,称重,眶静脉丛取血,离心取血清,全自动生化仪检测肝功指标[AST、ALT、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）];摘取肝脏称重,计算肝脏指数;剪取适量肝脏制成匀浆,检测肝脏组织中TG、TC、丙二醛（MDA）、脂质过氧化物（LPO）含量以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性;剩余肝脏10%甲醛固定后进行病理学检测。结果：小鼠酒精肝损伤后肝脏指数、AST、ALT、ALP明显升高（P〈0.05）;肝脏组织中TG、TC、MDA、LPO含量明显高于空白组（P〈0.05）;SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性明显降低（P〈0.05）;病理学检测发现肝脏组织出现炎性浸润和脂肪空泡。蕨麻可明显改善这些现象,表现为降低肝脏指数和肝功指标（P〈0.05）,减少肝脏组织中TG、TC、MDA、LPO含量（P〈0.05）,增强SOD、GSH-Px和CAT活性（P〈0.05）,减少肝脏组织炎性浸润和脂肪空泡的产生。其中大剂量蕨麻的作用更加明显。结论：蕨麻可能通过减少自由基的产生,增强对自由基及其代谢产物的清除能力,从而抑制脂质过氧化,起到对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。     

葛根素对糖尿病大鼠胰腺线粒体NO及自由基的影响

目的：探讨葛根素对实验性糖尿病大鼠胰腺线粒体保护作用的机制。方法：30只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病组和治疗组。采用四氧嘧啶腹腔注射复制糖尿病动物模型。葛根素注射液治疗8周后,观测胰腺线粒体中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）及一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活力;测定胰腺线粒体丙二醛（MDA）及一氧化氮（NO）含量。结果：葛根素治疗组胰腺线粒体SOD、GSH-Px活力较糖尿病组均有显著升高（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,而NOS活力、MDA及NO含量明显降低（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论：葛根素对糖尿病大鼠胰腺有保护作用。其机制可能是：清除自由基,减少脂质过氧化物的生成;降低线粒体NOS活力,从而减轻NO所致的损伤。     

梗阻性黄疸大鼠的血清脂质过氧化物测定

目的：观察脂质过氧化物在梗阻性黄疸时的变化,探讨其在发病过程中的作用。方法：用荧光分光光度法对正常SD大鼠和全梗阻性黄疸大鼠及不全梗阻性黄疸大鼠模型进行血清脂质过氧化物（LPO）测定。结果：不全梗阻性黄疸大鼠和全梗阻性黄疸大鼠自术后第2天始LPO值明显升高（P＜0．01）,术后第5天时LPO值较第2天时又有明显升高（P＜0．05）。全梗阻性黄疸组和不全梗阻性黄疸组大鼠血清LPO值相比,不全梗阻性黄疸组大鼠血清LPO值较低,但无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论：氧自由基损伤在梗阻性黄疸的发病过程中起一定作用,提示临床选用拮抗氧自由基的药物来减轻其对人体的损害。     

芹菜素对雄性小鼠肝脏SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活力影响

目的观察不同剂量、不同作用时间,芹菜素（AP）对雄性小鼠肝脏氧化还原酶活力的影响。方法将200只雄性小鼠按体重随机分为对照组（生理盐水）、低剂量组（AP252mg/kgbw）、中剂量组（AP504mg/kgbw）和高剂量组（AP1008mg/kgbw）4组,各组动物又随机分成5个时间组即：7d组、14d组、21d组、28d组、35d组。小鼠给予0.01ml/gbw生理盐水和不同浓度的芹菜素灌胃,1次/d。分批处死小鼠,制备肝匀浆。测定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）及过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力。结果 SOD活力28d高剂量组明显低于其他组（P〈0.05）,35d中剂量组SOD活力低于对照组及低剂量组（P〈0.05）;GSH-Px活力28d高剂量组较对照组及低剂量组低（P〈0.05）;CAT活力变化不明显。结论 AP对雄性小鼠肝脏SOD、GSH-Px活力具有一定抑制作用。     

肉苁蓉总苷对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：研究肉苁蓉总苷对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：昆明种小鼠40只,随机分为空白组、模型组、肉苁蓉总苷小剂量组（50mg／kg）和大剂量组（100mg／kg）。连续灌胃给药4周,肉苁蓉总苷每日2次,酒精每日1次,到达时限后小鼠称重,眶静脉（动脉）取血,取血清检测肝功指标;摘取肝脏称重,计算肝脏指数;剪取适量肝脏制成匀浆,试剂盒检测相关生化指标;剩余肝脏10％甲醛固定后进行病理学检测。结果：小鼠酒精肝损伤后肝脏指数、肝功指标明显升高（P〈0．05）;肝脏组织中TG、TC、丙二醛（MDA）、脂质过氧化物（LPO）含量明显高于空白组（P〈0．05）;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GSH—P）【）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性明显降低（P〈0．05）;病理学检测发现肝脏组织出现炎性浸润和脂肪空泡。肉苁蓉总苷可明显改善这些现象,表现为降低肝脏指数和肝功指标（P〈0．05）,减少肝脏组织中TG、TC、MDA、LPO含量（P〈0．05）,增强SOD、GSH-Px和CAT活性（P〈0．05）,减少肝脏组织炎性浸润和脂肪空泡的产生。其中大剂量肉苁蓉总苷的作用更加明显。结论：肉苁蓉总苷可能通过减少自由基的产生,增强对自由基及其代谢产物的清除能力,从而抑制脂质过氧化,起到对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。     

绞股蓝总皂甙对离体大鼠肝脏脂质过氧化及膜流动性损伤的保护作用

在体外实验中绞股篮总皂甙(GP)能抑制大鼠肝微粒体自发的和由Fe_-~(2+)-半胱氨酸、Vit C-NADPH和CCl_4诱发的脂质过氧化,其作用强于人参总皂甙。Fe_-~(2+)-半胱氨酸导致大鼠肝微粒体、线粒体膜流动性降低,同时加入GP可防止膜流动性的下降。     

Prevention by silymarin of membrane alterations in acute CCl4 liver damage

The effect of silymarin on liver lipid peroxidation and membrane lipid alterations induced by an acute dose of CCl4 was studied. Four groups of animals were treated with CCl4, CCl4 + silymarin, silymarin and its vehicles. CCl4 was given orally (0.4 g 100 g-1 body wt.) and silymarin was administered i.p. All animals were sacrificed 24 h after the treatments. Liver lipid peroxidation was measured and plasma membranes were isolated. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) were measured in plasma membranes. Membrane lipids were extracted and then analysed by thin-layer chromatography by measuring the phosphorus of the phospholipids in each spot. Liver lipid peroxidation was increased about three times in the group receiving CCl4 only. Silymarin cotreatment prevented this increase. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PEA) decreased, while phosphatidylinositol (PI) increased in the plasma membranes isolated from the CCl4-treated group. Animals that received CCl4 + silymarin showed no decrease in PEA content. A partial prevention of the decrease in phosphatidylinositol content was also observed in plasma membranes of animals treated with silymarin in addition to CCl4. CCl4 decreased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) membrane activities. Silymarin cotreatment prevented the AP (completely) and the GGTP (partially) falls caused by CCl4. Silymarin by itself increased AP membrane activity. A significant relationship between the membrane content of phosphatidylethanolamine (PEA) and the AP activity was observed in plasma membranes of treated animals and in normal liver membranes enriched with PEA. These results indicate that silymarin can protect against the alterations induced by CCl4 on the liver plasma membrane through its antioxidant properties by modifying the plasma membrane phospholipid content.     

Aloe-Emodin quinone pretreatment reduces acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride

Aloe contains several active compounds including aloin, a C-glycoside that can be hydrolyzed in the gut to form aloe-emodin anthrone which, in turn, is auto-oxidized to the quinone aloe-emodin. On the basis of the claimed hepatoprotective activity of some antraquinones, we studied aloe-emodin in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication, since this xenobiotic induces acute liver damage by lipid peroxidation subsequent to free radical production. Twelve rats were treated with CCl4 (3 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and six were protected with two intraperitoneally injections of aloe-emodin (50 mg/kg; CCl4+aloe-emodin); six other rats were only aloe-emodin injected (aloe-emodin) and six were untreated (control). Histological examination of the livers showed less marked lesions in the CCl4+aloe-emodin rats than in those treated with CCl4 alone, and this was confirmed by the serum levels of L-aspartate-2-oxoglutate-aminotransferase (394+/-38.6 UI/l in CCl4, 280+/-24.47 UI/l in CCl4+aloe-emodin rats; P<0.05). We also quantified changes in hepatic albumin and tumour necrosis factor-alpha mRNAs. Albumin mRNA expression was significantly lower only in the liver of CCl4 rats (P<0.05 versus control) and was only slightly reduced in the CCl4+aloe-emodin rats. In contrast tumour necrosis factor-alpha mRNA was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the CCl4 than the control rats and almost equal in the CCl4+aloe-emodin, aloe-emodin and control groups. In conclusion, aloe-emodin appears to have some protective effect not only against hepatocyte death but also on the inflammatory response subsequent to lipid peroxidation.     

Mechanism of antihepatotoxic activity of atractylon, I: effect on free radical generation and lipid peroxidation1.

The mechanism of antihepatotoxic action of atractylon, a main sesquiterpenic constituent of ATRACTYLODES rhizomes, was studied. Atractylon inhibited carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4))-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes and CCl (4)-induced lipid peroxidation by rat liver microsomes. However, atractylon increased the free radical generation by CCl (4) with rat liver microsomes in the presence of a radical trapping agent, phenyl T-butyl nitrone (PBN). In addition, atractylon generated free radical PER SE. Experiments using (13)CCl (4) instead of CCl (4) indicated that the increased free radicals consisted of those from (13)CCl (4) and from atractylon. Accumulated data support that although both CCl (4) and atractylon generate free radicals respectively by rat liver microsomes, free radical from CCl (4) conducts lipid peroxidation and produces liver lesion, while atractylon forms free radical which scavenges CCl (3) radical in the absence of PBN, inhibits lipid peroxidation by CCl (4) and suppresses CCl (4)-induced liver lesion.     

Intervention in free radical mediated hepatotoxicity and lipid peroxidation by indole-3-carbinol

The cytoprotective effect of the natural dietary constituent indole-3-carbinol (I-3-C) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) mediated hepatotoxicity in mice was examined. I-3-C pretreatment by gavage 1 hr prior to intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 produced a 63% decrease in CCl4-mediated centrolobular necrosis and a related 60% decrease in plasma alanine aminotransferase activity (a marker of liver necrosis). Since the toxicological effects of CCl4 are mediated by radical species generated during reductive metabolism by cytochrome P-450, we examined the potential ability of I-3-C to scavenge reactive radicals. Three systems were used to evaluate the ability of I-3-C to intervene in free radical mediated lipid peroxidation. These systems consisted of the following: (1) phospholipid dissolved in chlorobenzene, with peroxidation initiated by the thermal and photo decomposition of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN); (2) sonicated phospholipid vesicles in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), with peroxidation initiated by ferrous/ascorbate; and (3) mouse liver microsomes containing an NADPH-regenerating system, with peroxidation initiated with CCl4. Lipid peroxidation was measured in these three systems as thiobarbiturate-reacting material. In the AIBN and ferrous/ascorbate systems, I-3-C inhibited lipid peroxidation, with greater inhibition under conditions of low rates of free radical generation. I-3-C was not as effective an antioxidant as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) or tocopherol, but it inhibited peroxidation in a dose-response manner. I-3-C was most effective as a radical scavenger in the microsomal CCl4-initiated system by inhibiting lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent fashion, with 50% inhibition at 35-40 microM I-3-C. This concentration is about one-third of the concentration of I-3-C achieved in liver after treatment of mice by gavage with 50 mg I-3-C/kg body weight. These data suggest that I-3-C may be a natural antioxidant in the human diet and, as such, may intervene in toxicological or carcinogenic processes that are mediated by radical mechanisms.     

Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system attenuates the development of liver fibrosis and oxidative stress in rats

1. The present study was designed to investigate the potential antifibrotic and anti-oxidant effects of lisinopril, fosinopril and losartan in an experimental rat model of liver injury using carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)). 2. First, the potential hepatoprotective dose of each drug was screened against CCl(4)-induced acute hepatotoxicity. Then, we chose the minimum hepatoprotective dose of each drug to further investigate the mechanisms involved in the hepatoprotection using a chronic model of hepatotoxicity induced by CCl(4). 3. Liver function was assessed in addition to histopathological examination. Furthermore, oxidative stress markers (reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxides levels) and markers of fibrosis (hydroxyproline content and liver fibrosis area) were assessed. 4. It was found that treatment of animals with different drugs concomitantly with CCl(4) significantly counteracted the changes in liver function induced by CCl(4) (except fosinopril). In addition, the drugs ameliorated the histopathological changes induced by CCl(4). All drugs significantly counteracted lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion (except fosinopril) compared with the CCl(4)-intoxicated group. Moreover, the drugs studied significantly reduced liver hydroxyproline levels and the area of fibrosis compared with the CCl(4)-intoxicated group. 5. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence for the hepatoprotective effect of lisinopril, fosinopril and losartan. Both lisinopril and losartan was found to have better hepatoprotective potential than fosinopril against CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity. These hepatoprotective effects can be explained on the basis of anti-oxidant and antifibrotic mechanisms, mainly enhancement of GSH and reduction of lipid peroxidation and fibrosis.     

Induction of metallothionein synthesis by menadione or carbon tetrachloride is independent of free radical production.

The relationship between induction of hepatic metallothionein (MT) synthesis and lipid peroxidation by free radical production following an injection of menadione or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice was studied. The hepatic concentration of MT was increased by menadione significantly at 25 mg/kg or higher. A significant increase in thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, indicative of lipid peroxidation, was observed in the liver at menadione doses of 62.5 mg/kg or higher. Both the MT and the TBA value in the liver were significantly increased at the low dose of CCl4. The concentration of MT was increased significantly 4-8 hr after administrations of these compounds. The increase of TBA value over time was similar to that of MT concentration after administration of CCl4, but not after administration of menadione. The MT concentration in the menadione group was higher than that in the CCl4 group, and the TBA level in the menadione group was lower than that in the CCl4 group. Pretreatment with vitamin E caused a significant reduction in the TBA value, but did not affect the MT level in the liver. The concentration of MT did not significantly correlate with the TBA value in either the menadione or the CCl4 group. Pretreatment with phenobarbital, which promotes free radical production, did not influence induction of MT synthesis following an injection of menadione or CCl4. Neither L-buthionine sulfoximine nor 2-cyclo-hexen-1-one, which decreases hepatic glutathione, influenced the induction of MT by menadione. These data suggest that induction of MT synthesis by menadione or CCl4 is independent of free radical production in the liver.     

Effect of black tea on lipid peroxidation in carbon tetrachloride treated male rats

This study examined the effects of black tea (Camellia sinensis L.) on lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated male Wistar rats. Three groups of rats formed two control groups and one treatment group. The control groups were fed with a standard diet, while the black tea group were fed the standard diet plus 6% by weight dried black tea leaves. After two months, the rats in the black tea group and in one control group were administered a single dose of CCl4 (1 ml/kg, i.p.) and sacrificed two hours later. Rats in the other control group were administered olive oil in a similar fashion. Lipid peroxide levels in liver and plasma, glutathione (GSH) levels in liver and alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities in plasma were measured. Rats in the black tea group were found to have significantly decreased liver lipid peroxide levels, and ALT and AST activities compared with the rats in the CCl4-treated control group. In addition, liver glutathione levels were decreased in the black tea group. These data suggest that black tea attenuates CCl4-induced hepatic injury.     

Suppressive effect of tritoqualine on lipid peroxidation and enzyme leakage induced by carbon tetrachloride in rat hepatocytes

Since tritoqualine (TRQ) is effective in suppressing the increase of serum transaminases in acute hepatic injured rats induced by some hepatotoxins, protection of the hepatocyte membrane is suggested to be one of the pharmacological effects of TRQ. In the present study, we investigated the effects of TRQ on lipid peroxidation and enzyme leakage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) exposure in isolated hepatocytes and the liver in vivo, compared with vitamin E. The results were as follows: Hepatocytes isolated from TRQ-administered rats showed less enzyme leakage than those from control rats after CCl4 addition. TRQ displayed strong inhibition of lipid peroxidation in isolated hepatocytes. In comparison with vitamin E, TRQ showed almost the same inhibitory action on lipid peroxidation, but a stronger suppression of enzyme leakage. Vitamin E showed a weaker protection from increase of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase than TRQ, in spite of its stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation in vivo. From these results, it is suggested that the membrane protecting action of TRQ is partially derived from its suppression of lipid peroxidation, but "another action" may also play an important role in protecting the fragile membrane.     

Oxidative preconditioning affords protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced glycogen depletion and oxidative stress in rats

The rectal insufflation of a judicious dose of ozone, selected from that used in clinical practice, is able to promote oxidative preconditioning or oxidative stress tolerance preventing the hepatocellular damage mediated by free radicals. In order to evaluate the effects of ozone oxidative preconditioning on carbon tetrachloride-mediated hepatotoxicity, the following experimental protocol was designed: group 1 (negative control, sunflower oil i.p.); group 2 (CCl(4) in sunflower oil, 1 ml kg(-1) i.p.); group 3 (15 ozone-oxygen pretreatments at a dose of 1 mg kg(-1) via rectal insufflation + CCl(4) as in group 2); group 4 (ozone control group, 15 ozone-oxygen pretreatments + sunflower oil i.p.). Ozone pretreatment prevented glycogen depletion (as demonstrated by biochemical and histopathological findings) and avoided lactate overproduction associated with the hepatotoxic effects of CCl(4). The administration of CCl(4) increased lipid peroxidation (as measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) and uric acid levels and inhibited superoxide dismutase activity. All these deleterious effects induced by CCl(4) were prevented by ozone pretreatment. The administration of ozone without CCl(4) (ozone control group) did not produce any changes in the evaluated parameters. Our results showed that ozone treatment, in our experimental conditions, was able to prevent anaerobic glycolysis and oxidative stress induced by CCl(4).