清远市2004年钩端螺旋体病监测分析

目的 对2004年清远市钩端螺旋体病疫情、人群及宿主动物监测情况进行分析,为制定防治措施提供科学依据.方法 采取疑似病人血、鼠类、水禽类和蛙类动物肾组织分离培养病原体,用MAT法检测健康人、疑似病人、鼠类和水禽类动物血清抗体.结果 报告发生钩体病10例,发病率0.25/10万,死亡1例,病死率10.00%.从鼠肾组织中分离鉴定了5株钩体菌,分离阳性率为5.00%,均为爪哇群.流行前、后期健康人血清和流行期疑似病人血清抗体阳性率分别为13.27%、4.00%和15.79%,菌群以黄疸出血群和七日热群为主,其次为拜伦群和爪哇群.鼠血清抗体阳性率为22.00%,黄毛鼠、板齿鼠、褐家鼠和黄胸鼠的血清抗体阳性率在8.57%～50.00%之间,菌群以秋季热群为主,其次为犬热群.水禽（鸭）血清抗体阳性率为4.00%,菌群为拜伦群和致热群.结论 我市人群钩体隐性感染水平和鼠带菌率均较高,开始出现钩体病发病年龄组后移及钩体带菌优势鼠种由野栖鼠种向家栖鼠种交叉转移的动向,从水禽类动物（鸭）血清中检测出钩体带菌抗体在我市尚属首次.继续加强监测,采取综合性防治措施,可有效地控制钩体病的流行.     

龙岩市2008-2012年钩端螺旋体病流行特征分析

目的了解龙岩市钩端螺旋体病(钩体病)流行病学特征,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法对2008-2012年龙岩市钩体病疫情资料、监测结果进行描述性流行病学分析,数据采用SPSS 13.0软件包进行统计处理。结果2008-2012年龙岩市共报告钩体病病例74例,年均发病率为0.55/10万。病例主要集中在武平县;发病具有明显的季节性,7~9月为发病高峰期;病例以青壮年为主,农民占77.03%。监测点鼠血清抗体阳性率为6.98%,感染菌群以秋季群为主;人群血清抗体阳性率为31.75%,主要菌群为秋季群、黄疸出血群。结论龙岩市钩体病发病率维持在较低水平,夏秋季高发,青壮年农民为重点人群的流行特点没有改变。采取加强健康教育、做好疫情监测、掌握菌群变迁、合理接种疫苗的综合性防治措施,是今后龙岩市控制钩体病疫情的关键。     

湖南省2005年钩端螺旋体病监测结果与分析

目的 调查了解湖南省钩端螺旋体病的防治监测工作.方法 选择湖南5个县(市)进行传染源带菌情况、自然人群与疑似病人血清学研究,按照国家有关标准进行实验室检测.结果 传染源钩体分离及菌型分布情况对鼠及蛙类标本进行钩体分离培养,分离出15株钩体.其中鼠肾分离培养出阳性标本14株,阳性率3.59%.血清学:检测11份疑似病人血清抗体,确诊5例,确诊率45.45%;525份自然人群血清钩体抗体有12群之多,黄疸出血群里,湘潭县自然人群血清抗体阳性率最高(62.75%),沅江市自然人群血清抗体GMT最高(37.64).结论 从鼠、蛙钩体分离培养中可看出,塞罗群萨克斯可宾型和沅江型是湖南省洞庭湖区主要菌型;黄疸出血群仍是湖南省自然人群主要流行菌型,其次秋季群、澳洲群、波摩那群和流感伤寒群也是湖南省流行菌型;地区重点菌群监测预防工作应加以重视.     

南平市钩端螺旋体病调查研究

目的：通过对南平市钩端螺旋体病流行状况、疫源地类型、宿主动物、钩体菌群、临床表现、疫苗接种情况等调查，基本掌握我市钩体病流行规律，为当今农业生产结构下提出针对防治对策。方法：收集并分析南平市钩体历年疫情、临床资料，开展疫区类型、宿主动物、钩体菌群等调查。结果：南平市地理环境、气侯、植被等适宜钩端螺旋体菌生长。44年来流行曲线呈波浪型，5-11月为流行期，九十年代后以浦城县流行为主，总发病率呈下降趋势。疫源地有三种生境类型。流行形式以稻田型为主。农村男性青壮年受感染发病最多。宿主动物以黄毛鼠、黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠为主，分离出14群钩体菌株，而且带菌率高。近年猪宿主作用下降。病人血清检出13群钩体感染，健康人群检出14群钩体抗体，隐性感染率15．15％。“福建新丙五价”钩体菌苗的安全性及免疫效果是肯定的，完全可以预防相应菌群疫区钩体病流行。结论：南平市存在钩体自然疫源地．是福建省较严重的钩体流行疫区，有明显季节高峰，宿主动物种类多，流行菌群有14群，稻田型流行为主，病例临床表现复杂，疫情虽然呈下降趋势，凶险型病例增多，“福建新丙五价”钩体菌苗可以预防相应菌群疫区钩体病流行，但是防治工作仍然任重而道远。     

2007年湖南省钩端螺旋体宿主动物感染状况结果分析

目的 掌握湖南省钩端螺旋体宿主动物主要种类、密度、以及感染率和感染类型等情况,为防治钩体病提供科学依据.方法 按照2007年<湖南钩端螺旋体病监测实施方案>,在全省6个常规监测点和环洞庭湖区5个应急监测点系统开展钩体的宿主动物带菌率与带菌种群调查.以夹夜法在室外捕获鼠类,采用无菌操作采集鼠肾,Korthof方法 进行培养;应用分群血清与新分离的钩端螺旋体作凝集试验确定菌群,应用交叉凝集素吸收试验或分型因子血来确定菌型.结果 常规监测点有效培养459份,感染率为10.24%.湘潭县、沅江市、双蜂县的感染率分别为3.81%、6.67%、44.19%(p＜0.01).黑线姬鼠、东方田鼠、小家鼠、褐家鼠的感染率分别为13.96%、12.50%、5.19%、4.55(p＜0.05).浏阳市的蛙肾中培养出1株秋季型、3株澳洲型钩体.应急监测点有效培养296份,感染率为16.89%,其中沅江市、大通湖区、君山区、岳阳县、汉寿县的感染率分别是10.84%、24.39%、27.27%、41.46%、2.30%(p＜0.01).东方田鼠、褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠、黄毛鼠的感染率分别为28.36%、10.17%、9.26%.5.03%(p＜0.01).菌型主要是黄疸出血群赖型、赛罗群乌尔夫型.结论 湖南省宿主动物密度和带菌事差异较大,以黄疸出血群和赛罗群为主,感染率较往年升高,必须加强综合防制措施,预防爆发和流行.     

2007年湖南省钩端螺旋体宿主动物感染状况结果分析

目的 掌握湖南省钩端螺旋体宿主动物主要种类、密度、以及感染率和感染类型等情况,为防治钩体病提供科学依据.方法 按照2007年<湖南钩端螺旋体病监测实施方案>,在全省6个常规监测点和环洞庭湖区5个应急监测点系统开展钩体的宿主动物带菌率与带菌种群调查.以夹夜法在室外捕获鼠类,采用无菌操作采集鼠肾,Korthof方法 进行培养;应用分群血清与新分离的钩端螺旋体作凝集试验确定菌群,应用交叉凝集素吸收试验或分型因子血来确定菌型.结果 常规监测点有效培养459份,感染率为10.24%.湘潭县、沅江市、双蜂县的感染率分别为3.81%、6.67%、44.19%(p＜0.01).黑线姬鼠、东方田鼠、小家鼠、褐家鼠的感染率分别为13.96%、12.50%、5.19%、4.55(p＜0.05).浏阳市的蛙肾中培养出1株秋季型、3株澳洲型钩体.应急监测点有效培养296份,感染率为16.89%,其中沅江市、大通湖区、君山区、岳阳县、汉寿县的感染率分别是10.84%、24.39%、27.27%、41.46%、2.30%(p＜0.01).东方田鼠、褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠、黄毛鼠的感染率分别为28.36%、10.17%、9.26%.5.03%(p＜0.01).菌型主要是黄疸出血群赖型、赛罗群乌尔夫型.结论 湖南省宿主动物密度和带菌事差异较大,以黄疸出血群和赛罗群为主,感染率较往年升高,必须加强综合防制措施,预防爆发和流行.     

清远市2000～2003年钩端螺旋体病监测分析

目的：了解清远市2000～2003年钩端螺旋体病人群及宿主动物带菌情况，为制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法：采取病人血、动物脏器分离培养病原体。用MAT法检测健康人、疑似病人和鼠血清抗体。结果：从病人血和动物脏器中分离鉴定了16株钩端螺旋体，分属4种菌群，分别为犬热群、秋季热群、赛罗群和爪哇群。健康人血清和疑似病人血清阳性率分别为29．22％和3．81％，菌群均以黄疸出血群为主。鼠血清阳性率为29．71％，菌群以爪哇群为主，板齿鼠、黄毛鼠、黄胸鼠和褐家鼠的带菌率在26％～50％之间。结论：我市人群钩端螺旋体隐性感染水平和鼠带菌率均较高，从人群中分离到的赛罗群钩端螺旋体在我省尚属首次。继续加强监测，采取综合性防治措施，可有效地控制钩端螺旋体病的流行。     

2009-2011年宾阳县健康人群钩端螺旋体病血清学监测结果分析

目的了解宾阳县钩端螺旋体病流行的主要血清群(型)及其分布,为防控钩端螺旋体病(简称钩体病)提供科学依据。方法按照《广西钩端螺旋体病监测实施方案》要求,在宾阳县选1个乡镇作为监测点,每年采集健康人群血清,采用显微凝集试验进行钩体病抗体血清学检测。结果 2009-2011年采集健康人血清302份,钩端螺旋体抗体阳性159人(阳性率为52.65%),3年监测的抗体阳性率分别为52.00%(52/100)、65.00%(65/100)、41.18%(42/102)。抗体阳性率与性别差异无统计学意义,与年龄密切相关,健康人群含钩体病13个血清群抗体,以黄疸出血群为主。结论宾阳县健康人群中钩体病易感人群有一定积累,且菌种、菌型复杂,以黄疸出血群为主,阳性率为30.46%,其次为波摩那群、巴达维亚群、犬等,应加强钩体病的抗体监测、疫情预警和防治工作。     

清远市2015—2017年钩端螺旋体病监测结果

目的 了解清远市人群和宿主动物钩端螺旋体（钩体）菌群分布和变迁情况,为预防和控制钩体病提供科学依据。方法 选择清远市清新区太平镇为监测点,开展宿主动物密度、带菌以及健康人群血清抗体监测,对监测资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2015—2017年,清远市分别报告钩体病例0例、3例和1例;鼠密度分别为11.03%、3.73%和3.93%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;采集鼠肾标本450份、猪肾标本154份、蛙肾标本156份,均未培养分离出钩体;分别采集鼠血清150份、199份和101份,钩体抗体阳性率分别为6.00%、43.72%和55.45%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,其中2015年以七日热群为主,占53.85%,2016年以秋季热群为主,占25.96%,2017年以波摩那群为主,占41.38%;分别采集220份、210份和214份健康人血清,钩体抗体阳性率分别为20.45%、23.33%和14.02%,差异有统计学意义（P=0.04）,其中2015年以秋季热群为主,占25.96%,2016年以七日热群为主,占27.36%,2017年以波摩那群为主,占27.27%。结论 清远市近年来钩体病发病水平低,宿主动物和健康人群隐性感染水平高,宿主动物与健康人群血清抗体阳性的主要菌型不尽相同,应警惕由于菌型的更迭引起钩体病暴发流行的可能。     

云南省肾综合征出血热监测结果分析

目的:调查肾综合征出血热(HFRS)在人及啮齿动物中自然感染的情况,为制定相应的预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法:2005年在云南省的监测点泸西、寻甸和永胜县共采集健康人血清329份,在居民区捕获活鼠3种285只并取血清,用间接免疫荧光法测HFRS的IgG抗体。结果:监测区以褐家鼠和黄胸鼠为优势鼠种。人群抗体阳性率为3.04%(10/329)。鼠血清抗体阳性率为5.61%(16/285)。结论:监测区褐家鼠和黄胸鼠中HFRS病毒感染较为普遍,人群中也存在隐性感染。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.