彩色多普勒超声引导下经胫/腓静脉-腘静脉顺行置管溶栓治疗急性混合型下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效观察

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声引导下经小腿胫/腓静脉-腘静脉顺行置管溶栓治疗急性混合型下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的疗效。方法 横断面研究。纳入2019年8月—2022年8月江苏大学附属武进医院介入血管科经下肢静脉造影确诊为急性下肢DVT累及腘静脉的患者27例。其中男8例、女19例,年龄23~75（55.3±14.3）岁。彩色超声多普勒引导下穿刺小腿胫前、胫后或腓静脉,顺行置入溶栓导管,溶栓段覆盖血栓全程,在充分抗凝基础上间断泵入尿激酶,每24~48 h经导管行造影复查,并调整溶栓导管位置。观察指标：彩色多普勒超声引导下经小腿胫/腓静脉-腘静脉顺行置管穿刺成功率及并发症发生情况;溶栓前后健侧与患侧肢体周径差、患肢静脉总通畅度评分和溶栓后通畅度,以及腘静脉通畅度评分和溶栓后通畅度。结果 27例患者经小腿胫/腓静脉-腘静脉顺行置管成功,其中彩色超声多普勒导引下穿刺成功22例（穿刺成功率为81.5%）,其余5例经足背静脉留置针推注造影剂顺行造影后穿刺成功。经3~7 d溶栓治疗,患者溶栓前、后的小腿周径差分别为（4.19±1.51）、（1.38±0.50）cm,大腿周径差分别为（6.07±1.78）、（2.22±1.22）cm,差异均有统计学意义（t=9.21、9.28,P值均<0.001）;患者溶栓前、后患肢静脉通畅度评分分别为（7.41±1.55）、（2.04±0.85）分,差异有统计学意义（t=15.76,P<0.001）;溶栓后患肢静脉通畅度为70.62%±14.55%。溶栓前、后腘静脉通畅度评分分别为（5.04±1.01）、（1.26±0.71）分,差异有统计学意义（t=15.42,P<0.001）;溶栓后腘静脉通畅度73.21%±17.05%。患者住院溶栓期间均未出现大出血、小腿血肿、血栓进展等严重不良反应。结论 彩色多普勒超声导引下小腿胫/腓静脉-腘静脉顺行置管溶栓治疗急性混合型下肢DVT溶栓疗效好,对下肢静脉通畅度,特别是腘静脉通畅度改善明显,是一种安全有效的微创治疗方法,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis with 99Tcm-plasmin

The diagnostic efficiency of 99Tcm-plasmin test was evaluated by X-ray contrast phlebography in 110 consecutive patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The test was positive in 50 of 55 patients with DVT (sensitivity 91%) and negative in 18 of 55 without DVT (specificity 33%). The positive plasmin test in patients without DVT was in most cases due to another inflammatory process or a post-thrombotic state. The 99Tcm-plasmin test is a rapid and sensitive screening method for th diagnosis of DVT, but as it is based on comparison between the legs, it may be unreliable in cases of bilateral thrombosis. The low specificity makes it less valuable in patients with concomitant inflammatory disease or previous thrombosis in either leg. When the plasmin test is positive, the diagnosis of DVT should in most cases be confirmed by X-ray contrast phlebography.     

Incidence of deep vein thrombosis in bedridden non-surgical patients

In order to detect deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 101 patients with acute medical or infectious disorders were examined with the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test. All patients were bedridden on admission and were scanned daily from the second to the eighth day. Thirteen patients developed a positive fibrinogen uptake test. Thus, if a positive test is interpreted as DVT, the incidence of DVT was 13% in our bedridden patients. Of the patients admitted because of heart disease or pneumonia 20% had DVT, but only 4% of those admitted with other diagnoses. Other clinical "risk factors" studied, could not identify patients who developed DVT.     

The duration of oral anticoagulation after deep vein thrombosis. A randomized study

Eighty patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were randomized between our routine duration of oral anticoagulation and 50% reduction thereof, in order to evaluate whether shorter therapy could be given without increased risks. The study was stratified, so that 20 patients with the 1st episode of DVT caused by a temporary risk factor were treated for 1.5 or 3 months, 40 patients with the 1st episode of DVT caused by a permanent risk factor for 3 or 6 months, and 20 patients with the 2nd episode of DVT for 6 or 12 months. When warfarin therapy was discontinued, the patients were followed by means of venous occlusion plethysmography every 3 months for 1 year, and clinically for 15-27 months in the different subgroups. Thromboembolic complications were registered and verified by venography and perfusion lung scan. We could not detect any difference between the groups. The rate of rethrombosis and embolism during 12 and 24 months after cessation of anticoagulant therapy was 8 and 10%, respectively, among the patients with reduced duration of treatment and 8 and 14%, respectively, among those with regular duration. One fatal, warfarin-induced hemorrhage occurred. It is important to reduce unnecessary extension of oral anticoagulation after DVT in order to minimize the negative side-effects without increasing the recurrence rate. More extensive trials should be performed to confirm our results and define the optimal duration of treatment.     

全髋关节置换后对深静脉血栓的综合预防

背景：全髋关节置换后深静脉血栓高发,对患者危害很大,因此全髋关节置换后有必要寻找一种安全有效的预防方案来降低深静脉血栓的危害。 目的：观察综合预防方案对全髋关节置换后发生深静脉血栓的影响。 方法：将102例全髋关节置换患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组51例。观察组采用综合预防方案,由序贯、交叉的联用低分子肝素、间歇式充气压力治疗及持续股神经阻滞镇痛3个干预措施有机组成;对照组由医生根据临床经验给予低分子肝素抗凝治疗,或者间歇式充气压力治疗。比较两组患者深静脉血栓发生及分布情况,同时统计血小板和血红蛋白情况。 结果与结论：观察组患者深静脉血栓阳性数3例,深静脉血栓发生率为6%;而对照组患者深静脉血栓阳性数11例,深静脉血栓的发生率为22%,两组相比差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。两组发生深静脉血栓患者深静脉血栓在近、远端静脉分布构成比上差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。两组患者置换后1 d血红蛋白值较置换前降低,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);两组患者置换后1 d血小板值较置换前有所降低,但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);两组患者置换后1 d和6 d之间的血红蛋白值及血小板值差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。提示由序贯、交叉的联用低分子肝素、间歇式充气压力治疗及持续股神经阻滞镇痛3个干预措施组成的综合预防方案可显著降低全髋关节置换后患者深静脉血栓的发生率,且无严重并发症,效果确切可靠。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：     

Plasma D-dimer levels in patients with deep vein thrombosis]

Hemostatic abnormalities were examined in 40 patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 40 patients treated with warfarin, and 30 healthy volunteers. Plasma D-dimer levels were measured by an enzyme linked fluorescent assay (ELFA; Vidas-D-dimer) and an enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA; D-dimer-ELISA). Plasma levels of D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), soluble fibrin monomer (SFM) were significantly higher in patients with DVT than in the other groups. Both the sensitivity and specificity of D-dimer for diagnosis of DVT were the highest among hemostatic molecular markers examined. The most adequate cut off value of Vidas-D-dimer was 0.6 microgram/ml. Plasma levels of Vidas-D-dimer were well correlated with D-dimer ELISA, SFM and TAT. As the time of measurement for Vidas-D-dimer is less than one hour, the measurement of D-dimer using a EFLA might be useful for the diagnosis of DVT in bed side.     

妇科腹腔镜术后深静脉血栓形成相关因素分析

目的 分析妇科腹腔镜术后深静脉血栓形成的相关危险因素. 方法 选择妇科腹腔镜术后下肢深静脉血栓形成患者32例为观察组,同时段200例接受妇科腹腔镜手术未发生下肢深静脉血栓患者为对照组.对比分析两组患者的年龄、体重指数、肿瘤性质、术前合并症、腹腔镜手术时间及术后止血药的应用等.结果 观察组患者腹腔镜手术时间＜1h的比例、恶性肿瘤比例及伴有术前合并症的比例分别为43.75％(14/32)、34.38％(11/32)和65.63％(21/32),均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).观察组患者平均年龄为(55.13±11.57)岁,明显高于对照组的(48.76±10.65)岁,观察组患者术后止血药的平均应用剂量为(0.65±0.24)U,明显高于对照组(0.37±0.13)U,它们之间均有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 多种危险因素与妇科腹腔镜术后下肢深静脉血栓的发生有关,应该根据患者具体情况采取合理的预防和治疗措施.     

健侧大隐静脉与股深静脉吻合治疗下肢深静脉栓塞的应用解剖

ObjectiveTo provide anatomical basis for treatment of the deep venous thrombosis of lower limb with deep femoral vein shunting to contralateral great saphenous vein.MethodsThe course,tributaries,valve,anastomosis,length and diameter of the deep femoral vein were observed and measured on 30 sides of adult cadavers.ResultsThe deep formal vein,formed by the perforating venous trunk and tributaries of gracilis muscle,converged into the femoral vein 8.6±0.9 cm below the midpoint of inguinal ligament.Its truck was 2.6±0.5 cm long and 6.9±1.1 mm in diameter.In 29 cases,there was 1 valve proximal to the abouchement of the first perforating vein.The deep femoral vein collected the venous blood of the thigh and the knee,the superficial venous blood of the shank.ConclusionsThe deep femoral vein anastomosis with the contralateral great saphenous vein can remit the swelling and the venous high pressure of the lower limb by shunting the deep femoral venous blood to the contralateral great saphenous vein.     

高龄产妇剖宫产后并发下肢深静脉血栓的护理

深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis, DVT)是剖宫产术后严重并发症之一.当静脉血栓脱落时,血栓随着血流到达肺动脉入口,引起急性肺栓塞,严重威胁患者生命,是患者死亡的主要原因之一.因此,加强下肢深静脉血栓患者的临床护理,减少并发症的发生,提高患者的生存质量有着积极的意义.我科收治了1例30岁高龄产妇剖宫产后并发下肢静脉血栓的患者,经治疗和精心专科护理,取得了良好疗效,现将护理体会报告如下.     

深静脉血栓形成231例临床分析

深静脉血栓形成易发于下肢.1988年11月～1992年10月,诊治231例,男性146例、女性85例,年龄15～78岁、平均42.3岁.出现症状距确诊时间为1天至30年,平均45.7月.病变累及下肢227例,上肢4例.79例急性者用尿激酶溶栓效果满意.其余病例给予抗凝或抑制血小板治疗,等待病变静脉再通后行抗返流手术.     

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for deep vein thrombosis

Background  

Ultrasound (US) has largely replaced contrast venography as the definitive diagnostic test for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). We aimed to derive a definitive estimate of the diagnostic accuracy of US for clinically suspected DVT and identify study-level factors that might predict accuracy.     

纳米载体在大鼠深静脉急性血栓治疗中的实验研究

目的 探索新型溶栓方式——使用纳米级载体辅助组织性纤溶酶原激活剂（t-PA）进行溶栓,并与t-PA治疗比较溶栓效率。方法 30只SD大鼠分成3组,每组10只,分别为生理盐水组（生理盐水0.1 mL）、单纯溶栓药物组（t-PA 0.1 mL）和载药纳米载体组（载有t-PA的载体）。采用麻醉动物、手术切开、三氯化铁浸润建立大鼠股静脉急性血栓模型,在氯化铁处理20 min后从远端静脉注射药物,治疗时间均为4 h,每间隔1 h使用激光散斑血流成像系统监测股静脉血流状态。绘制每组样本相对血流量变化曲线,并进行统计学分析。结果 生理盐水组、单纯溶栓药物组、载药纳米载体组的血流灌注恢复率分别为-7.80%、21.36%、60.82%,差异具有统计学意义（P=0.016）,载药纳米载体组中样本治疗后血流量恢复明显升高。结论 与传统溶栓药物治疗t-PA组相比,载药载体组溶栓效率更高,该载体可在血栓治疗中有良好应用前景。