保定市大学生被动吸烟状况及相关认知调查

目的：了解大学生被动吸烟暴露情况及相关知识、态度及行为状况。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,对保定市4所高校2730名在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果调查问卷有效回收率为95．3％。2602名被调查大学生中,总吸烟率为12．9％。2267名不吸烟大学生中,被动吸烟率24．6％,其中男生38．4％,女生12．4％,男女生被动吸烟率差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．01）。男生的被动吸烟率随着年级的升高明显升高（ P ＜0．01）。艺术类和体育专业男生被动吸烟率高于其它专业（ P ＜0．01）。宿舍是男生被动吸烟发生率最高的场所。90％以上大学生知晓被动吸烟危害健康,但知识掌握不全面。38．2％学生对被动吸烟表示非常反感,能够做到主动劝阻的只有16．3％。结论应加强高校控烟工作,强化大学生的控烟健康教育,改善大学生被动吸烟状况。     

男大学生吸烟状况调查分析

目的 了解男大学生的吸烟状况及吸烟心理.方法 采用自拟的问卷附加Russell吸烟问卷,调查了某大学223名男生.结果 从223份问卷中获得200份合格问卷,吸烟者为96人,吸烟率为48%;镇静在学生吸烟原因中起主要原因.结论 大学生的吸烟率较高,该结果可以作为制定戒除和预防吸烟行为的依据.     

在校大学生吸烟认知、态度和行为调查分析

目的探讨在校大学生吸烟认知、态度和吸烟行为现状。方法采用随机抽样方式,对山西某两所高校1855名在校大学生进行问卷调查,并对两组大学生吸烟认知及吸烟行为进行分析。结果收回有效问卷1700份,收回率为91．6％。1700名被调查学生中不同年级学生对烟草有害成分中尼古丁和烟焦油的知晓率两组比较无差异（P〉0．05）,但对烟草中氮氧化物、一氧化碳和放射性物质的知晓率有差异（P〈0．01）。该组大学生总吸烟率21．1％,不同年级吸烟率比较无差异（P〉0．05）;结论在校大学生虽然对烟草中有害成分和吸烟对健康危害的认知程度有所不同,不同年级吸烟率水平均较高,应加强对大学生的控烟健康教育。     

汾阳市大学生吸烟的现状调查分析

研究大学生吸烟的现状及影响因素，有助于反映我国青年这一群体吸烟的现状及形成原因，为开展针对性的控烟健康教育和干预对策提供科学的依据，为此我们于2004年5月对汾阳市的大学生进行了吸烟现状调查。     

大学生心理卫生与吸烟原因调查分析

为探讨吸烟对大学生心理健康的影响 ,及时矫正不良心理行为 ,提高大学生的身体素质和心理素质 ,采取不记名填写调查表的方式进行调查 ,以班为单位 ,由辅导员组织统一发放并收回调查表。共发放问卷 2 80 0份 ,共收回 2 776份 ,占调查人群的99.14 %。结果显示 ,在被调查的 2 776名大学生中 ,吸烟率为 18.98%;男性吸烟率高于女性 ,统计学处理差异有高度显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ;高年级吸烟率高于低年级 ,统计学处理差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ;城镇户口学生吸烟率高于农村户口学生 ,统计学处理差异有高度显著性 (P<0 .0 1)     

某师范学院大学生吸烟现状调查

目的了解大学生主动吸烟与被动吸烟的现状,为控制大学生吸烟提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样法对562名周口师范学院的学生进行问卷调查,并对相关数据进行统计学分析。结果收回有效问卷550份(收回率为83.3%)。550名被调查学生中总吸烟率20.18%,其中男生吸烟率38.87%,女生2.04%,男女生吸烟率比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);不同年级大学生吸烟率比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);95.09%的大学生认为吸烟损害健康,93.82%的大学生认为被动吸烟有损健康。结论大学生虽然知晓吸烟对健康的危害性,但吸烟率仍较高,应加强对大学生的控烟健康教育。     

大学生饮酒状况及相关因素的logistic回归分析

目的了解大学生饮酒状况,探讨其影响因素。方法用中国疾病预防控制中心制订的《中国城市青少年健康危险行为监测问卷(大学)》,采用整群随机抽样方法,对荆州市942名在校大学生进行调查。运用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选主要影响因素。结果大学生曾经饮酒报告率为71.5%,目前饮酒报告率54.0%,醉酒报告率30.3%,并随年级呈上升趋势。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,主要影响因素是发生醉酒(OR:3.892,95%CI:2.733~5.542)、目前吸烟(OR:3.035,95%CI:2.035~4.525)、自行使用安定类药物(OR:2.609,95%CI:CI1.840~3.699)、有孤独感(OR:1.216,95%CI:1.037~1.426)、独生子女(OR:1.616,95%CI:1.103~2.368)、性别(OR:0.596,95%CI:0.439~0.809)。结论保持大学生的心理健康,对某些健康危险行为进行干预,能减少大学生饮酒行为。     

丹东市中学生吸烟状况调查

目的了解丹东市中学生的吸烟状况,为采取针对性的控烟措施提供参考依据。方法采取整群抽样方法,对丹东市25所中学12～18岁的中学生6453名进行吸烟状况的问卷调查。结果中学生尝试吸烟率为12．3％;9—14岁学生吸第一支烟的比例最高为75％。结论应加强对中学生吸烟行为早期预防教育和干预,使其养成良好的行为习惯,降低吸烟率。     

广州高中生吸烟状况调查分析

对广州市增城3所高中进行吸烟状况调查.5018名学生平均率为5.29%,其中男生为9.43%,女生为2.61%,与国内报道有关同龄学生的吸烟率相仿.吸烟率随年龄增长而升高,男女生开始吸烟年龄均平均在10～14岁,开始吸烟原因以好奇为主,影响因素与青少年学生接触较密切的人中是否有吸烟行为最为重要,在学生中开展吸烟行为的干预措施,高中以下是关键时期,创造良好的无烟环境,减少老师和家长对青少年早期的负面影响,对于降低青少年吸烟甚为重要.     

吸烟行为对北方阜新地区女性乳腺癌发病影响调查

目的调查吸烟（CS）行为对北方阜新地区女性乳腺癌发病影响。方法连续选择2012年1月．2013年6月在阜新矿业集团总医院肿瘤外科门诊就诊或住院治疗的女性乳腺癌患者103例,入选对象填写了“吸烟行为调查问卷”,并与97例同期参加本院体检结果健康女性（对照组）相同问卷统计结果比较。结果乳腺癌组的主动CS行为、被动CS行为、被动cS量大、主动CS时间长、被动CS时间长以及未成年开始CS例数均明显高于对照组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论主、被动CS、CS量大和时间长、未成年开始CS的北方阜新地区女性更容易发生乳腺癌,控及戒烟很有必要。     

Perceived consequences of cigarette use among college students

The current study was designed to investigate the perceived consequences of cigarette smoking among a sample of college students. Participants (N=206) rated the negative consequences of smoking higher than the positive consequences on both the Decisional Balance Measure and the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire. While scales assessing the perceived positive consequences of cigarette smoking varied as a function of smoking status, the perceived negative consequences of smoking did not vary as a function of smoking status or stage of change. This pattern of findings is inconsistent with previous studies, which have reported that the relationship between the perceived positive and negative consequences of smoking shifts towards a more negative view as smokers become more motivated to change or actually quit smoking. The differential patterns of results across studies highlight the need for continued research on the relationship between the perceived consequences of cigarette use and actual smoking behavior among young adults who smoke but are not necessarily nicotine dependent.     

Family smoking history moderates the effect of expectancies on smoking initiation in college students

Aims

This report was designed to test the hypothesis that family history of smoking (FH) would moderate the effects of positive and negative smoking expectancies on initiation in a college sample.

Design

Secondary analysis of a study of college freshmen never-smokers (n = 196; 46% male) who completed a baseline interview and quarterly online follow-up assessments for 15 months.

Findings

Analyses indicated that FH moderated the effect of negative outcome expectancies (p = .003) but not the effects of expectancies for positive or negative reinforcement on the probability of smoking initiation. Stronger negative expectancies were associated with a decreased risk of initiation for family history positive but not family history negative participants.

Conclusions

Findings are consistent with previous tobacco research indicating that FH + adolescents have more negative expectancies about cigarette smoking. This suggests that adolescents observing negative consequences or receiving negative messages from their parents about cigarettes may be less likely to experiment with smoking.     

大学生预防艾滋病相关知识、行为、态度调查分析

目的了解大学生预防艾滋病的相关知识、行为和态度,探索健康教育的新模式。方法采用随机抽样方法对长春科技学院869名一、二年级在校生进行问卷调查。结果预防艾滋病相关知识知晓率为60.49%,知道性接触传播、血液传播、母婴传播的学生分别为74.22%、82.39%和70.31%,对蚊虫叮咬、握手或共用厕所是否传播艾滋病的回答正确率分别是31.65%、24.17%。70.20%的学生不想与艾滋病感染者或患者接触,92.06%的学生认为艾滋病预防知识宣传还不够,应扩大宣传覆盖面,以多种形式开展艾滋病宣传活动。结论被调查的大学生对于如何有效预防艾滋病的知识掌握不全面,部分学生对艾滋病患者或感染者表现出不宽容或歧视态度。建议学校采取积极措施,加大宣传力度,普及健康教育。     

The relationship between alcohol use and cigarette smoking in a sample of undergraduate college students

During the decade of the 1990s, smoking prevalence increased nearly 30% in the college student population. Although most college students initiate smoking before the age of 18, recent evidence suggests a sizable minority of undergraduates report starting smoking while in college. This study examined the concurrent use of alcohol and tobacco as well as the relationship between alcohol use and smoking initiation among a sample of undergraduate students attending a large public university in the southwestern United States. We defined three categories of smoking status for this study: never smokers (n=777), experimenters (n=158), and smokers (n=178). Both experimenters and smokers reported consuming significantly more drinks per occasion in the past 28 days and more drinks on one occasion in the past 2 weeks compared to never smokers; however, there was no significant difference between experimenters and smokers on either of these measures of consumption. The results of two multinomial logistic regression models showed that measures of alcohol consumption and drinking frequency were significantly associated with being an experimenter or smoker after controlling for demographic and other drug use covariates. Results of a logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between past year drinking frequency and smoking initiation among respondents who reported that they were not smoking at all 12 months prior to their survey participation. The influence of alcohol consumption on smoking initiation among college students is discussed.     

Prevalence, frequency, and initiation of hookah tobacco smoking among first-year female college students: a one-year longitudinal study

Hookah tobacco smoking has become increasingly prevalent among college students, but little is known about frequency of use or patterns of use over time, including during the transition to college. The goals of this longitudinal cohort study were to assess the: (a) lifetime prevalence, (b) current prevalence, (c) frequency of use, and (d) pattern of initiation of hookah tobacco smoking among female students during the first year of college. First-year female college students (N = 483) at a large private university in upstate New York completed 13 monthly online surveys about their hookah tobacco use from August 2009 to August 2010. Lifetime prevalence of hookah use increased from 29% at college entry to 45% at one-year follow-up. The highest rates of hookah initiation occurred in the first two months of students' first semester of college. Current (past 30 days) hookah use ranged from 5% to 13% during the year after college entry. On average, hookah users reported smoking hookah two days per month. Hookah tobacco use is common among female college students. The transition to college is a vulnerable time for hookah initiation. Preventive efforts should begin in high school and continue through college, with a focus on students' first few months on campus.     

健康教育对大学生营养状况的临床效果

目的 探讨健康教育对大学生营养状况的影响.方法 选取韶关学院500名大学生,调查其营养状况,随后对其进行健康教育,比较教育前后大学生营养状况变化情况以及健康知识掌握情况.结果 健康教育后正常体质人数由原来的25.4％升高到61.2％,两者之间差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).且学生生活饮食行为较健康教育前得到明显改善,主要体现在食用早餐人数和睡眠时间超过7h人数均显著高于教育前,偏食人数也降到49.4％明显低于教育前76.8％,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 规范化的健康教育可以有效地帮助大学生改善其营养状况,值得在大学生健康教育课中推广.     

The natural history of college smoking: trajectories of daily smoking during the freshman year

Although the initiation of cigarette use typically occurs prior to age 18, there is evidence for considerable change in smoking behavior after this age. College may be a particularly important period to study smoking because it is a time when adolescents transition into a new social context where substance use is normative. Using a longitudinal design, daily assessments of smoking were collected during the entire first year of college for a large cohort of freshman (N=496). Findings suggested a weekly cycle of smoking such that the probability of smoking was much higher on weekends (Friday and Saturday) than on remaining days of the week. In addition to this weekly cycle, there was an overall trend for smoking to decline over the course of the year. Substantial individual variability in levels of smoking was observed. These findings provide new insights into college smoking, and have implications for assessment, policy, intervention, and future directions for research.