髋周软组织早期病理变化与激素性股骨头坏死的相关性研究

目的 通过观察激素性股骨头坏死动物模型中髋周软组织糖皮质激素受体(GR)及细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)表达的变化,结合股骨头组织病理学改变,探讨激素性股骨头坏死的早期诊断方法.方法 32只新西兰兔随机分成两组,实验组(n=24)每周2次臀部肌内注射醋酸氢化可的松注射液8.0mg/kg造模,对照组(n=8)每周2次臀部肌内注射等量生理盐水.于处理的第2、4、6、8周分批处死动物,取出双侧股骨头及髋周软组织,行股骨头常规病理组织学观察,并分析髋周软组织中GR及ICAM-1免疫组化积分光密度的变化.结果 与对照组比较,实验组髋周软组织GR表达无明显改变(P>0.05),而ICAM-1表达从第4周开始显著增高(P<0.01),股骨头空骨陷窝率从第2周开始即显著增高(P<0.05).实验组第4、8周GR表达与股骨头空骨陷窝率呈显著性正相关(r分别为0.699 0、0.605 0,P<0.05).发生股骨头坏死动物的未坏死侧髋周软组织ICAM-1积分光密度值(206.5±9.1)与坏死侧(208.2±14.2)比较无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 髋周软组织病理改变是股骨头坏死的早期危险信号,应引起足够重视.     

ICAM-1及脂代谢变化与激素性股骨头坏死的相关性实验研究

目的 了解细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)及脂代谢变化与激素性股骨头坏死(ANFH)发病的关系.方法 32只新西兰大白兔随机分成两组:实验组(n=24)每周2次肌注醋酸氢化可的松(8.0mg/kg)造模,对照组(n=8)每周2次肌注等量生理盐水.各组于处理的第0周(处理前)和第2、4、6、8周抽血测定血清ICAM-1、总胆固醇、甘油三酯水平,并于第2、4、6、8周分批处死动物,行双侧股骨头病理切片和髋周软组织ICAM-1免疫组化检测,并对股骨头行常规病理组织学观察.结果 实验组血清总胆固醇及甘油三酯自处理第6周起、ICAM-1自处理第4周起均显著高于对照组和处理前(P＜0.05或0.01),且自第4周起髋关节周围软组织ICAM-1积分光密度显著高于对照组和处理前(P＜0.05).实验组从第4周开始可见股骨头软骨改变,髓腔内脂肪细胞增生,骨小梁变细,骨细胞核固缩、边集、深染,骨陷窝空虚增多,且呈进行性加重.单侧股骨头坏死的动物,两侧髋周软组织ICAM-1积分光密度值无显著性差异(P＞0.05).在造模成功的实验兔中,血清ICAM-1和甘油三脂的表达高度相关(r=0.837 0,P＜0.01).结论 激素性股骨头坏死的发病与ICAM-1高表达及脂代谢紊乱有关.     

股骨头缺血性坏死关节周围软组织改变的MRI表现

目的 分析股骨头缺血性坏死(ANFH) 病人髋关节周围软组织改变的MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析73例经手术病理及临床证实的股骨头缺血性坏死病人的髋关节周围软组织改变的MRI表现.结果 MRI显示73例患者122个股骨头出现缺血性坏死,其中35例患者发现软组织无菌性炎症改变,且坏死分期越高改变越重.结论 MRI能早期发现股骨头缺血性坏死周围软组织异常及范围.     

血清糖皮质激素及脂代谢变化与激素性股骨头坏死的相关性实验研究

目的 探讨血清糖皮质激素(GC)及脂代谢变化在激素性股骨头坏死(ANFH)发病中的作用.方法 32只新西兰大白兔随机分成两组:实验组(n=24)每周2次肌注醋酸氢化可的松注射液8.0mg/kg造模,对照组(n=8)每周2次肌注等量生理盐水.各组于处理的0、2、4、6、8周抽血测定空腹血清GC血药浓度及血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)水平,并于第2、4、6、8周分批处死动物,将同批处死的实验组动物依据血清GC浓度分为A(低浓度组)、B(高浓度组)两组,观察股骨头的空骨陷窝率及髋周软组织中糖皮质激素受体(GR)的表达.结果 实验组血清TC浓度自第6周起、TG及GC浓度自第2周起即显著高于对照组(P＜0.05或0.01);实验组处理后各时间点GC浓度与股骨头空骨陷窝率及TG浓度均呈明显正相关,且A组空骨陷窝率及TG浓度均明显低于B组.光镜观察见实验组部分动物股骨头髓腔内脂肪细胞增生,炎细胞浸润,骨小梁变细,骨陷窝空虚增多.实验前后实验组和对照组髋周软组织中GR积分光密度(IOD)值无显著性差异(P＞0.05).第4周和第8周结果 均显示空骨陷窝率与髋周软组织内GR的IOD呈显著正相关(r值分别为0.699 0、0.605 0,P＜0.05).结论 激素性股骨头坏死的发病与GC在体内代谢缓慢及脂代谢紊乱有关,其中GR可能发挥了重要作用.     

激素性股骨头缺血坏死MRI诊断的实验研究

目的：建立股骨头缺血坏死(ANFH)动物模型，将磁共振成像(MRI)表现与组织病理学结果对照，探讨早期ANFH的病理变化和删表现的病理学基础。方法：成年新西兰兔36只，随机均分成三组。A组：为正常对照组，静脉注射生理盐水。B、C组为实验组，B组：单纯静脉注射地塞米松10mg／kg／d连续7天，间隔两周再重复一次。C组；马血清与激素共用，先静脉注射马血清10g／kg，间隔2周再重复一次；继之重复B组给药。之后4、8、16、26周后分别从3组随机各取3只，先拍X线平片再进行删，然后取双侧股骨头做组织病理检查。结果：实验组兔股骨头第8周T1WI信号强度明显降低，T2WI呈不均匀高信号，对应病理改变为骨髓水肿，骨髓腔内少量出血和少量骨细胞坏死。16、26周T1WI信号强度增高，病理显示骨髓脂肪细胞肥大并融合成大泡状，大量骨细胞坏死，骨小梁变细、中断。16、26周兔股骨头X线平片示骨质稀疏，骨小梁模糊。C组上述变化较B组显著。结论：1．采用马血清和肾上腺皮质激素共用，比单纯用肾上腺皮质激素更易诱导出较典型的ANFH动物模型。2．删能够较全面反映早期激素性ANFH的病理变化。     

激素治疗风湿病患者股骨头骨坏死风险评估的MRI研究

目的 观察激素治疗风湿病患者髋部骨及骨髓的MRI表现,分析MRI在股骨头坏死风险评估中的意义.资料与方法 激素治疗的50例风湿病患者行髋关节X线平片及冠状位MRI检查,MRI检查序列包括自旋回波T1WI、脂肪抑制序列(STIR)、动态增强扫描(DCE-MRI).采用股骨骨髓转化系数(MCI)值及DCE-MRI时间-信号强度曲线定量分析激素治疗未发生骨坏死患者股骨骨髓的信号强度及血流灌注;并选取同期年龄相匹配的20例正常志愿者作为正常对照组.结果 50例患者中,5例(6髋)发生股骨头坏死,其中1例为双髋.20例未发生骨坏死的激素治疗患者与正常对照组( 79.51±6.58)相比,股骨MCI明显增高(90.41±5.23),差异有统计学意义(t=4.10,P＜0.01);两组干骺端及股骨头的血流灌注差异有统计学意义(t=4.47,P＜0.05;t=5.12,P＜ 0.05).结论 MRI股骨骨髓转化系数及DCE-MRI是评估股骨头骨坏死风险的有效手段,可为股骨头坏死的临床研究提供影像学依据.     

严重急性呼吸综合征康复患者骨坏死与骨髓转化的MRI研究

目的 采用MRI观察严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）康复患者骨缺血坏死和股骨骨髓转化,分析SARS骨坏死的MRI特征及骨髓转化的意义。资料与方法 112例SAPS患者行股骨MRI检查,检查序列为SE T1WI及短时间反转恢复序列（STIR）。骨髓转化系数（MCI）值为T1WI干骺端信号强度与大转子信号强度的比值。结果 112例SAPS患者中23例发生骨坏死,双侧股骨头坏死13例,双侧股骨头坏死合并双侧股骨干远端骨梗死1例,单侧股骨头坏死2例,干骺端骨坏死6例,双侧膝关节骨坏死1例,MRI显示坏死区均含黄骨髓。21例无骨髓水肿的骨坏死患者MCI值高于年龄相似的无骨坏死患者,差异具有显著意义（P〈0．05）,两组激素的总量及日平均量差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论 SAPS康复患者骨坏死发生于黄骨髓含量高的部位,MCI对骨坏死的预测有重要意义。     

SARS和肾移植患者大剂量应用激素后发生缺血性股骨头坏死的比较

目的对SARS和同种异体肾移植术（下称肾移植）两组患者接受糖皮质激素治疗后缺血性股骨头坏死的发生率进行比较,并分析其差异原因,探讨糖皮质激素及其他因素在缺血性股骨头坏死发生中的作用。方法对67例SARS和59例肾移植术后患者的资料进行回顾性分析,主要包括：双侧髋关节MRI、激素用药情况（累积剂量、单次最大剂量和用药时间）、体重、负重指数、最低动脉血氧分压和辅助通气情况。结果缺血性股骨头坏死发生率SARS组为23．9％（16／67）,肾移植组为6．8％（4／59）,两组比较差异显著（P〈0．05）;两组间静脉注射甲泼尼龙累积剂量无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,肾移植组口服泼尼松累积剂量、甲泼尼龙单次最大剂量、激素用药时间及最低动脉血氧分压均大于SARS组（P〈0．01）。结论静脉大剂量使用激素是SARS和肾移植术后发生缺血性股骨头坏死的基础因素之一,急性期缺氧、病毒侵犯和免疫反应等其他因素可能与缺血性股骨头坏死发病有关。     

激素性股骨头缺血性坏死模型的动物实验研究

目的:探讨激素性股骨头坏死(ANFH)的病理发展过程及影像学表现.方法:将30只家兔随机分为模型组、对照组,用氢化可的松制成激素性股骨头缺血性坏死模型,分别观察注射后2、4、6、8、10周股骨头组织病理学和影像学改变.结果:组织病理学观察:模型组早期变化较局限,8周以后股骨头骨细胞变性、坏死,空缺骨陷窝增多,骨小梁变细、断裂,结构紊乱;对照组正常.钼靶X线摄影兔股骨头可见斑片状密度减低影;CT兔股骨头可见囊状透亮区和斑片状密度减低影;MRI兔股骨头在T1WI呈不规则低信号,T2WI呈低信号或高信号.结论:氢化可的松能成功制作家兔股骨头缺血性坏死模型,而且改进方法效果更理想;早期股骨头缺血性坏死影像诊断上CT和MRI优于钼靶X线,MRI是诊断最敏感的方法.     

股骨头缺血性坏死MRI压脂扫描的表现

目的探讨股骨头缺血性坏死MRI压脂扫描的诊断意义。方法21例(男12例,女9例)中大剂量长期使用肾上腺皮质激素9例,大量长期饮酒5例,髋关节骨折脱位4例,感染3例。全部检查使用GESignaProfileSYS#0.2TMR机,体部线圈,轴位和冠位图像,扫描参数:T1WI;T2WI;抑制脂肪扫描(fat-suppression,FSEIR);TR/TE3000ms/36ms。结果21例病人36个病灶,8个病灶A型(脂肪信号型)表现;B型(血液信号型)6个病灶;C型(水样信号型)10个病灶;D型(纤维组织号型)12个病灶。T2WI显示16个病灶低信号带内出现高信号强度带即“双线征”。脂肪压抑扫描显示A、D型病灶显示低信号强度,B、C型病灶显示高信号强度。结论MRI压脂扫描对明确股骨头缺血性坏死的病理改变、指导临床诊断和治疗有重要意义。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.