球囊扩张术治疗儿童食管良性狭窄的疗效北大核心CSCD

目的 探讨透视下球囊扩张术治疗不同原因的儿童食管良性狭窄的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2018年3月至2021年5月天津市儿童医院收治的17例食管良性狭窄患儿的临床资料。患儿中,食管闭锁术后吻合口狭窄组(Ⅰ组)8例,腐蚀性食管狭窄组(Ⅱ组)5例,食道裂孔疝加贲门成形术后贲门狭窄1例,贲门失迟缓症1例,先天性食管狭窄1例。患儿存在吞咽困难,经X线钡餐造影确诊食管狭窄后,在放射线引导下进行食管狭窄的球囊扩张治疗,术后随访6~18个月,观察疗效。结果 17例患儿共进行49次球囊扩张术,每例患儿平均扩张2.88次(1~9次),球囊直径为6~25 mm。Ⅰ组患儿扩张成功7例;Ⅱ组患儿成功扩张4例,其余患儿均扩张成功。术后随访6~18个月,长期有效13例,Ⅰ组长期有效6例,Ⅱ组长期有效4例,余患儿均长期有效。术中术后均无严重并发症出现。结论 透视下食管球囊扩张术治疗不同原因儿童食管良性狭窄安全有效。     

球囊扩张成形术在小儿食管狭窄中的应用

目的 总结球囊扩张成形术在小儿食管狭窄治疗中的应用,评价其安全性、有效性和影响疗效的因素.方法 回顾性分析30例小儿食管狭窄行球囊扩张成形术的临床资料,其中先天性食管闭锁术后吻合口狭窄20例,先天性食管下段狭窄5例,误服强碱食管腐蚀伤后狭窄5例.按扩张次数将患儿分为3组,A组18例,行1次球囊扩张,均为先天性食管闭锁术后吻合口狭窄患儿;B组7例,行2～3次球囊扩张,主要为先天性食管狭窄和先天性食管闭锁术后吻合口狭窄患儿;C组5例,行4～6次球囊扩张,为食管化学性烧灼伤患儿.扩张前行上消化道造影检查,明确病灶部位及狭窄程度,分别使用不同规格球囊进行扩张;扩张后复查造影进行对照分析了解扩张效果,分析各组间病因、食管狭窄长度和狭窄食管直径对扩张效果的影响.结果 30例患儿共接受62次扩张,平均每例扩张2.1次(1～6次).27例患儿扩张后呕吐症状明显改善,体重明显增加;3例化学性烧灼伤患儿疗效不佳,转而进行手术治疗,全部患儿未发生穿孔、呕血或黑便等并发症.A、B、C3组患儿食管扩张前狭窄段平均直径分别为:4.0 mm(3.0 ～ 5.0),4.3 mm(2.5 ～ 6.0)和4.4 mm(4.0～5.0),平均狭窄段长度分别为(1.18±0.59)cm,(1.53±0.49)cm和(7.50±2.89)cm.3组扩张成功率分别为18/18、7/7和2/5.C组患儿食管狭窄段长度显著大于其他两组,P＜ 0.05.C组患儿扩张有效率显著低于A、B组(P＜ 0.01).结论 球囊扩张成形术治疗小儿食管狭窄操作简便,安全有效,可以有效地解除患儿的食管狭窄症状,是治疗小儿食管狭窄的首选方法.食管闭锁术后吻合口狭窄和先天性食管狭窄患儿扩张有效率高;化学性烧灼伤患儿需要反复多次扩张和再手术.     

先天性食管闭锁手术后吻合口狭窄的介入治疗

目的 报道13例先天性食管闭锁术后食管吻合口狭窄婴儿使用球囊扩张术治疗。方法 13例患儿均为食管闭锁术后吻合口狭窄,年龄为3～10个月,球囊扩张前均先行食管吞钡检查,显示狭窄段内径仅1～3mm。采用球囊导管分次扩张。所用球囊直径6～12mm。结果 每例经2～3次扩张,13例共进行球囊扩张30次,扩张后疗效明显,保持临床无症状期6～30个月,无食管穿孔并发症。结论 球囊扩张术简单、安全、有效,为婴儿先天性食管闭锁手术后吻合口狭窄的首选疗法。     

应用球囊导管行尿道扩张术—对前列腺肥大症及术后尿道狭窄症治疗经验

作者应用球囊导管治疗4例前列腺肥大症及1例术后尿道狭窄症。插管按Gastaneda 方法施行,术前静脉给抗菌素,肌注阿托品0.5mg 及氯丙嗪25～50mg,取左前斜位卧于透视床上,用2%利多卡因10ml 从外尿道口注入行尿道麻醉,然后进行尿道造影,观察尿道狭窄状态,确认外尿道括约肌位置,在体表标记。例1及例5扩张球囊直径为20mm×3cm,例2～4为25mm×3cm,透视下将     

球囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症(附24例报告)

自 8 0年代对食管狭窄的治疗开始采用球囊导管扩张术并取得成功经验以来 ,关于贲门失弛缓症应用球囊导管扩张术进行治疗的评价很多 ,其疗效不同、褒贬不一。本文通过对 4年来收治的 2 4例经球囊导管扩张术治疗的贲门失弛缓症 (achala sia ,以下简称AC)病人的资料进行回顾观察 ,对其疗效进行评价和总结。1　材料与方法本组 2 4例病人 ,男 14例 ,女 10例 ;年龄 16～ 68岁 ,平均 5 0岁。所有病人均经临床症状及上胃肠道钡餐造影检查证实为AC。所有病人均首次行球囊导管扩张术治疗。术前常规行出凝血时间、心电图检查。术日禁食水 ,术前肌注安…     

儿童良性食管狭窄的介入治疗

目的 评价儿童良性食管狭窄使用球囊扩张及暂时性覆膜可回收支架治疗的疗效.方法 44例(男29例,女15例,平均年龄7岁)儿童良性食管狭窄接受食管球囊扩张治疗,对球囊扩张后临床症状及吞咽评分改善不满意的患儿置放暂时性覆膜可回收支架.结果 44例儿童良性食管狭窄疗效明显,食管穿孔等并发症罕见,术后6～30个月保持临床无症状,吞咽评分由2~3改善为0～1,治疗效果满意.结论 本方法安全简单且实用,可作为儿童良性食管狭窄首选的治疗方法.     

食管-胃吻合口严重瘢痕性狭窄大球囊过度扩张治疗

目的探讨大球囊扩张成形治疗食管-胃吻合口严重瘢痕性狭窄的疗效和价值。方法透视下应用直径27～30mm的大球囊导管对36例食管-胃吻合口瘢痕性狭窄患者进行扩张治疗。结果26例(72．2％)一次性扩张治愈,8例(22．2％)扩张2次,2例(5．6％)扩张3次。术后随访6～40个月,吞咽困难缓解率100％,均无严重并发症和复发。结论利用大球囊扩张成形治疗食管一胃吻合口瘢痕性狭窄安全、有效,可取代内支架置入达到根治目的,值得大力推广。     

球囊扩张治疗小儿上胃肠道狭窄

目的:探讨球囊扩张成形术在小儿上胃肠道狭窄中的应用价值.方法:回顾性分析9例小儿上胃肠道狭窄球囊扩张治疗前后的胃肠造影表现.其中,先天性食管下段狭窄4例,贲门失弛缓症3例,强碱食管腐蚀伤后狭窄1例,十二指肠隔膜状狭窄术后吻合口狭窄1例.7例行两次球囊扩张,1例行三次球囊扩张,1例行一次球囊扩张.扩张前均行上消化道钡餐或碘油造影检查,明确病灶部位及狭窄程度后分别使用8 mm×40 mm～20 mm×40 mm球囊进行扩张;扩张后复查上消化道造影进行对照分析.结果:6例患儿扩张前狭窄段直径约0.3～0.5 cm,扩张后达1.4～2.0 cm;2例经球囊扩张后狭窄段直径达0.8～1.0 cm,梗阻症状明显改善,后转手术治疗;1例行一次扩张后自动出院,治疗效果不详.结论:球囊扩张成形术创伤小,操作简便,效果良好,是治疗小儿上胃肠道狭窄的首选方法.     

食管癌伴发的食管呼吸道瘘:用Gianturco支撑管治疗

用能自行扩张涂覆硅的Gianturco支撑管对8例因食管癌引起的食管呼吸道瘘病人进行姑息性治疗。治疗前8例病人不能吞咽食物或饮水。每例病人行钡剂食管造影以显示肿瘤的位置和范围并明确食管、呼吸道和/或胸膜间隙之间的瘘道。作者使用Song等设计的涂覆硅的Gianturco式支撑管。用长4～6cm和12mm直径的食管球囊扩张狭窄部位。在支撑管置入食管以前,一个长4cm直径为15mm的球囊导管先通过推送导管,待推送导管经过引导管插入,支撑管套在球囊导管外置入,放     

儿童食管化学性灼伤致疤痕狭窄的介入治疗

目的 探讨儿童食管化学性灼伤致疤痕狭窄的介入球囊扩张治疗的疗效。方法 8例化学性灼伤致食管疤痕患儿在出现临床症状如咽下困难，反流，及呕吐后1-3月内接受了球囊扩张治疗，全部患儿经随访6个月-2年。结果 8例患儿经球囊扩张治疗4-12次。其中7例临床症状明显改善，基本上能进普食，随访6个月-2年无狭窄症状；1例碱性物质灼伤共经12次扩张治疗效果不佳。行外科手术治疗。结论 球囊扩张术治疗儿童食管化学性灼伤致疤痕狭窄是一种安全可靠有效的治疗方法，但食管狭窄严重经多次球囊扩张术无效，需手术治疗。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）