老年重症急性胰腺炎合并急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征的临床特点和预后相关因素分析

目的 探讨老年重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）合并急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ALI/ARDS）的临床特点和预后的相关危险因素。方法 选取2018年1月至2020年12月商丘市第一人民医院收治的128例老年SAP合并ALI/ARDS患者,总结他们的临床特点,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响预后的危险因素。结果 胰腺炎病因以胆源性、高脂血症为主,ALI 81例,ARDS 47例。以确诊ALI/ARDS后30 d为截点,80例患者死亡,死亡率为62.50%。单因素分析结果显示患者预后与年龄、查尔森合并症指数（CCI）评分、脓毒血症、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）评分、早期肠内营养、腹腔间隔室综合征（ACS）、肺外器官功能衰竭数目、机械通气治疗时间和氧合指数相关（P<0.05）。多因素分析结果显示CCI评分≥3分、脓毒血症、APACHEⅡ评分≥20分、腹腔、肺外器官衰竭数目≥2、机械通气治疗时间≥5 d和氧合指数<200 mmHg是影响患者预后的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 老年SAP合并ALI/ARDS患者病情危重,死亡率高。对于合并症较多、感...     

持续性血液净化联合乌司他丁治疗ARDS的临床研究

目的评价持续性血液净化联合乌司他丁治疗ARDS--急性呼吸窘迫综合症的临床效果,为ARDS临床治疗工作提供参考。方法选择我院2016年5月-2018年1月期间收治住院治疗的60例ARDS患者,以随机数字表法分组(试验组、参照组),各30例。参照组ARDS患者接受常规治疗的基础上加行连续血液净化治疗,试验组ARDS患者在参照组基础上加行乌司他丁治疗。对比2组ARDS患者治疗期间氧合指数、IL-6、TNF-α、APACHEⅡ评分变化情况以及机械通气时间、ICU治疗时间。结果试验组ARDS患者机械通气、ICU治疗时间均明显短于参照组,治疗后氧合指数、IL-6、TNF-α以及APACHEⅡ评分均明显优于治疗前以及参照组治疗后,P0.05。结论给予ARDS患者持续性血液净化联合乌司他丁治疗预后效果显著,可以明显改善患者氧合、抑制炎症反应。     

肺部超声在急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者中的应用研究

目的探讨肺部超声在急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者肺水肿评估以及指导肺部治疗的应用价值。方法将上海市第七人民医院重症医学科收治的60例ARDS患者随机分为肺部超声组和对照组,每组各30例。收集患者性别、年龄、病因,记录患者入科时及第7 d的相关数据:急性生理学和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、序贯器官衰竭评分(SOFA)、白细胞计数(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、血管外肺水指数、氧合指数、机械通气治疗时间,肺部超声组收集肺部超声评分,两组患者的7天好转率、重症加强治疗病房(ICU)住院时间、28天死亡率。研究肺部超声在评估患者病情危重程度、治疗过程、预测预后的价值,以及肺部超声评分与血管外肺水指数等的相关性。结果两组在治疗前的APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、氧合指数、血管外肺水指数、WBC、CRP、PCT差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗7 d后两组患者均有改善,肺部超声组改善更明显,机械通气时间更短(P<0.05)。肺部超声组患者7天好转率较对照组高,入住ICU时间较对照组缩短,28天死亡率较对照组低(P<0.05)。所有患者的血管外肺水指数与APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分均呈正相关,与氧合指数呈负相关。肺部超声评分与APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、血管外肺水指数均呈正相关,与氧合指数呈负相关。结论肺部超声在ARDS患者中能有效评估患者的严重程度,指导ARDS患者的个体化治疗,预测患者预后,可作为ARDS患者的常规监测手段。     

不同通气策略在ARDS治疗中的应用效果研究

目的探讨不同通气策略在ARDS治疗中的应用效果。方法研究选取在2015年12月至2018年11月接诊的36例ARDS患者,随机分观察组18例(ARPV通气)、对照组18例(SIMV通气)。比较两组ARDS患者通气时长及24 h、72 h的氧合指数。结果观察组在通气时长及24 h、72 h的氧合指数各项数据上均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论 ARPV通气措施可有效改善ARDS患者预后,减少其机械通气时长,效果显著。     

ARDS患者35例院内死亡的危险因素分析

目的 研究常见临床因素对急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acuterespiratory disstress syndrome,ARDS)患者存活率的影响.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月-2010年12月ARDS患者35例.患者分为死亡组和存活组,比较2组患者在年龄、性别、ARDS诱因、急性生理与慢性健康Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ,APACHE Ⅱ)评分、最低改良氧合指数、真菌感染率、多器官功能障碍综合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS)发生率等多项资料的差异.结果 存活组与死亡组APACHE Ⅱ评分[(13.7±5.6)分 vs (18.7±6.1)分]、真菌感染率(7/17,41.2% vs 2/18,11.1%)及MODS发生率(12/17,70.6% vs 2/18,11.1%),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 ARDS死亡患者具有较高的APACHE Ⅱ评分、并发真菌感染及MODS发生率,这可能是造成ARDS病死率升高的危险因素.     

早期连续性肾脏替代治疗联合血液灌流预防急重症性胰腺炎急性肺损伤的临床研究

目的探讨早期连续性肾脏替代治疗（CRRT）联合血液灌流（HP）对急性重症胰腺炎（SAP）患者氧合指数的影响及其临床意义。方法将40例SAP患者随机分成A组、B组,每组20例,两组均给予常规治疗,B组在常规治疗的基础上接受CRRT＋HP治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后APACHEⅡ评分、氧合指数变化及急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ALI/ARDS）发生率、机械通气比率、呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）发生率及入住ICU时间。结果随治疗时间延长,两组患者氧合指数有逐步上升趋势,但B组患者氧合指数上升程度大于A组（P〈0.05）;两组APACHEⅡ评分随治疗时间延长而下降,B组APACHEⅡ评分下降程度大于A组（P〈0.05）。A组ALI/ARDS发生率为75.0%,机械通气比率为75.0%,VAP发生率为55.0%,均明显高于B组的40.0%、40.0%和10.0%（P〈0.05）;A组入住ICU时间为（17.7±4.2）d,明显长于B组的（13.0±4.4）d（P〈0.05）。结论在常规治疗的基础上早期应用CRRT联合HP治疗SAP患者能有效改善APACHEⅡ评分、氧合指数,并可降低ALI/ARDS、VAP发生率,缩短患者住ICU时间。     

急性呼吸窘迫综合征预后的影响因素探讨

目的 探讨影响急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)预后的因素.方法 对我院呼吸内科重症监护室(RICU)30例ARDS患者性别、年龄、基础疾病、 诱发因素(肺源性、肺外源性)、合并下呼吸道感染、行机械通气、并发多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)、 发病至确诊时间、APACHEⅡ评分、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、血尿素氮(BUN)等因素与其预后的关系行单因素分析.将单因素分析有显著性意义的变量分级并赋值,采用多因素 Logistic回归筛选预后因素.结果 30例ARDS患者死亡20例,存活10例.患者的病死率与性别、年龄、诱发因素、合并下呼吸道感染、行机械通气无关.死亡组与存活组患者的APACHEⅡ评分、PaO2/FiO2、CRP、ALB基础值(治疗前) 比较差异均无显著性(P＞0.05). 既往患基础病、并发MODS、发病至确诊时间长、CRP升高及确诊时BUN指标异常是ARDS患者死亡的独立危险因素.结论 既往患基础疾病、并发MODS、发病至确诊时间长、CRP升高与ARDS患者死亡密切相关.     

影响ARDS患者预后的危险因素分析

目的探讨并分析影响急性呼吸窘迫症（ARDS）患者预后的危险因素。方法收集86例ARDS患者的临床资料,用Logistic逐步回归法分析患者年龄、使用呼吸机、血糖、继发肺部感染、发病早晚及基础疾病与患者预后的关系,分析ARDS患者预后的危险因素。结果 86例ARDS患者死亡40例,存活46例,死亡率为46.51%（40/86）。其中感染组与非感染组,肺部感染组与非肺部感染组,合并基础疾病组与无基础疾病组、合并MODS组与无MODS组比较,感染组、肺部感染组、合并基础疾病组、合并MODS组死亡率高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。对患者年龄、基础疾病、感染原因导致的ARDS、机械通气、血糖、合并MODS、早发与晚发ARDS、确诊时APACHE评分、确诊时ALB指标、确诊时BUN指标进行单因素方差分析后,再对分析结果中具有统计学差异的变量进行Logistic多因素回归分析,结果显示,年龄、基础疾病、感染原因导致的ARDS、合并MODS、确诊时APACHEⅡ评分等可能是ARDS患者预后的危险因素。结论年龄、基础疾病、感染原因导致的ARDS、合并MODS、确诊时APACHEⅡ评分与ARDS患者预后密切相关。     

APACHEⅡ评分、动脉血乳酸、氧合指数、CRP、D-二聚体等指标对重症肺炎预后的价值

目的探讨急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)、动脉血乳酸(Lac)、氧合指数、C反应蛋白(CRP)以及D-二聚体预测对重症肺炎患者预后的价值。方法选择2012年1月至2014年12月入住岳池县人民医院ICU病房的106例重症肺炎患者,根据患者预后情况分为存活组(51例)和死亡组(55例),测定两组患者入住ICU后APACHEⅡ、Lac、氧和指数、CRP以及D-二聚体等指标水平,分析上述指标与患者预后的关系。结果入ICU时,死亡组患者的年龄高于存活组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);存活组患者与死亡组患者重症社区获得性肺炎(SCAP)和重症医院获得性肺炎(SCAP)比例、机械通气比例以及合并基础疾病种类比较差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者的APACHEⅡ、氧和指数、Lac、CRP以及D-二聚体比较差异均有统计学意义[(20.3±4.2)比(27.5±5.1);(278.1±25.3)比(257.4±29.0);(3.3±1.1)mmol/L比(4.3±1.3)mmol/L;(72.0±28.9)mg/L比(105.5±32.7)mg/L;(3.5±1.2)mg/L比(5.2±2.1)mg/L](P<0.01);死亡组中APACHEⅡ>30分(69.2%)、氧合指数<250(68.4%)、Lac>4 mmol/L(69.1%)、CRP≥100mg/L(74.4%)以及D-二聚体≥5.0 mg/L(73.2%)的患者所占的比例均高于存活组[分别为(30.8%、31.6%、30.9%、25.6%以及26.8%)],比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论APACHEⅡ、氧和指数、Lac、C反应蛋白及D-二聚体与重症肺炎患者的预后密切相关,超越临界值患者的死亡风险较高,临床在诊疗时应密切注意。     

乌司他丁治疗西宁地区急性肺损伤的临床研究

目的：观察乌司他丁对西宁地区急性肺损伤（ALI）的疗效。方法：将50例急性肺损伤患者,随机分为两组,实验组25例,对照组25例,所有患者均行ICU综合治疗,实验组加用乌司他丁,观察两组患者呼吸频率（RR）、血气指标、急性生理和慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ评分）、急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）发生率及死亡率变化。结果：治疗第7天实验组患者RR、APACHEⅡ评分、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、氧合指数（PaO2/FiO2）较对照组明显改善（P〈0.05）,两组间ARDS发生率及死亡率比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：乌司他丁能显著改善西宁地区急性肺损伤患者的氧合,降低ARDS发生率,对改善预后有积极的作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.