肢体骨肉瘤引流区淋巴结转移

目的 了解肢体骨肉瘤患者的引流区淋巴结转移情况，分析其出现的原因及应采取的对策。方法 通过复习病历、手术记录和病理，回顾我院自１９８０年２月～１９９７年１０月肢体骨肉瘤患者的引流我淋巴结转移病程、化疗情况及当时所采取的措施。结果 ７２例患者中有７例出现引流区淋巴结转移，占９．７％，保肢手术引流区淋巴结转移５例，占９．４％（４／５３）。７例患者均未接受正规方案化疗，可能是导致淋巴结转移的重要原因。６     

直肠癌保肛手术方式探讨

作者报告１９９１年１月￣１９９５年６月期间为直肠癌患者施行的保留肛门手术２４例。肠道重建用拖出吻合或器械吻合法。随访时间为３￣５４个月。本组无手术死亡和吻合口漏。除２例于随访期间死于其他原因外，余无局部复发和远处转移。肛门括约肌功能在术后６个月基本恢复正常，大便成形，能自控。我们认为，癌肿距肛缘〉５ｃｍ，Ｄｕｋｅｓ＇分期为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ１期，术中无周围脏器浸润或远处转移的中低位直肠癌，均可选用保留肛门     

进展期结直肠癌淋巴转移规律的临床研究

目的 研究进展期结直肠癌淋巴结转移规律。评价手术根治程度。方法 分析１１４例结直肠癌行扩大的Ｄ３式根治术后淋巴结１００５个,按肿瘤旁、肠管纵轴和中枢方向淋巴结分组分站。结果 肿瘤旁、肠管纵轴方向淋巴结转移率、转移度和阳性淋巴结分布率分别为４３．９％、３７．２％和５８．９％及３２．５％￣１５．９％和１７．５％,口 端有淋巴结转移大多在１０ｃｍ以内,而直肠癌肛侧端距肿瘤２．０ｃｍ以内转移率为５．５￣２     

血管扩张性骨肉瘤的诊治

目的 提高血管扩张性骨肉瘤的早期诊断水平,避免误诊或延误治疗。方法 对１９９１～１９９８年收治的１０例血管扩张性骨肉瘤患者的临床影像病理特征进行回顾总结。１０例患者中,男６例,女４例,平均年龄２３．４岁,病灶部位：骨干５例,其中股骨干２例,肱骨干３例;干骺端偏干侧３例,其中股骨上段１例,胫骨上段２例;骨端２例,其中股骨下端１例,胫骨下端１例,术前仅２例经切开活检诊断为血管扩张性骨肉瘤;术前化疗８例,行保肢手术３例,截肢７例,１０例患者均行术后化疗。结果 经６～７２个月（平均２８个胡访,６例肺转移,５例死亡,１例带瘤存活,余４例无瘤存活,均未出现局部复发。结论 对血管扩张性骨肉瘤应结合临床影像病理,早期明确诊断并施以正确治疗。     

老年骨肉瘤10例治疗总结

目的探讨老年骨肉瘤（≥60岁）的临床特点和治疗效果。 方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2017年3月期间山东大学齐鲁医院骨科收治的≥60岁的骨肉瘤患者10例,女性8例,男性2例,年龄60~76岁,平均（66±6）岁,病变位于股骨5例、踝关节软组织1例、多中心1例、骨盆（Ⅲ区）1例、肱骨1例、距骨1例。确诊后行截肢术2例,截肢术结合化疗2例,广泛切除术1例,广泛切除术结合化疗3例,边缘切除结合放疗1例,单纯化疗1例。 结果10例患者中,4例就诊时病史已超过6个月,2例就诊时已出现肺转移,5例合并基础疾病,2例血清ALP水平升高（>125 U/L）。影像学方面,7例为混合型,1例为溶骨型,1例为成骨型,1例位于软组织。肿瘤组织类型方面,普通型骨肉瘤7例,骨旁骨肉瘤2例,髓内高分化性骨肉瘤1例。10例患者随访3.5~124个月,平均（40±37）个月。1例接受单纯化疗的肺转移患者于明确诊断后3.5个月死亡,另1例肺转移患者接受转移灶射频消融术,随访58个月带瘤生存,1例距骨骨肉瘤复发后行截肢术。其余7例均未出现肿瘤复发或远处转移。 结论老年骨肉瘤临床较为少见,具有不同于青少年骨肉瘤的临床特点和预后,应早期明确诊断,采取适合患者自身情况的治疗方法,以尽可能降低复发和转移的发生率,延长生存期。     

股骨远端疲劳骨折误诊教训

目的 提高对疲劳骨折的认识和诊断水平,避免误诊误治。方法 报告和总结５例股骨远端疲劳骨折的诊治经验和误诊教训。结果 ５例患者均为男性,年龄１８￣２３岁,病程３￣６周,均有高强度运动史。经Ｘ线片检查及病理活检,初步诊断为骨肉瘤;后经仔细询问并分析病史,结合系列Ｘ线片观察,诊断为股骨远端疲劳骨折。经患肢适当制动和对症治疗,患者症状逐渐减轻或消失,均痊愈出院。随访７￣１８个月,患者无异常。结论 仔细询问     

四肢恶性肿瘤的保留肢体手术治疗

１９７４年１１月￣１９９３年１２月，对经病理证实的１１０例四肢恶性肿瘤，做保留肢体的手术治疗。其中４２例肿瘤局限于软组织内，采用肿瘤彻底切除后，带血管蒂或吻合血管的皮瓣或肌皮瓣修复。５１例肿瘤局限于骨组织内，手术切除后的骨缺损，采用自体长骨植骨，吻合血管的骨移植术，深低温保存的同种异体骨及人工假体置换术等多种形式来替代。骨愈合时间为２．５￣３．５个月。对１７例病变累及骨及软组织的，施行短缩肢体的瘤     

99例骨肉瘤肺转移患者随访结果分析

目的 了解骨肉瘤肺转移的预后情况,分析影响预后的因素.方法 回顾2000年1月至2008年7月治疗的99例骨肉瘤肺转移患者的临床资料,并对其预后进行随访,随访时间13～91个月,平均24.45个月.其中男65例,女34例;确诊时年龄7～68岁,平均20.39岁.患者均接受原发部位肿瘤切除治疗,93例患者接受新辅助化疗,6例因经济原因而未行其他辅助治疗.16例患者在就诊时即存在肺转移;47例在接受治疗期间发现肺转移,36例在随访期间发生肺转移.就发病年龄、肺转移数目、肺转移发生时段、合并其他部位的转移、原发肿瘤对化疗的反应、肺转移治疗等有可能影响预后的因素进行统计学分析.结果 从确诊骨肉瘤到发现肺转移时间为0～74个月,平均9.05个月.患者确诊骨肉瘤后的中位生存时间为25个月;累计一年、两年及五年生存率分别为87.4%、56.8%、23.4%.单因素统计分析显示骨肉瘤肺转移影响生存的有效预后因素为肺转移发生的时段及针对肺转移病灶的治疗;多因素统计分析显示肺转移发生的时段是影响预后的独立因素.其他因素如发病年龄、肺转移数目、合并其他部位的转移、原发肿瘤对化疗的反应等不具有统计学意义.结论 转移发生较晚且积极干预的骨肉瘤患者可获得较好的预后.对肺转移瘤进行积极的手术切除和辅助化疗能有效延长骨肉瘤肺转移患者的生存时间.     

99例骨肉瘤肺转移患者随访结果分析

目的 了解骨肉瘤肺转移的预后情况,分析影响预后的因素.方法 回顾2000年1月至2008年7月治疗的99例骨肉瘤肺转移患者的临床资料,并对其预后进行随访,随访时间13～91个月,平均24.45个月.其中男65例,女34例;确诊时年龄7～68岁,平均20.39岁.患者均接受原发部位肿瘤切除治疗,93例患者接受新辅助化疗,6例因经济原因而未行其他辅助治疗.16例患者在就诊时即存在肺转移;47例在接受治疗期间发现肺转移,36例在随访期间发生肺转移.就发病年龄、肺转移数目、肺转移发生时段、合并其他部位的转移、原发肿瘤对化疗的反应、肺转移治疗等有可能影响预后的因素进行统计学分析.结果 从确诊骨肉瘤到发现肺转移时间为0～74个月,平均9.05个月.患者确诊骨肉瘤后的中位生存时间为25个月;累计一年、两年及五年生存率分别为87.4%、56.8%、23.4%.单因素统计分析显示骨肉瘤肺转移影响生存的有效预后因素为肺转移发生的时段及针对肺转移病灶的治疗;多因素统计分析显示肺转移发生的时段是影响预后的独立因素.其他因素如发病年龄、肺转移数目、合并其他部位的转移、原发肿瘤对化疗的反应等不具有统计学意义.结论 转移发生较晚且积极干预的骨肉瘤患者可获得较好的预后.对肺转移瘤进行积极的手术切除和辅助化疗能有效延长骨肉瘤肺转移患者的生存时间.     

99例骨肉瘤肺转移患者随访结果分析

目的 了解骨肉瘤肺转移的预后情况,分析影响预后的因素.方法 回顾2000年1月至2008年7月治疗的99例骨肉瘤肺转移患者的临床资料,并对其预后进行随访,随访时间13～91个月,平均24.45个月.其中男65例,女34例;确诊时年龄7～68岁,平均20.39岁.患者均接受原发部位肿瘤切除治疗,93例患者接受新辅助化疗,6例因经济原因而未行其他辅助治疗.16例患者在就诊时即存在肺转移;47例在接受治疗期间发现肺转移,36例在随访期间发生肺转移.就发病年龄、肺转移数目、肺转移发生时段、合并其他部位的转移、原发肿瘤对化疗的反应、肺转移治疗等有可能影响预后的因素进行统计学分析.结果 从确诊骨肉瘤到发现肺转移时间为0～74个月,平均9.05个月.患者确诊骨肉瘤后的中位生存时间为25个月;累计一年、两年及五年生存率分别为87.4%、56.8%、23.4%.单因素统计分析显示骨肉瘤肺转移影响生存的有效预后因素为肺转移发生的时段及针对肺转移病灶的治疗;多因素统计分析显示肺转移发生的时段是影响预后的独立因素.其他因素如发病年龄、肺转移数目、合并其他部位的转移、原发肿瘤对化疗的反应等不具有统计学意义.结论 转移发生较晚且积极干预的骨肉瘤患者可获得较好的预后.对肺转移瘤进行积极的手术切除和辅助化疗能有效延长骨肉瘤肺转移患者的生存时间.     

腺泡状软组织肉瘤22例临床治疗分析

目的探讨腺泡状软组织肉瘤的临床治疗和预后。方法对１９７３～１９９６年间收治的２２例腺泡状软组织肉瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果２２例均接受手术治疗,其中１７例行肿瘤局部切除,５例行扩大切除。７例病理误诊为其他软组织肿瘤（占３２％）。９例术后进行了预防性辅助放疗和（或）化疗。对２１例患者随访４个月至９年。６例患者术后复发（占２８％）,１３例出现肺转移（占６２％）,５例在随访８个月至４年５个月时死亡（占２４％）,６例患者生存５年以上。全组经ＫａｐｌａｎＭｅｉｒｅ生存率计算其３年、４年、５年生存率分别为８３％、７５％及６６％。结论腺泡状软组织肉瘤多需病理学诊断,肿瘤局部切除是复发和转移最重要的因素,术后预防性辅助治疗对局部复发和转移没有明显的控制作用,对出现肺转移的患者采取多程标准化疗方案进行治疗,临床效果尚满意     

Clear cell sarcoma: an institutional review

Clear cell sarcoma of the tendons and aponeuroses (CCSTA) is an aggressive, rare soft-tissue tumor representing approximately 1 per cent of all soft tissue sarcomas. Although it appears to be histogenetically related to melanoma, its clinical behavior resembles soft tissue sarcoma with a propensity for lymph node metastases. We report our experience at a tertiary referral center. Eight cases of CCSTA evaluated at the University of Illinois at Chicago's Medical Center between 1980 and 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient data analyzed included age, gender, anatomic location, size of tumor, development of local, regional, and distant recurrence, and patient status at last follow-up. Local recurrence did not develop in any patient. Metastases developed in three patients with median time to presentation of metastases of 23 months (range, 8-36 months) from the time of initial diagnosis. Two of these three patients died of their disease with an average interval until death of 22 months from the time of initial diagnosis. The disease-free 2- and 5-year survivals were 68 per cent and 50 per cent, respectively. The overall 2- and 5-year survivals were 86 per cent and 68 per cent, respectively. CCSTA is an aggressive tumor of the soft tissues. These tumors present a high risk for development of distant disease and therefore warrant aggressive surgical management and treatment. Neither aggressive multiagent chemotherapy nor radiotherapy appeared to have an impact on outcome.     

Radical resection of rectal cancer primary tumor provides effective local therapy in patients with stage IV disease

Background The optimal use of radical surgery to palliate primary rectal cancers presenting with synchronous distant metastases is poorly defined. We have reviewed stage IV rectal cancer patients to evaluate the effectiveness of radical surgery without radiation as local therapy. Methods Eighty stage IV patients with resectable primary rectal tumors treated with radical rectal surgery without radiotherapy were identified. Sixty-one (76%) patients received chemotherapy; response information was available for 34 patients. Results Radical resection was accomplished by low anterior resection (n=65), abdominoperineal resection (n=11), and Hartmann’s resection (n=4). Surgical complications were seen in 12 patients (15%), with 1 death and 4 reoperations. The local recurrence rate was 6% (n=5), with a median time to local recurrence of 14 months. Only one patient received pelvic radiotherapy as salvage treatment. One patient required subsequent diverting colostomy. Median survival was 25 months. On multivariate analysis, the extent of metastasis and response to chemotherapy were determinants of prolonged survival. Conclusions For patients who present with distant metastases and resectable primary rectal cancers, radical surgery without radiotherapy can provide durable local control with acceptable morbidity. The extent of metastatic disease and the response to chemotherapy are the major determinants of survival. Effective systemic chemotherapy should be given high priority in the treatment of stage IV rectal cancer.     

Caffeine-potentiated chemotherapy for metastatic osteosarcoma

Background

The prognosis for patients with metastatic osteosarcoma is still poor despite the development of effective adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens. We have developed caffeine-potentiated chemotherapy for treatment of high-grade bone and soft tissue sarcomas based on the ability of caffeine to enhance the cytocidal effects of anticancer drugs. We report results of caffeine-potentiated chemotherapy for patients with osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases.

Methods

We analyzed retrospectively overall survival and some prognostic factors for 41 patients with osteosarcoma/pulmonary metastases who were treated with caffeine-potentiated chemotherapy between 1990 and 2006.

Results

The mean follow-up of all patients was 32.7 months. At the time of the final follow-up, 11 patients were alive and 30 had died of disease. Overall survival rates at 2 and 5 years were 38% and 28%, respectively. We identified the primary tumor site, the histological response to preoperative chemotherapy, the number of pulmonary nodules at initial identification, the timing of pulmonary metastasis identification, and the existence of extrapulmonary metastasis as prognostic factors. Especially, the number of pulmonary nodules at initial identification and the timing of pulmonary metastasis identification were independent, strong prognostic factors. Patients with solitary pulmonary metastasis had good prognoses, and their overall 5-year survival rate was 60%; in contrast, survival was 28% in patients with two to five pulmonary nodules, and no patients with more than six nodules survived 5 years. Patients with pulmonary metastasis identified after completion of treatment had the best prognosis, whereas patients with pulmonary metastases identified during treatment had the worst prognosis.

Conclusions

Caffeine-potentiated chemotherapy prolonged survival of patients who had osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis. Especially, patients with pulmonary metastasis identified after completion of treatment or with a solitary pulmonary nodule had good prognoses.     

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the forearm: a case report

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumor. We report an exceptional case located in the forearm. A 62-year-old woman consulted for a tumor of the right forearm which she had noticed for six months. Physical examination revealed a 10 x 12 cm tumor with an ulcerated center. MRI demonstrated a heterogeneous mass exhibiting no connection with the bone or subjacent periosteum. Wide surgical resection was performed. The pathology study of the operative specimen confirmed the diagnosis of soft tissue osteosarcoma. The patient was given postoperative chemotherapy and was free of local recurrence or metastasis eighteen months after surgery. We discuss the present case and review data reported in the literature.     

Adrenal metastases from adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction: adrenalectomy and long-term survival

Treatment of adrenal metastases from cancer of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is not defined. The aim of the present work is to analyze retrospectively our experience in treating patients with adrenal metastases from EGJ adenocarcinoma. 102 patients with Siewert 1 or 2 EGJ adenocarcinoma underwent esophagectomy between May 2001 and Jan 2009. Five patients were diagnosed an adrenal metastases from EGJ adenocarcinoma, synchronous (s) in one and metachronous (m) in four, in the latter 11 months (mean) after esophagectomy. At diagnosis, three patients had synchronous metastases to mediastinal nodes (1 s and 2 m), 1 (m) had synchronous metastases to bone, and 1 (m) had an isolated adrenal metastasis. Three patients with synchronous node metastasis received chemotherapy followed by adrenalectomy 3, 8 and 16 months (mean 9) after diagnosis; one patient also received postoperative mediastinal radiotherapy. These patients are alive with no evidence of disease 16, 40 and 50 months after diagnosis of adrenal metastasis. The patient with bone metastasis received chemotherapy only and died 12 months after diagnosis of metastatic disease. The patient with isolated metastasis underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy only, developed early bone metastases and died 15 months after surgery. In conclusion, our experience indicates that patients with adrenal metastases from adenocarcinoma of the EGJ may benefit from adrenalectomy if the gland is the only site of metastasis beyond lymphnodal disease. Chemotherapy should be considered before adrenalectomy to achieve better disease control and identify aggressive disease that would contraindicate adrenalectomy.     

An analysis of genetic transmission in a father and son with osteosarcoma

Familial osteosarcoma is a rare hereditary disease. We present a 37-year-old father and a 17-year-old son who developed osteosarcoma in the left and right distal femurs, respectively, at a three-year interval. They were treated with chemotherapy followed by surgery. Both had positive immunostaining for p53 tumor suppressor gene and HER-2/neu oncogene. The son also exhibited deletion of the retinoblastoma 1 gene. Pulmonary metastasis was detected in the father at the time of diagnosis and 13 months after primary treatment, whereas no distant metastasis was present in the child. The father died 39 months after the diagnosis from primary symptoms, but the son led a disease-free survival a year after completion of treatment. Genetic abnormalities documented in the father and son corroborate the presence of specific genetic alterations in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma.     

新辅助化疗结合保肢手术治疗合并病理性骨折的骨肉瘤

目的探讨应用新辅助化疗并结合保肢手术治疗合并病理性骨折的骨肉瘤治疗效果。方法对4例骨肉瘤合并病理性骨折患者术前使用阿霉素、顺铂、甲氨喋呤和长春新碱联合化疗2个循环后作化疗疗效评估,4例患者均施行肿瘤广泛切除、人工关节置换术。术后继续化疗3-4个循环。结果1例于术后5年6个月死于肺转移;其余3例患者术后至今已分别存活42、37和18个月,无感染,无假体松动,无肿瘤局部复发和远处转移。结论根据术前化疗疗效的评估,对化疗反应良好的合并病理性骨折的骨肉瘤患者采取保肢术,可获得良好的治疗效果。     

肾上腺原始神经外胚层肿瘤临床及病理分析

目的 分析肾上腺原始神经外胚层肿瘤(PNET)的临床及病理特点. 方法肾上腺PNET患者4例.男2例,女2例.平均年龄24(21、22、24、30)岁.常规实验室及内分泌检查无阳性发现.B超、CT检查示肾上腺区边界欠清的巨大囊实性软组织肿块,直径平均12(8～17)cm. 结果 1例穿刺活检确诊后拒绝治疗,6个月后死亡;1例手术探查后行减瘤术,术后8个月死亡;行肿瘤根治性切除治疗2例,术后1个月出现远处转移1例,肿瘤局部复发1例,4例病理学检查光镜下可见典型的Homer-Wright菊形团,免疫组织化学染色CD99阳性.病理诊断均为PNET. 结论 肾上腺PNET是一种罕见的原始神经外胚叶来源肿瘤,好发于青年,临床及影像学无特殊表现,确诊依据病理学检查.肿瘤恶性度高,进展迅速,预后极差.