表面肌电图在评定髌股疼痛综合征患者髌骨动态稳定中的应用

目的利用自建表面肌电图的标准化测试分析髌股疼痛综合征（PFPS）患者股内侧肌（VM）与股外侧肌(VL)在控制髌骨运动中的变化特征。 方法选取PFPS患者7例（13个膝）作为病例组,另选健康志愿者10例（20个膝）作为对照组,并分别进行表面肌电图检查,测量蹲起运动VM和VL的平均波幅和峰值时限（TBP)。 结果PFPS组和对照组VM∶VL平均振幅比值分别为（0.97±0.31）和（1.09±0.36）,2组差异无统计学意义（P&rt;0.05）,2组下蹲时的平均比值（1.00±0.16）明显高于起立时的平均比值（0.83±0.15）（P<0.05）。在蹲起时PFPS组的TBPVM较TBPVL延迟（8.77%±5.12%）与对照组（-1.45%±4.02%）的比较有统计学意义（P<0.01）。 结论所用表面肌电图的标准化测试能发现本组PFPS患者下蹲时VM的峰值时限明显滞后于VL,可用于评定局部型PFPS患者术后或康复治疗前后的变化。     

髌股疼痛综合征患者股四头肌失衡程度评估及其与Q角的相关分析

目的:利用表面肌电图对髌股疼痛综合征(PFPS)患者股四头肌失衡程度进行评估,并对其与Q角的关系进行分析.方法:PFPS病例组及正常对照组各30人,分别进行Q角测量,同时在双足半蹲动作时检测股外侧肌(VL)及股内斜肌(VMO)表面肌电图(sEMG),分析股内、外侧肌时域指标,对Q角与VL/VMO肌电比值进行相关分析.结果:病例组VL、VMP时域指标ZCR、RMS、IEMG差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且VL较VMO高.Q角与VL/VMO肌电比值之间进行线性相关分析,Pearson相关系数为0.149(P＞ 0.05).结论:PFPS患者VL运动单位募集数量、活化程度要高于VMO.股四头肌失衡程度与Q角大小无明显相关.     

核心肌群稳定性训练对髌股关节疼痛综合征的疗效观察

目的:观察增强核心肌群稳定性训练(CST)对髌股关节疼痛综合征(PFPS)的影响。方法:将44例PFPS患者按照随机数字法分为治疗组和对照组,两组各22例,对照组患者给予常规治疗(膝周肌群力量训练和超短波治疗),治疗组在此基础上增加核心肌群稳定性训练,每周3次,持续6周。分别在治疗前后对两组患者评估疼痛VAS评分、膝关节Lysholm评分,以及等速肌力测定膝关节屈、伸向心收缩峰力矩(PT)进行记录。结果:在治疗前,两组患者各项评估指标差异无明显的显著性意义(P0.05),治疗后治疗组疼痛VAS评分显著小于对照组(P0.05),而膝关节Lysholm评分显著优于对照组(P0.05),此外,治疗组膝关节屈伸肌PT值也显著优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:在常规膝周力量训练以及超短波治疗基础上辅以CST,有助于减轻PFPS患者疼痛程度,改善膝关节功能,增强屈伸膝肌群的力量。     

关节松动术联合肌力训练在髌股关节炎关节镜术后康复中的应用研究

目的:观察关节松动术联合肌力训练对髌股关节炎(patellofemoral osteoarthritis,PFOA)关节镜清理术后的治疗效果。方法:选取膝关节髌股关节炎关节镜下清理术后患者60例。分组:每组各30例,对照组(A组):行术后常规膝关节活动度和肌力训练;治疗组(B组):除对照组常规治疗外,强化髌股关节松动联合末端伸膝力量和稳定性训练。分别在治疗前及治疗后1、3、6个月时进行Lysholm评分、简易Mc Gill疼痛评分、髌骨活动度测试,髌骨上缘5cm、10cm、15cm处肌肉围度测定取平均值,并采集股内侧肌、股外侧肌表面肌电(s EMG)值,经标准化处理后取均方根值(RMS)为观察指标,进行统计学分析。结果:术后治疗1个月后,A组Lysholm评分、简易Mc Gill疼痛评分、髌骨活动度明显优于术前,肌肉围度平均值和RMS值差于术前;术后3个月均优于术后1个月,术后6个月与术后3个月比较无明显差异性。治疗1个月后,B组Lysholm评分、简易Mc Gill疼痛评分、髌骨活动度明显优于术前,肌肉围度平均值和RMS值差于术前;术后3个月优于术后1个月,术后6个月明显优于术后3个月。A、B两组术后3个月、6个月组间比较差异有显著性意义(P0.01),B组明显优于A组。结论:针对髌股关节炎患者的特点,设计科学、安全、有效的术后康复计划,可以明显促进膝关节功能的康复。     

关节镜下四股腘绳肌腱悬吊固定重建前交叉韧带的中期疗效观察

背景:以腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带股骨侧的固定方法有多种,如内置纽扣、界面螺钉等,每种重建方式都有各自的优点和缺点.目的:回顾性总结关节镜下微孔纽扣钢板悬吊固定4股自体腘绳肌肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的中期临床效果.方法:对2005-05/2007-06内蒙古医学院第二附属医院运动医学外科收治的,关节镜下采用微孔纽扣钢板悬吊固定4股自体胴绳肌肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的42例患者进行术后至少2.5年的随访.采用Lyshlom功能评分、IKDC2000评分来评价其临床效果.结果与结论:42例患者术后获得3.1(2.5～4)年随访.术前Lysholm膝关节评分法评分为(44.34±7.12)分,末次随访时为(86.60±6.48)分;术前IKDC2000评分为(48.46±17.53)分,末次随访时IKDC2000评分为(92.42±5.87)分.手术前后两种评分比较差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.01).说明关节镜下以微孔纽扣钢板悬吊崮定4股自体胭绳肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带,可以取得比较满意的中期临床疗效.     

关节镜下自体四股股薄半腱肌腱重建膝关节后交叉韧带的临床疗效分析

目的探讨关节镜下自体四股股薄半腱肌腱重建膝关节后交叉韧带(PCL)的临床疗效。方法采用回顾性研究方法,选取2016年8月至2018年9月32例在南京医科大学附属南京医院骨科行关节镜下自体四股股薄肌腱和半腱肌腱重建术的PCL损伤患者,比较患者手术前后Lysholm评分和Tegner活动评分的差异、Lysholm试验和抽屉试验结果的差异、各时间点(术前、术后6个月、术后12个月、术后24个月)膝关节错动感的差异。结果患者手术后的Lysholm评分(82. 37±4. 69)分显著高于手术前(35. 75±5. 26)分,且差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05);患者手术后的Tegner活动评分(6. 88±2. 14)分显著高于手术前(3. 47±1. 76)分,且差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05); 32例患者手术后Lachman试验阴性27例(84. 38%),Ⅰ度阳性4例(12. 50%),Ⅱ度阳性1例(3. 13%);手术后抽屉试验阴性29例(90. 63%),Ⅰ度阳性3例(9. 38%);患者术后膝关节临床症状明显好转(P 0. 05);患者手术后6个月、12个月、24个月的膝关节错动感分别为(3. 95±0. 41)°、(3. 71±0. 32)°、(3. 39±0. 28)°,术后各时间点的膝关节错动感与术前(4. 82±0. 22)°比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论关节镜下自体四股股薄半腱肌腱重建术后患者的Lysholm评分和Tegner活动评分提高,膝关节错动感逐渐降低,手术效果较可靠。     

髌股疼痛综合征患者神经肌电活动比率与Merchant匹配角的相关性

目的:研究应用肌电生物反馈仪测量的髌股疼痛综合征(PFPS)患者的神经肌电活动比率与CT测量PFPS患者的髌骨倾斜角、Merchant匹配角的相关关系。方法:本实验收集山西大医院髌股疼痛综合征患者32例(其中女22例,男10例),应用肌电生物反馈治疗仪评定神经肌电活动比率[股内侧斜肌(VMO)/股外侧斜肌(VL)],行膝关节CT检查,测量患者髌骨倾斜角和Merchant匹配角。患者经肌电生物反馈疗法治疗5周后再次测量上述3个数值,并对数据进行统计分析。结果:32例PFPS患者治疗前CT图像Merchant匹配角和治疗前VMO/VL基线值之间的相关系数为-0.470(P<0.05),为中度相关关系,治疗前CT图像Merchant匹配角和治疗前VMO/VL动态值之间的相关系数为-0.447(P<0.05),为中度相关关系;治疗后CT图像Merchant匹配角与治疗后VMO/VL基线值之间的相关系数为-0.51(P<0.05),为中度相关关系,治疗后CT图像Merchant匹配角与治疗后VMO/VL动态值之间的相关系数为-0.604(P<0.05),为中度相关关系。32例PFPS患者治疗前、后CT髌骨倾斜角与治疗前、后VMO/VL基线值和动态值之间均无相关关系(P>0.05)。结论:应用肌电生物反馈仪测得的神经肌电活动比率可以反映髌骨移位的程度,但不能反映髌骨倾斜的程度,可以间接作为PFPS的诊断和疗效评价指标之一。     

膝骨关节炎患者股四头肌功能水平及髋关节步态运动学特征分析

目的:观察中老年膝骨关节炎(KOA)患者股四头肌功能水平及步行过程中髋关节的运动学特征。方法:选取18例KOA患者为KOA组,8例无KOA者为对照组,2组的年龄、身高、体重和身体质量指数(BMI值)相匹配。2组受试者均进行等速肌力测试、无线表面肌电测试及步态测试,测试及比较2组股四头肌峰力矩(PT值)、股内侧肌(VM)、股外侧肌(VL)和股直肌(RF)的积分肌电值(iEMG)、均方根值(RMS)、平均功率频率(MPF)及峰值髋内收、外展角度等和步行中髋关节的运动学特征,将股四头肌肌力与髋关节运动学特征进行相关性分析。结果:KOA组股四头肌等长和等速运动时PT值较对照组显著下降(P<0.01),VL在60°/s等速收缩时表面肌电信号RMS值显著高于对照组(P<0.05),RF在180°/s等速收缩时表面肌电信号RMS值显著高于对照组(P<0.01),步行时峰值髋关节内收及外展角度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),股四头肌肌力与髋关节运动学特征无相关。结论:KOA组较对照组股四头肌肌力显著降低,活动时神经支配效率显著下降,且步行过程中峰值髋内收、外展角度显著减少,股四...     

关节镜下三股半腱肌重建膝关节后交叉韧带

目的探讨关节镜下自体半腱肌腱重建膝关节后交叉韧带(PCL)的手术方法及临床疗效.方法经临床及膝关节镜检查诊断的膝后交叉韧带损伤患者6例,均为男性,平均年龄40.6 (19～63)岁,镜检后即取自体半腱肌,在镜视下行等长重建,两端用螺钉悬吊固定.术后配合石膏固定4周.结果术后平均随访7.5 (3～20)个月,临床效果优良者5例.Lysholm膝部评分术前为(17.67±9.32)分,术后为(80.5±5.47)分,手术前后比较差异显著 (P<0.01).结论关节镜下自体三股半腱肌重建PCL手术创伤小,股、胫骨移植韧带固定部位定位准确,手术效果可靠.     

股内侧肌下入路联合加速康复外科理念应用对全膝关节置换术后康复的影响

目的探讨经股内侧肌下入路联合加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS)理念应用对全膝关节置换(total knee arthroplasty, TKA)术后短期康复的作用。方法 40例术前合并轻度贫血的原发性重度膝关节骨性关节炎患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各20例。观察组采用股内侧肌下入路进行TKA,并应用ERAS方法进行围手术期管理;对照组采用髌旁内侧入路进行TKA,按传统方法进行围手术期管理。记录患者术前及术后48 h视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)、血红蛋白水平、股直肌肌电量的均方根值(root mean square, RMS)及日均活动量,并进行2组间比较。结果 2组术前血红蛋白、VAS评分、RMS及日均活动量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后48 h,观察组血红蛋白[(101.68±11.11)g/L]、RMS(50.19±18.83)高于对照组[(94.85±4.18)g/L、39.75±20.40](P<0.05),日均活动量[(68.85±5.03)m]大于对照组[(54.55±4.38)m](P<0.05),VAS评分[(2.65±0.81)分]与对照组[(3.10±0.97)分]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经股内侧肌下入路联合ERAS围手术期管理方法有助于纠正合并贫血的膝关节骨关节炎患者TKA术后贫血,提高活动能力和活动量,对术后康复有积极作用。     

Comparison of three preverbal scales for postoperative pain assessment in a diverse pediatric sample

The purposes of this study were to compare the reliability and validity of three pain measurement scales for assessing pain in preverbal and nonverbal children and to determine which of the scales was mos tappropriate in a clinical setting to evaluate pain for infants and young children regardless of developmental stage or cognitive or physical disability. Pain scales tested were revised versions of the Riley Infant Pain Scale (RIPS), the Nursing Assessment of Pain Intensity (NAPI), and the Postoperative Pain Score (POPS). Purposive sampling of 391 postoperative infants and children was used for evaluation of pain in a midwestern children's hospital. Four assessments with each scale were done 1 hr apart by trained observers blinded to pain medications. Data analyses supported high inter-rater reliability, satisfactory discrimination between pain and no-pain observations, and suggested acceptability for all three scales with lower caregiver burden for RIPS and NAPI.     

Prevalence of Hip or Groin Pain in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Musculoskeletal pain is a common cause of pain in adolescence and can be an important predictor of future pain. The prevalence of hip or groin pain that could potentially affect different adolescent populations has not yet been systematically reviewed. This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence of hip or groin pain in this population. Five electronic databases were searched until January 2019 for eligible studies that included males and females 13 to 19 years of age. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessments were completed by 2 independent researchers. Based on inclusion criteria, 8 population‐based, 8 clinical, and 4 sports populations were included. Studies were conducted in Europe, North America, and Australia. The prevalence was dichotomized into “0 to 3 months” and “3 months and above.” Meta‐analyses were performed to estimate the prevalence from 0 to 3 months, and individual estimates were reported for studies of 3 months and above. The overall prevalence of hip or groin pain in all adolescents from 0 to 3 months was 12% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6%, 23%) based on 10 studies, and was 7% (95% CI 6%, 10%) based on 7 population studies. Caution should be applied to these estimates due to substantial study heterogeneity. The pain prevalence in cerebral palsy from 0 to 3 months based on 4 studies was 13% (95% CI 10%, 15%). Individual prevalence estimates were 6% and 31% in obese and 4% in hypermobility populations, respectively, and ranged from 6% to 100% in 4 sports studies. The validity of these estimates is compromised by poor methodological quality.     

Adductor-related groin pain in the athlete

Background:

Owing to a multifactorial etiology, the differential diagnosis of groin pain in the athlete is often complex, with a diagnosis being clinically elusive in up to 30% of individuals. It has been suggested in the literature that the adductor musculature is a viable and prevalent source of groin pain. Thus, recognition of the elements related to effective management of these individuals is essential for the clinician.

Objectives:

To review the current literature related to prevalence, risk factors, clinical testing, conservative, and surgical interventions for adductor-related groin pain.

Major findings:

Adductor-related groin injuries may occur in isolation or combination. Athletes participating in multi-directional sports, with prior groin injury, weakness of adductors compared to abductors, and higher level of play are at greatest risk. Clinical testing using the adductor squeeze test at varying angles offers high specificity in the absence of imaging modalities. Evidence for preventative programs exists among soccer and ice hockey players. Interventions focusing on progressively improving adductor muscle performance and lower extremity impairments have been found effective, as have multi-modal interventions. Surgical interventions, recommended for those recalcitrant (>2 months) to conservative care appear effective, with adductor repair or tenotomy procedures being primarily described in case series designs.

Conclusion:

A paucity of research exists to determine the diagnostic utility of clinical tests as well as the efficacy of interventions. Clinicians should be aware of adductor-related groin pain as a clinical entity and recognize the potential merits and limitations of both preventive and adductor-focused interventions.     

Congruence between health professionals' and patients' pain ratings: a review of the literature

The literature suggests that health professionals have a tendency to underestimate pain when performing clinical assessments. In addition, it appears that the more clinical experience one has, the greater will be the underestimation of pain. Pain assessment is difficult because of the complex interaction between environment, patient and practitioner variables. Although there is a need for further research in this area, there are clinical implications worthy of consideration. Health professionals need to use a variety of valid and reliable measures, use measures of pain behaviour and disability to complement self-report measures and examine how their own biases and values may influence pain judgements.     

Pain,Perceived Injustice,and Pain Catastrophizing in Chronic Pain Patients in Ireland

Chronic pain is a public health concern affecting 20% to 30% of the population of Western countries. Psychological risk factors can worsen chronic pain patients. Themes of perceived injustice (PI) and pain catastrophizing are related to poor clinical outcomes. Particularly, perceived injustice has not been assessed systematically in patients at their first presentation in chronic pain clinics in Ireland. This study aims to assess the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ)'s internal consistency in the Irish population, assess PI in patients attending a chronic pain clinic in Ireland using the IEQ, investigate pain catastrophizing through the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and its relationship with IEQ scores, and explore their relationships with self‐reported Numeric Pain Rating Scale. One hundred adult patients were randomly selected from those attending the clinic for the first time. Eighty completed the IEQ (mean age 49 years, ranged 22 to 90 years; 59% female). The internal consistency of the IEQ was excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93). Twenty‐six patients (33%) had IEQ scores classified as severe. Patients whose cause of pain was trauma or road traffic accidents were more likely to have clinically severe scores than all other causes of pain (47% vs. 23%, P = 0.03). This has clinical consequences and may have legal implications. Pain catastrophizing scores were strongly correlated with IEQ (r = 0.60, P < 0.001). The correlation between IEQ and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale was weak (r = 0.25, P = 0.048). The results suggest that the IEQ may provide an additional tool to assess psychological contributors in problematic chronic pain patients and to institute targeted therapies to improve clinical outcomes.