天然环烯醚萜类化合物研究进展

环烯醚萜类化合物结构繁多,在自然界中分布广泛,多存在于木犀科、唇形科、茜草科、玄参科等双子叶植物中。近年来对于此类化合物的广泛研究发现其具有多种生物活性,如抗炎、抗肿瘤、治疗糖尿病、保肝、神经系统保护作用及对心血管系统的作用等。此外,环烯醚萜类可作为DNA合成酶抑制剂也有报道。从结构类型、构效关系、生物活性等方面,对环烯醚萜类化合物近年的研究成果进行概述,为基于环烯醚萜类化合物的新药发现和药物设计提供参考。     

环烯醚萜类成分生物合成途径及关键酶基因研究进展

环烯醚萜类化合物是广泛存在于双子叶植物中的一类化合物,具有广泛的生物活性,如神经保护、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎等作用。文章对药用植物环烯醚萜类化合物生物合成途径及三个可能的关键酶基因的研究进展进行综述,以期为进一步解析环烯醚萜生物合成途径以及挖掘功能基因奠定基础。     

1H-NMR和13C-NMR在山茱萸环烯醚萜类化合物结构鉴定中的应用

山茱萸,别名枣皮、萸肉等,原植物为山茱萸科梾木属落叶小乔木Cornus officinalis Sibe etZcc,过去也有将其归为灯台树属植物Microcarpium officinalis ( Sieb et Zucc ) Nakai .除齐墩果酸、熊果酸等三萜化合物外,山茱萸中还含有多种环烯醚萜类化合物.迄今为止,从山茱萸中提取、分离和鉴定的环烯醚萜类化合物已有10个,分属3种类型.     

^1H—NMR和^13C—NMR在山茱萸环烯醚萜类化合物结构鉴定中的应用

山茱萸，别名枣皮、萸肉等，原植物为山茱萸科未来木属落叶小乔木Cornus officinalis Sibe et Zucc，过去也有将其归为灯台树属植物Microcarpium officinalis(Sieb et Zucc)Nakai。除齐墩果酸、熊果酸等三萜化合物外。山茱萸中还含有多种环烯醚萜类化合物。迄今为止，从山茱萸中提取、分离和鉴定的环烯醚萜类化合物已有10个，分属3种类型。     

玄参中环烯醚萜类化合物的研究进展

环烯醚萜类化合物是玄参主要活性成分之一,根据化学结构将其分为环烯醚萜苷和非苷环烯醚萜两大类。并以环烯醚萜苷类化合物的生物合成过程为基础,推测脱羧环烯醚萜苷途径为玄参中环烯醚萜苷类主要生物合成途径。相关研究表明,哈巴苷、哈巴俄苷和桃叶珊瑚苷等成分在抗脑缺血、降血糖、保护心肌细胞等方面发挥重要作用,但仍有大部分环烯醚萜类成分的药理作用并不明晰。通过对玄参中环烯醚萜类化学成分的种类、生物合成技术以及药理作用的相关文献进行综述,为玄参环烯醚萜类化合物的开发应用提供参考。     

蓬子菜化学成分及其药理活性研究进展

蓬子菜为茜草科植物,其化学成分主要为黄酮、蒽醌、环烯醚萜类,另外还含有一定的有机酸、蜡质及其他成分,并以国内外文献为依据,对蓬子菜的化学及药理方面予以综述.     

马来群岛药用植物Saprosma scortechinii中的环烯醚萜和蒽醌

Saprosma scortechinii为茜草科染木树属植物,在马来西亚传统医学中,其根用于治疗发热,嫩叶可以作为蔬菜。曾从该植物中分离得到6个含硫双环烯醚萜苷saprosmoside A-F和13个环烯醚萜苷。本次又从中分离得到13个化合物,其中包括2个新的双环烯醚萜苷、1个新的环烯醚萜苷、7个新的蒽醌和3个已知化合物。     

064 马来群岛药用植物Saprosma scortechinii中的环烯醚萜和蒽醌

sSaprosma scortechinii为茜草科染木树属植物，在马来西亚传统医学中，其根用于治疗发热，嫩叶可以作为蔬菜。曾从该植物中分离得到6个含硫双环烯醚萜苷saprosmoside A～F和13个环烯醚萜苷。本次又从中分离得到13个化合物，其中包括2个新的双环烯醚萜苷、1个新的环烯醚萜苷、7个新的蒽醌和3个已知化合物。     

植物环烯醚萜类化合物生物活性研究进展

环烯醚萜类化合物是一类重要的植物次生代谢产物,具有广泛的生物活性,作者对此类化合物的分布、生物活性进行综述。总结了环烯醚萜类化合物在糖尿病治疗、保肝、抗炎、抗菌、抗肿瘤等方面的应用,为相关药用植物的开发及该类化合物在医药领域上的进一步应用提供参考。     

獐牙菜属植物中环烯醚萜类成分及其药理作用研究进展

獐牙菜属是龙胆科的大属,主要分布在亚洲、非洲和北美洲;我国有79种,主要集中在西南山岳地区.该属植物主要含有环烯醚萜类、劬酮类、三萜类、黄酮类等成分,其中环烯醚萜类为具有环戊二烯并吡喃环基本骨架的单萜类化合物,其结构多样,是獐牙菜属的特征性成分,具有多种生物活性及较大的药用价值.通过阐述环烯醚萜类成分生物合成途径,对獐牙菜属环烯醚萜类化学成分进行综述及分类,并分析其化学分类学意义,最后对该属该类成分的药理作用进行总结.     

茜草科常用植物三萜成分的波谱特征

茜草科植物种类繁多，其中多种植物药用，是中医常用药物。这些常用药用植物中的化学成分复杂，三萜类成分是其中普遍存在的活性成分。综述了茜草科常用药用植物中28种三萜类成分的结构及其波谱特征。     

Antimicrobial activity of common madder (Rubia tinctorum L.)

In this study, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and water extracts of Rubia tinctorum L. (Rubiaceae) were tested for antimicrobial activity by the disc diffusion method. From the present study it was found that Rubia tinctorum L. revealed antimicrobial activity against some Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria, yeasts, filamentous fungi and actinomycetes.     

In vitro cytotoxicity of polyindolenine alkaloids on rat hepatoma cell lines. Structure activity relationships

New groups of polyindolenine alkaloids have been isolated from new species of the tribe Psychotriae (Rubiaceae). The cyto-inhibitory effects of these compounds on tumoral cell lines have been thoroughly investigated and thus allow the statement of relationships between some original structural patterns and the observed biological effects.     

Antimalarial activity of four plants used in traditional medicine in Mali

Mitragyna inermis (De Willd.) O. Kuntze Rubiaceae, Nauclea latifolia (Sm.) Rubiaceae, Glinus oppositofolius (Linn) Molluginaceae and Trichilia roka (Forsk.) Chiv. Meliaceae were investigated for their in vitro antimalarial activity. Leaves, roots and stem barks were submitted to aqueous, hydromethano and chloroform extractions and antimalarial activity was evaluated by microscopic and flow cytometric analysis. The results present evidence that the alkaloids contained in chloroform extracts and ursolic acid, purified from the hydromethanol extract of M. inermis induced a significant decrease of parasite proliferation. However, aqueous extracts, traditionally used for medication did not show high antimalarial activity. Statistical comparison between microscopic and cytometric analysis demonstrated the validity of this new technique for the screening of active antimalarial compounds isolated from plants.     

Antitubercular constituents from the hexane fraction of Morinda citrifolia Linn. (Rubiaceae)

A crude ethanol extract and hexane fraction from Morinda citrifolia Linn. (Rubiaceae) show antitubercular activity. The major constituents of the hexane fraction are E-phytol, cycloartenol, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, campesta-5,7,22-trien-3beta-ol and the ketosteroids stigmasta-4-en-3-one and stigmasta-4-22-dien-3-one. E-Phytol, a mixture of the two ketosteroids, and the epidioxysterol derived from campesta-5,7,22-trien-3beta-ol all show pronounced antitubercular activity.     

Some South African Rubiaceae Tree Leaf Extracts Have Antimycobacterial Activity Against Pathogenic and Non‐pathogenic Mycobacterium Species

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains an ongoing threat to human health. Many plant species contain antimycobacterial compounds, which may serve as template molecules for new anti‐TB drugs. The Rubiaceae family is the largest family of trees in southern Africa, and preliminary evidence revealed antimycobacterial activity in several species of the genus, motivating further studies. Leaf extracts of 15 tree species from the Rubiaceae family were screened for antimycobacterial activity against pathogenic M. tuberculosis and non‐pathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium aurum and Mycobacterium bovis BCG (Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin) using a twofold serial microdilution assay. Cytotoxicity was determined using a tetrazolium‐based colorimetric assay against C3A liver cells and Vero kidney cells. Minimum inhibitory concentration values as low as 0.04 mg/mL against M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis were recorded. Activity against M. aurum was the best predictor of activity against pathogenic M. tuberculosis (correlation coefficient = 0.9). Bioautography indicated at least 40 different antimycobacterial compounds in the extracts. Cytotoxicity of the extracts varied, and Oxyanthus speciosus had the most promising selectivity index values. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

蛇根草属植物的化学成分及药理活性研究进展

蛇根草属(Ophiorrhiza L.)植物隶属于茜草科,在全世界广泛分布。该属植物被多种药物志记载,具有活血化瘀、祛痰止咳等药用价值。该属植物富含结构新颖、生物活性显著的化学成分,已成为国际上药用植物资源的研究热点之一。目前,已有31种蛇根草属植物的化学成分被报道,主要包括62个生物碱类、21个萜类、21个蒽醌类、6个甾体类、2个黄酮类和1个香豆素类等多种结构类型化合物。这些化合物具有抗肿瘤、免疫抑制、抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、止泻、胃黏膜保护和驱虫等多种药理功效。本文综述了1976年7月至2021年7月间报道的蛇根草属植物的化学成分及其药理活性研究进展,重点突出若干代表性化学成分,同时对其结构特征和绝对构型进行详细的归纳总结,以期为该领域药用植物资源的后续研究与开发提供一定的参考。     

长尾粗叶木根化学成分的研究Ⅰ

目的:研究茜草科粗叶木属植物长尾粗叶木Lasianthus acuminatissimus根中的化学成分。方法:利用正相、反相(RP-18)硅胶柱色谱、大孔树脂柱色谱和制备高效液相色谱分离,通过现代波谱技术(¹³C-NMR,¹H-NMR,DEPT,EI-MS)鉴定结构。结果:分离鉴定了6个化合物,分别为:异东莨菪素(isoscopletinⅠ),异东莨菪素6-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(isoscopletin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranosideⅡ),mudanoside-A的β构型体(Ⅲ),车叶草苷(asperulosideⅣ),(-)-pinoresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅴ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅵ)。结论:这些化合物均是首次从粗叶木属植物中得到。     

Advances in chemistry and bioactivity of the genus Uncaria

The alkaloids of the pantropical genus Uncaria (Rubiaceae) were reviewed extensively by Phillipson et al. in (1978) Since then a host of papers with new results has been published. The compounds discovered are from three major groups: (1) alkaloids; (2) terpenoids; and (3) flavonoids. Some highly unusual structures have been reported. Although there are at least 35 species of Uncaria known, recent research focussed on a relatively small number of species. During recent years bioactivity of extracts and pure compounds isolated from Uncaria species have been increasingly investigated. These include anticonvulsive, antiinflammatory, antimutagenic, antioxidant, cytoprotective, hypotensive, and immunoregulatory effects. The literature since 1978 is reviewed and 133 references are given.     

Pyrrolidinoindoline alkaloids from Psychotria oleoides and Psychotria lyciiflora.

The chemical study of two Rubiaceae from New Caledonia, Psychotria lyciiflora and Psychotria oleoides, led to the isolation of several pyrrolidinoindoline alkaloids. Two dimers, the known meso-chimonanthine (9) and the new Nb-desmethyl-meso-chimonanthine (5), and a known trimer, hodgkinsine (1), have been isolated from P. lyciiflora. Hodgkinsine (1), quadrigemine C (2), isopsychotridine B (3), psychotridine (4), and three new alkaloids, quadrigemine I (6), oleoidine (7), and caledonine (8), have been isolated from P. oleoides. Structural assignments of the compounds were based on mass spectra analysis and 2D NMR experiments. A tentative stereochemical determination is made from 2D NMR experiments, circular dichroism study and chemical correlations. Some of these compounds are functional antagonists of somatostatine (SRIH).