胸腰椎脊柱结核前后路内固定手术的选择

目的:探讨治疗不同病变节段及病变程度胸腰椎脊柱结核手术方法的选择。方法:对23例患者中,10例行前路病灶清除、植骨、内固定,13例行后路内固定、前路病灶清除植骨。其中2例分二期手术,21例一期手术。结果:术后随访6个月～3年,平均23个月。23例均一期愈合、无复发。X线片显示骨性愈合,植骨平均融合时间为8个月,后凸畸形平均纠正29°,随访期间丢失2°。瘫痪均恢复,Frankel神经功能达E级。结论:前路内固定适宜于病变节段1～2个椎体且破坏严重,后凸畸形明显,结核处于静止期,无混合感染,寒性脓肿较大及脊髓压迫伴截瘫患者;后路内固定适宜于多椎体长节段病变,尤其跳跃性脊柱结核,病灶主要位于后方,局限于单侧椎体破坏形成寒性脓肿或伴有混合感染,年龄大、体质较弱的患者。     

一期后路固定前路病灶清除植骨治疗胸腰段椎体结核

目的探讨一期后路内固定联合前路病灶清除植骨融合治疗胸腰段椎体结核。方法2003年2月至2011年2月手术治疗胸腰段椎体结核23例,应用一期后路内固定联合经前路结核病灶清除植骨融合治疗胸腰椎体结核,根据术前、术后X线片分析植骨融合及术后畸形矫正效果。结果经14～54个月随访,脊髓功能得到不同程度的恢复,植骨融合满意,无内固定失败和脊柱结核病灶复发。结论一期后路内固定联合经前路结核病灶清除植骨融合治疗胸腰段椎体结核具有脊柱后凸侧弯畸形易于矫正、前路结核病灶减压彻底、内固定远离病灶等优点,是治疗脊柱胸腰段结核的一种有效手术方法。其缺点是手术创伤较大、时间较长、操作相对繁杂。     

后路一期病灶清除植骨USS固定治疗胸腰段结核

目的 探讨一期后路内固定、病灶清除并取髂骨植骨融合治疗胸腰椎结核的临床疗效.方法 采用一期后路病灶清除、内固定髂骨植骨融合手术,治疗胸腰椎结核患者21例,按照Frankel分级评定患者手术前后的神经功能,根据X线片评价植骨融合时间,测量手术前及手术后脊柱后突角度及随访期内的角度丢失.结果 21例中,优10例,良11例.21例患者结核病灶清除彻底,手术切口均一期愈合,无窦道形成,结核治愈无复发.后凸畸形角度平均纠正19.8°±3.7°,X线片显示所植髂骨骨性融合,时间平均(3.5±1.3)个月.结论 一期后路病灶清除、内固定髂骨植骨融合治疗胸腰椎结核的临床疗效确切,是治疗胸腰椎结核的有效方法.     

一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合治疗胸腰椎结核

目的:评价一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合治疗胸腰椎结核的临床疗效。方法:采用一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合手术治疗胸、腰椎结核患者17例,按照Frankel分级评定患者手术前后的神经功能,根据X线片评价植骨融合时间,测量术前、术后后凸角度及随访期内的角度丢失。结果:17例患者结核病灶清除彻底,切口均Ⅰ期愈合、无窦道形成,结核治愈无复发。后凸畸形平均矫正19.2°;在随访期内,后凸畸形矫正有1°~4°丢失。X线片示植骨界面骨性融合时间平均5个月。3例出现并发症,对症处理后好转。结论:一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合治疗胸、腰椎结核的疗效确切,具有迅速缓解症状、早期离床活动和较理想的脊柱矫形等优点,是治疗胸、腰椎结核的有效方法。     

一期后路结核病灶清除、椎体间支撑植骨及矫形内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的探讨一期后路结核病灶清除、椎体间支撑植骨及矫形加压内固定治疗胸腰椎结核的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2010年3月广州军区广州总医院采用后路病灶清除、椎体间支撑植骨及矫形加压内固定手术治疗的25例胸腰椎结核患者的临床资料。评价指标包括手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术前及末次随访美国脊髓损伤学会(ASIA)分级、手术前后及随访时Cobb角、围手术期并发症、骨性融合及结核复发情况。结果手术时间240~440 min,平均手术时间390 min;术中出血量200~1 600 mL,平均术中出血量858 mL;住院时间14~25 d,平均住院时间18 d。患者获得12~62个月随访,平均随访时间25.2个月。1例术后1年半时结核复发、内固定断裂,再次行手术及抗结核治疗后痊愈;其余病例均骨性愈合。术前10例神经功能障碍患者ASIA分级均为D级,末次随访时均恢复至E级;12例后凸畸形患者术前Cobb角(24±13)°,术后1周恢复至(8±5)°,末次随访时达(12±7)°,手术前后比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论一期后路结核病灶清除、椎体间支撑植骨及矫形加压内固定治疗胸腰椎结核具有病灶清除彻底、术后畸形矫正满意、骨性融合率高等特点,是治疗胸腰椎结核的一种可供选择的术式。     

前路病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的探讨胸腰椎结核前路病灶清除植骨内固定手术治疗的效果。方法本组104例采用前路病灶清除植骨内固定治疗脊柱结核,病变位于胸椎30例、胸腰椎24例、腰椎50例,术前有后凸成角畸形38°±19°。手术前后配合正规化疗,根据X线片观察脊柱融合时间,手术前后后凸角度变化以及按照Frankel分级的神经功能变化。结果全部病例伤口均一期愈合,未出现严重并发症。随访时间10～48个月,植骨界面骨性融合时间平均5个月。后凸平均矫正度数为18°±5°,22例术前伴有神经损害症状者Frankel分级平均提高2级。结论脊柱前路一期病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核具有能矫正后凸成角畸形、预防畸形复发、术后患者能早期离床活动等优点,治疗效果满意。     

后路病灶清除椎间植骨融合内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的探讨后路一期病灶清除、椎体间植骨融合内固定治疗脊柱结核的适应证及临床疗效。方法采用单纯后路病灶清除、植骨融合钉棒内固定治疗58例脊柱结核患者,其中单节段胸椎结核22例,多节段胸椎结核6例,单节段腰椎结核24例,多节段腰椎结核6例。分析复发率、并发症发生率,进行JOA评分,随访评估结核活动度、植骨融合和畸形矫正情况。结果手术时间平均(190±15.24)min,术中出血量平均(380±19.88)ml。术中无主要血管、神经损伤,无严重并发症发生。所有患者均安全度过围手术期。JOA评分:优39例,良11例,可7例,差1例,优良率为86.2%。后凸Cobb角矫正满意。1例术后结核脓肿复发,经再次清创、持续负压引流后治愈。患者均获随访,时间6~48(25.14±6.40)个月。无结核病变复发、内固定松动、断裂及明显矫正度丢失等严重并发症发生,58例植骨全部确定融合。结论对脊柱结核的患者采取一期后路病灶清除、椎体间植骨融合内固定治疗,可同时完成病灶清除、重建脊柱稳定,是治愈结核病灶有效可行的方法。     

一期前后路手术治疗合并严重后凸畸形的胸腰椎活动性结核

目的 探讨合并严重后凸畸形(后凸角度≥45.)的活动性胸腰椎结核的合理治疗方案.方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2008年1月治疗的30例合并严重后凸畸形的活动性胸腰椎结核患者的临床资料.其中男性8例,女性22例,年龄7～60岁(平均35岁),病程3～18个月(平均8个月).后凸角度45°～70°(平均58°).30例均有较大的椎旁脓肿,28例合并椎管内脓肿,10例合并不完全性截瘫(Frankel 分级B级2例、C级6例、D级2例).HREZ 方案化疗至少2周后手术治疗,先行后路多节段椎弓根螺钉植入(6～10枚),通过钉棒连接产生提拉力使后凸矫正;再经前入路清除脓肿、部分或全部切除病变椎体,行支撑性植骨重建.术后化疗方案为6HREZ/6～12HRE.对所有病例的后凸角度、术后矫正效果和神经功能恢复程度进行比较分析,同时观察患者的红细胞沉降率和植骨融合情况.结果 手术时间4～6 h(平均5.2 h),出血量600～900 ml(平均760 m1),围手术期无严重并发症发生.后凸角纠正至0°～10°,最大纠正65°.随访1～4年(平均1.5年),术后6个月所有患者的结核病灶均治愈.术前合并瘫痪者,2例Frankel B级者恢复至D级,其余8例均恢复至E级.末次随访时未见内固定松动断裂及结核复发征象.结论 一期后路多节段椎弓根螺钉固定矫形联合前路病灶清除植骨融合,是治疗合并严重后凸畸形的活动性胸腰椎结核安全、有效的方案.     

前路病灶清除、钛网植骨融合及内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的:探讨应用钛网前路重建技术治疗胸腰椎结核的临床价值。方法:对69例胸腰椎结核患者采用前路结核病灶清除、钛网重建植骨融合及前路或后路节段内固定手术,观察围手术期并发症、融合节段后凸角度和椎间平均高度、钛网沉降率及植骨融合情况。结果:本组无术中并发症,术后伤口感染2例、腰椎结核复发合并窦道形成1例,并发症发生率4.3%,融合节段后凸角术前21.5°±2.5°,术后6.5°±2.4°(与术前比较P<0.05)。融合节段椎体间高度术前109.4±4.2mm,术后121.2±3.6mm(与术前比较P<0.05)。随访12个月～3年,平均24个月,无内固定失败,钛网在头侧和尾侧终板平均沉降率分别为27%和31%。66例钛网椎间植骨融合,3例无明显融合征象。结论:胸腰椎结核前路彻底病灶清除后应用钛网进行重建结合节段性内固定可以避免取骨区并发症和有效维持脊柱矢状位排列,但骨融合有待进一步提高。     

前路一期病灶清除植骨内固定术治疗椎体成形术后术椎结核

[目的]探讨前路一期病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折椎体成形术后术椎结核的疗效。[方法]2010年4月~2014年6月,对36例胸腰椎椎体成形术后术椎结核的患者行一期前路结核病灶清除、椎间植骨内固定治疗。其中胸椎(T_(8~10))17例,胸腰椎(T_11~L_2)15例,腰椎(L_(3~4))4例。病变累及单节段16例,双节段19例,3个节段1例。脊髓功能Frankel分级为C级4例,D级8例。术前后凸畸形Cobb角为(49.98±6.67)°。术前Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)75.43%±3.42%,术前疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分为(7.61±0.55)分。[结果]所有病例均获随访,随访时间18~72个月,平均46个月。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染及窦道形成。末次随访时X线片和CT片均示植骨骨性融合,融合时间5~9个月,平均7个月;未发生内固定松动、脱出等相关并发症。术后7 d、末次随访后凸Cobb角、ODI、VAS评分与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后7 d的后凸Cobb角、ODI、VAS评分与末次随访比较,差异无统计学意义,P>0.05,神经功能:2例由C级恢复为D级,其余10例均恢复至E级。[结论]采用经前方入路病灶清除植骨内固定术治疗胸腰椎经皮椎体成形术后术椎结核,具有病灶清除、减压彻底,骨水泥取出彻底、安全,脊柱稳定性更高,并能满意矫正病变节段的后凸畸形;相较于传统后路手术更加安全可靠,可明显提高生活质量,获得良好的临床疗效。     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI及病理表现

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI和病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和2例肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像及临床病理资料，将病变的影像表现与其病理大体形态及组织学表现作对照分析。结果6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤，女4例、男2例；2例肝内胆管囊腺癌均为女性病人；8例病人平均年龄55岁。所有病灶均表现为多房囊性肿块，肿瘤囊腔各分房内常为多种液体成分，在CT上可表现为不同密度、在MRI上可表现为不同信号强度。囊内出现多发大小不等的壁结节在胆管囊腺癌内更常见，囊内有分隔但无壁结节只见于胆管囊腺瘤。在7例CT扫描中，4例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌可见囊壁或分隔上钙化，囊壁、囊内分隔及囊内结节均为轻、中度延迟增强。肿瘤中出现卵巢样间质见于3例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌，且均为女性病人。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌是肝脏不常见的囊性肿瘤，影像上多房、囊内有分隔且各分房囊内密度或信号不一致，高度提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的诊断，如囊内伴有多发大小不等的结节，则进一步提示囊腺癌的可能。但影像学表现不能区分肿瘤中有无卵巢样间质。