肿瘤分子流行病学的现状及其易感基因生物学标志研究进展

近年来肿瘤分子流行病学标志的研究得到前所未有的发展。综述了肿瘤分子流行病学和肿瘤易感基因生物学标志的研究现状，并展望了肿瘤分子流行病学研究的机遇和挑战。     

胃癌肿瘤标志的研究进展

目的:总结国内外胃癌肿瘤标志的研究进展.方法:应用检索Medline及CHKD期刊全文数据库检索系统,以"胃肿瘤/诊断、肿瘤标记和生物学/分析"为关键词,检索1991-01-2003-12相关肿瘤标志在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义方面的文献.精选40篇文献,最后纳入分析15篇.结果:肿瘤标志是细胞癌变过程中产生的反映疾病发展程度的抗原或生物活性物质,在胃癌中的表达分为基因表型标志、基因标志2类.结论:胃癌标志的研究发展很快,但缺乏高度特异性和敏感性,尤其是对于胃癌的早期诊断和筛选不够理想,需要进一步研究其进展.     

胸腺上皮肿瘤生物学行为的分子标志研究进展

目的:研究相关分子标志在胸腺上皮肿瘤(TETs)中的表达水平,以及与胸腺上皮肿瘤增殖,侵袭和转移等恶性生物学行为的关系。方法:应用计算机检索PubMed及CNKI期刊全文数据库检索系统,以"胸腺上皮肿瘤、分子标志、生物学行为"等为关键字,检索2004-10-31-2010-10-31的相关文献。共检索到英文文献59篇,中文文献88篇。通过查找全文,排除重复研究和与本研究无关的文献,最后精选纳入分析的文献23篇。结果:多种分子标志与胸腺上皮肿瘤的增殖、侵袭、转移等恶性生物学行为密切相关,是影响恶性肿瘤预后的指标。检测这些分子标志提高了TETs检测的敏感性和特异性,能有效对TETS进行早期筛查、诊断、连续检测和治疗效果的评估、转移复发的预测,有非常大的临床应用价值。结论:通过检测TETs相关标志将有助于TETs的早期诊断和疗效、预后评估。     

肿瘤分子流行病学研究趋势和特点

肿瘤分子流行病学（molecular cancer epidemiology）一词是Perera和Weinstein于1982年首次提出,我国约在20世纪90年代中期开展了这一领域的研究.随着人类基因组DNA测序的完成以及人类功能基因组学研究的进展,肿瘤分子流行病学在人类肿瘤病因揭示、疾病预防和诊断、治疗及其预后等方面发挥越来越重要的作用.本文简要介绍近年来肿瘤分子流行病学研究有关进展、特点和趋势以及存在的问题.     

肿瘤分子流行病学的现状与展望

介绍了肿瘤分子流行病学产生的背景及主要研究内容;对与肿瘤发生、发展相关的基因研究的现状进行选评;并对肿瘤分子流行病学研究的未来予以展望.     

分子流行病学与肿瘤的预防策略

自1982年Perera等提出肿瘤分子流行病学的概念和框架以来,获得了快速的发展.本文评介肿瘤分子流行病学的产生、研究进展及在此基础上所形成的肿瘤预防策略.     

肿瘤分子流行病学的回顾与展望

回顾肿瘤分子流行病学的产往背景，研究进展和存在问题；结合人类基因组学研究成果和中国实际情况。探讨其发展策略与前景。     

胃癌肿瘤标志物的研究进展

胃癌肿瘤标志物在胃癌的诊断、预后判断中发挥重要作用。介绍胃癌标志物最新研究进展     

胃癌肿瘤标志物的研究进展

胃癌肿瘤标志物在胃癌的诊断、预后判断中发挥重要作用。介绍胃癌标志物最新研究进展。     

胰腺癌流行病学研究进展

20世纪 5 0～ 60年代以来 ,胰腺癌发病率在发达国家及部分发展中国家有较大幅度的增长。目前在有些国家已成为十大恶性肿瘤之一 ,预后极差。从地理分布、种族、性别、年龄、婚姻状况、社会经济状况、职业、移民、宗教、血型、时间发展趋势、分子流行病学等方面 ,就胰腺癌的发病率研究进展情况作一综述     

乳腺癌生物标记

癌生物标记已经成为癌症研究的主要焦点。乳腺癌生物标记对乳腺癌的早期诊断、治疗方案的制定、治疗效果和预后评估有重要意义。现综述乳腺癌生物标记的相关研究进展。     

胰腺癌病因流行病学研究现状

戒烟及饮食调节是目前减少胰腺癌危险性的最佳策略。胰腺癌男性比女性多见 ,并随年龄增长发病率增加。胰腺癌发病率有民族及地区差异。咖啡不是病因。慢性胰腺炎、糖尿病、酒精在流行病学研究中不一致。胆囊或消化性溃疡手术史者、遗传和吸烟对胰腺癌起病因作用。西餐饮食也增加RR ,而素食饮食似乎起保护作用。职业暴露在胰腺癌病因中可能起小的病因作用。     

上海市区恶性肿瘤发病趋势分析(1972～1999年)

目的对上海市区1972～1999年肿瘤发病资料进行统计、分析,了解肿瘤发病率的变化趋势.方法病例统一按照国际疾病分类(ICD-9)进行编码.根据人口普查资料中的性别、年龄构成用内插法和外推法估算各年的年龄组平均人口数.用世界标准人口计算标化率.发病率每年变化百分比,用对数直线回归法估计,并用病例数加权.结果 1972～1999年间,男性所有部位肿瘤标化率从250.0/10万降至214.8/10万,女性从175.3/10万降至163.4/10万.男女性结肠癌、胆道癌、肾癌,男性前列腺癌、多发性骨髓瘤以及女性脑和神经系统肿瘤的发病率上升幅度均达到100%及以上.男女性胰腺癌、直肠癌、非何杰金淋巴瘤、男性脑和神经系统肿瘤、女性乳腺癌、宫体癌、卵巢癌的发病率呈明显上升趋势.男女性食管癌和女性宫颈癌的发病率下降幅度达到一半以上,胃癌和肝癌的发病率也呈明显下降趋势,肺癌发病率在男、女性别中均变化不大.结论上述发病率变化趋势提示除了肿瘤诊断和报告情况的改善外,包括居民生活方式在内的环境因素的变化起着重要作用,需要深入开展流行病学研究,明确危险因素,提出有效的预防方法.     

The shape of age–incidence curves of female breast cancer by hormone-receptor status

Objectives: Substantial decline of ovarian hormones at menopause plays an important role in breast cancer etiology. Hormones must bind to specific receptors to elicit biological responses, however. We therefore hypothesized and examined whether the age-specific risk of breast cancer, especially its change at menopause, differs by estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status.Methods: Age-specific incidence rates, stratified by ER/PR status, were estimated by multiplying the age-specific ER/PR distribution among 3359 cases in the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group by Danish national age-specific incidence rates. International variations in the age–incidence curve were also reviewed in relation to the hypothesis.Results: The incidence of ER + /PR + subtype (62.9% of all cases) increased with age continually, with a sudden decrease in the rate of increase around age 44. The incidence of ER – /PR – subtype (17.6%) increased with age prior to about age 50 but remained unchanged subsequently. The incidence of ER + /PR– subtype (13.9%) increased rapidly during the menopausal period but only slightly afterwards. The incidence of ER – /PR + subtype (5.6%) increased until about age 43 and decreased subsequently. The international comparison revealed Western women, particularly the elderly, might be at substantially higher risk for ER + /PR + subtype compared to Japanese women.Conclusion: Age-specific risk of breast cancer differs by ER/PR status. The large international variation of breast cancer incidence rates may be explained largely by the risk difference for ER + /PR + subtype.     

The Epidemiology of Prostatic Cancer: Geographical Distribution and time-trends

Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent tumours in males. Globally about 235000 new cases were estimated to occur in 1980. the cancer is particularly frequent in North America, where rates in blacks are often double those in whites, and in several European countries, being rare in much of Asia. After migration to the US, Chinese and Japanese show substantial increases. Incidence may be distorted by inclusion of varying numbers of so-called 'latent' cancers; for some comparisons mortality data are preferable. 'Small' latent cancers seem to be uniformly distributed irrespective of the incidence of the clinically manifest form. the incidence of prostate cancer seems to be increasing in most populations, particularly in Asia and Eastern Europe. in general, mortality follows suit. Birth cohort analysis shows that for US non-whites, cohorts born before 1896-1900 showed an increase in mortality for all age groups, but the death rates fell for cohorts born subsequently, a phenomenon also observed in Australia and England and Wales.     

肺癌微转移相关标记物及其检测

肺癌微转移是肿瘤在细胞和分子水平上的微量转移.研究发现,通过某些肿瘤标记物的早期检测,可提高TNM分期的准确性,了解肺癌患者预后,正确选择治疗方案.目前发现的特异性和敏感性较好的标记物,包括细胞角蛋白19 mRNA、肺特异性x蛋白mRNA、黏蛋白基因1、胃泌素释放肽受体mRNA等.检测方法有逆转录聚合酶链反应、免疫组化...     

Epidemiology of basal-like breast cancer

Risk factors for the newly identified “intrinsic” breast cancer subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, basal-like and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive/estrogen receptor-negative) were determined in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, a population-based, case–control study of African-American and white women. Immunohistochemical markers were used to subtype 1,424 cases of invasive and in situ breast cancer, and case subtypes were compared to 2,022 controls. Luminal A, the most common subtype, exhibited risk factors typically reported for breast cancer in previous studies, including inverse associations for increased parity and younger age at first full-term pregnancy. Basal-like cases exhibited several associations that were opposite to those observed for luminal A, including increased risk for parity and younger age at first term full-term pregnancy. Longer duration breastfeeding, increasing number of children breastfed, and increasing number of months breastfeeding per child were each associated with reduced risk of basal-like breast cancer, but not luminal A. Women with multiple live births who did not breastfeed and women who used medications to suppress lactation were at increased risk of basal-like, but not luminal A, breast cancer. Elevated waist-hip ratio was associated with increased risk of luminal A in postmenopausal women, and increased risk of basal-like breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal women. The prevalence of basal-like breast cancer was highest among premenopausal African-American women, who also showed the highest prevalence of basal-like risk factors. Among younger African-American women, we estimate that up to 68% of basal-like breast cancer could be prevented by promoting breastfeeding and reducing abdominal adiposity. An erratum to this article can be found at     

The Biology of Lung Cancer: A review

Advances in the understanding of the biology of lung cancer have progressed rapidly over the last decade. It is clear that considerable heterogeneity exists both in small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancer tumours with common properties being shared by both cell types. To further understand the prognostic and clinical significance of these biological properties it is clear that in future clinical trials of both tumour types these properties should be taken into consideration.     

微小RNA与肿瘤

 相关研究发现在肿瘤患者的血液或尿液中,存在着相对特异的微小RNA（miRNA）表达谱,血液、尿液中的miRNA稳定性强、重复性好,可将其作为肿瘤早期诊断、个性化治疗、预后监测或跟踪随访的非创伤性生物标志物。     

蛋白质组学在肿瘤中的应用

蛋白质组学是从细胞水平及整体水平研究蛋白质构成及其变化规律的新兴学科.近年来,蛋白质组学研究已在多种肿瘤中展开,并在阐明肿瘤发生发展机制、发现新的特异性标志物、药物治疗靶标以及肿瘤生物学行为预测等方面取得了一定的进展.