小鼠十二指肠嗜银细胞发育分化的组织学观察

用Ｇｒｉｍｅｌｉｕｓ嗜银法研究了小鼠胚胎１４天至成年十二指肠嗜银细胞的发育分化过程。提示肠嗜银细胞可能有外分泌功能。     

生后人肺神经内分泌细胞的形态学观察—免疫组织化学及电镜研究

用银染色法、免疫组织化学及透射电镜技术，对３６例人肺的神经内分泌细胞进行了形态学和免疫组织化学观察。提示ＮＥ细胞发生了废用性退化，其原因可能与出生前后人肺功能改变有关。     

Hyperplasia of alveolar neuroendocrine cells in rat lung carcinogenesis by silica with selective expression of proadrenomedullin-derived peptides and amidating enzymes.

Pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) cells are found as clusters called neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) or as single cells scattered in the respiratory epithelium. They express a variety of bioactive peptides, and they are thought to be the origin of NE lung tumors. Proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) is a peptide derived from the same precursor as adrenomedullin (AM). AM and PAMP are C-terminally amidated during their processing by a well-characterized amidating enzyme, peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM). We explored AM, PAMP, and PAM expression as markers for NE hyperplasia in three rodent species (Fischer 344 rats, Syrian golden hamsters, and A/J mice) after a single intratracheal instillation of crystalline silica (quartz), which was previously found to induce different reactions in the three species. Rats developed a marked silicosis, with alveolar and bronchiolar hyperplasia and formation of peripheral lung epithelial tumors. Mice developed a moderate degree of silicosis, but not epithelial hyperplasia or tumors. Hamsters showed dust-storage lesions, but not silicosis or tumors. NE cells were immunolabeled for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), AM, PAMP, and PAM in serial sections of each lung. The numbers of positive NEBs per lung area and positive cells per NEB were quantified. A marked hyperplastic reaction in the NEBs of silica treated rats occurred only in alveolar NEBs, but not in bronchiolar NEBs. From Month 11 onwards, there were marked differences in the number of alveolar NEBs per section and in the number of cells per alveolar NEB immunoreactive for CGRP. No hyperplastic NE cell reaction was observed in silica-treated mice and hamsters. Significant PAMP and PAM expression was seen only in rat hyperplastic alveolar and in bronchiolar NEBs from Month 11 onwards. In E18, rat fetal lung NEBs were found to be strongly positive for PAMP and PAM.     

人肺的5—羟色胺细胞和降钙素细胞免疫细胞化学研究

对６６例不同胎龄人胚胎及生后不同年龄人肺的５－羟色胺细胞和降钙素细胞进行了免疫细胞化学研究。     

Neurohormonal peptide immunoreactive cells in mucinous cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas of the ovary

Summary In 144 benign mucinous cystadenomas of the ovary, 33 mucinous cystadenomas of borderline malignancy and 64 mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, the incidence of tumours containing argyrophil (and probably endocrine) cells was 18%, 33%, and 53%, respectively. The results of a semiquantitative assessment of the number of argyrophil cells in each individual tumour indicates that the greatest numbers occurred in the cystadenocarcinomas. As, however, the tumour cell density was larger in the cystadenocarcinomas than in the cystadenomas, and as the argyrophil cells often had a patchy distribution in the tumour epithelium, the incidence figures are unreliable. In addition, visualization of the argyrophil cells depends on an adequate fixation which is difficult to achieve in the routine processing of large tumour specimens.Many argyrophil cells in the cystadenocarcinomas displayed immunoreactivity with antisera raised against gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) neurohormonal peptides. In ten such tumours immunohistochemical evidence was obtained for the presence of the following neurohormonal peptides in the tumour cells: somatostatin, glucagon, gastrin/CCK, neurotensin, and enkephalin. Four of these ten cystadenocarcinomas were multihormonal, in that three contained two cell populations storing GEP neurohormonal peptides, and one tumour even three such populations. In the benign cystadenomas, however, no immunoreactive tumour cells were found. In those of borderline type, only two harboured immunoreactive cells. In both cases the tumour cells stored gastrin/CCK.The general appearance of the epithelium in the mucinous tumours — a continuous single-cell layer of mucin-producing cells intermingled with argyrophil cells of open type — and the spectrum of neurohormonal peptides observed, indicate an origin from the foregut endoderm.This investigation was supported by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council (Projects No. 4X-4499 and 12X-718), the Swedish Cancer Society (Project No. 805), the Cancer Research Fund of Malmö General Hospital, and the Medical Faculty at the University of Lund     

人胚胎小肠EC细胞的免疫组化研究

本文用免疫组化双PAP法研究人胚胎小肠EC细胞的形态发生。结果表明,EC细胞于第9周出现,并随胎龄成比例地增加,以十二指肠上皮内密度最高,回肠最低,三肠段细胞数量变化曲线基本平行且趋于直线.EC细胞的形态多种多样,其细胞突起可伸至固有层。上皮外未发现EC细胞,作者赞同肠道内分泌细胞的内胚层起源学说。     

大鼠小肠嗜银、亲银细胞的分布及形态学观察

本文用肠卷石蜡切片的嗜银反应(黄荫乔法)、亲银反应(Singh法),对11只大鼠小肠的嗜银、亲银细胞的分布及形态学作了初步观察,结果如下。 1.大鼠小肠的嗜银、亲银细胞的密度,在十二指肠最高,从空肠到回肠逐渐减少。 2.嗜银、亲银细胞在肠腺基底部着色较浅,在腺上部着色加深,在绒毛顶端为深染。嗜银细胞基底部有突起,穿过基膜到达固有层。在固有层内,于突起附近有嗜银颗粒和突起相延续。嗜银颗粒到达细胞顶端较为多见,有时可见到嗜银颗粒释放到腺腔内。因此我们认为,嗜银、亲银细胞兼有内、外分泌双重功能。 3.在小肠固有层的结缔组织内,发现有嗜银细胞,细胞形状不规则,有突起,胞质和突起都充满嗜银颗粒,有时可见嗜银颗粒到达细胞外。颗粒的形态、致密度及染色特点,与上皮细胞之间的嗜银细胞相同,故这些细胞可能属于内分泌细胞。     

人胚胎肺内神经内分泌细胞电镜观察

用透射电镜对不同胎龄的人胚胎肺内神经内分泌细胞进行了发生和超微结构观察。肺内支气管上皮内未分化细胞，第八周开始向神经内分泌细胞转化，提示神经内分泌细胞对早期胚胎肺的发生、发育有特殊意义。神经内分泌细胞内致密核心小泡（ＤＣＶ）及其它与内分泌活动有关的各种细胞器发达。能见到Ｐ０细胞、Ｐ１细胞、Ｐ２细胞及Ｐ３细胞等四种类型的神经内分泌细胞。Ｐ０细胞的发生及分化程度表明它可能是一种前细胞，它可以进一步转化     

Ultrastructure and immunocytochemistry of the neuroepithelial bodies in the lung of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum (Urodela, Amphibia).

Light and electron microscopy of the lungs of Ambystoma tigrinum (Urodela) revealed a relatively complex pattern of the neuroendocrine (NE) cells. In the apical parts of smaller septa single NE cells not associated with nerve fibres were covered and surrounded by pneumocytes. The larger septa possessed small areas of ciliated epithelium, in which the NE cells were grouped in a form of neuroepithelial bodies (NEB) consisting of 3-5 cells and covered by goblet cells. NE cells possessed a large nucleus with patches of condensed chromatin, clear cytoplasm, and membrane-bound vesicles of variable morphology and size, containing an electron dense interior surrounded by a lucent space. The size of these dense core vesicles (DCV) ranged from 70-140 nm, while rarely the larger ones exhibited a diameter of 300-600 nm. In some NEB a second type of NE cells was observed for the first time in an amphibian species: these cells communicated with the air space and exhibited on their surface microvilli and a single modified cilium with a 8 + 1 microtubule arrangement. Their cytoplasm contained two types of DCV: dense core granules with a diameter of 140-260 nm and vesicles 320-700 nm in diameter with a moderately electron dense interior. The NEB were associated with intracorpuscular, sensory nerve terminals morphologically afferent and efferent. By immunocytochemistry, the NE cells revealed the presence of serotonin, met-enkephalin, and leu-enkephalin. A paracrine and chemoreceptor role is proposed for NEB of Ambystoma tigrinum.