心理干预在降低儿童牙科畏惧症中的应用

目的:探讨心理干预在减少儿童牙科畏惧症中的作用。方法:采用儿童畏惧调查表-牙科分量表(CFSS-DS)筛选出有牙科畏惧症的儿童156例,随机分为干预组和对照组。对照组患儿常规治疗,干预组患儿采用心理干预配合常规治疗,在治疗中采用行为分级法中的Frankel量表对患儿焦虑程度进行评估。采用SPSS12.0统计软件对数据进行处理。结果:干预组儿童的牙科畏惧程度明显低于对照组(P<0.005)。结论:心理干预是减轻牙科畏惧症的有效方法。     

心理干预在降低儿童牙科畏惧症中的应用

目的:探讨心理干预在减少儿童牙科畏惧症中的作用。方法:采用儿童畏惧调查表-牙科分量表(CFSS-DS)筛选出有牙科畏惧症的儿童156例,随机分为干预组和对照组。对照组患儿常规治疗,干预组患儿采用心理干预配合常规治疗,在治疗中采用行为分级法中的Frankel量表对患儿焦虑程度进行评估。采用SPSS12.0统计软件对数据进行处理。结果:干预组儿童的牙科畏惧程度明显低于对照组(P<0.005)。结论:心理干预是减轻牙科畏惧症的有效方法。     

儿童及其家长发生牙科畏惧症的心理特点及应对措施

目的:针对临床牙科患儿就诊困难分析总结儿童及其家长发生牙科畏惧症的心理特点及应对措施。方法:根据临床中患儿及其家长就诊表现进行心理学分析,继而研究进一步的应对措施。结论:对于发生DF的患儿首先要采用行为心理疗法,医生与患儿、医生与患儿家长进行充分的交流,强化患儿的正面行为,建立积极的正反馈。在必要时辅以药物控制。与患儿家长及心理学专家共同努力探讨有关儿童DF的最佳应对方法。     

儿童龋病的心理护理干预体会

目的总结儿童龋病的心理护理干预效果。方法 2013年3月至2015年3月沈阳市口腔医院儿童口腔科收治乳牙龋病患儿198例,根据就诊时单双号将其分为观察组和对照组各99例。对照组采用常规护理治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用心理护理干预。治疗结束后比较两组临床治疗时间及配合治疗程度。结果观察组总配合率为90.9%(90/99),高于对照组74.7%(74/99),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗时间为(14.8±3.6)min,低于对照组(19.5±6.3)min,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论科学的治疗和心理护理干预,可使患儿积极配合治疗,缩短治疗时间。     

作业疗法结合图片交换交流系统在儿童孤独症康复治疗中的应用

目的探究作业疗法结合图片交换交流系统(PECS)在儿童孤独症康复治疗中的应用。方法选取2017年1月至2018年12月于我院接受治疗的孤独症患儿86例为受试对象,随机分为观察组与对照组各43例。对照组予以PECS治疗,观察组在其基础上实施作业疗法治疗。比较两组患儿治疗前及治疗6个月后心理发育水平、病情恢复情况及治疗依从性变化。结果治疗6个月后,两组患儿沟通、体能及行为3项得分均较治疗前显著提升,且观察组的体能及行为得分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而两组沟通能力得分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组患儿孤独症儿童行为量表、儿童孤独症评定量表得分较治疗前均有显著下降,且观察组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后观察组患儿治疗总依从率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论作业疗法结合PECS确可明显改善孤独症患儿症状,改善患儿心理发育水平,且能显著提高其治疗依从性。     

心理干预在过敏性紫癜腹痛患儿护理中的应用

目的:探讨心理干预对过敏性紫癜患儿腹痛疗效的影响。方法:选择在我院儿科住院治疗的5岁以上过敏性紫癜腹痛儿童29例,随机分为干预组和对照组,干预组13例,对照组16例。对照组入院后采取常规护理,干预组患儿采取常规护理和心理干预护理,护理过程中应用认知、情绪、行为、社会支持等方法进行心理干预。结果:干预组患儿的腹痛程度以及焦虑程度与对照组相比均有明显下降(P<0.05)。结论:对过敏性紫癜腹痛患儿进行心理干预,能有效减轻患儿的疼痛和焦虑水平,提高治疗效果及生活质量。     

新型揿针结合彭氏眼针治疗痉挛型脑性瘫痪患儿合并智力障碍的临床观察

目的观察新型揿针结合彭氏眼针治疗痉挛型脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)患儿合并智力障碍的临床疗效。方法选取2016年5月至2018年5月沈阳市儿童医院康复中心二病区收治的痉挛型脑瘫并伴有智力低下患儿40例,按就诊先后次序及家长意愿接受眼针治疗与否将患儿分为观察组和对照组各20例。对照组采用综合康复训练方法,包括物理治疗与作业疗法、语言训练等。观察组在对照组治疗基础上采用眼针治疗。30d为1个疗程。观察两组患儿在治疗前及治疗6个疗程后适应能力、语言、社交行为及发育商。结果观察组总有效率为90.0%(18/20),显著高于对照组60.0%(12/20),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组发育商值、适应能力、语言、社交行为分值均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论新型揿针结合彭氏眼针疗法简单,好操作,且更容易为家长及患儿接受,且疗效显著。     

行为疗法对孤独症儿童沟通能力的影响效果分析

目的探讨采用行为疗法对孤独症儿童沟通能力的影响。方法选取2017年6月至2019年6月本院收治的孤独症儿童80例作为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组各40例。对照组采取常规疗法,观察组采取行为疗法,比较儿童孤独症行为量表(ABC)、儿童期孤独症评定量表(CARS)和儿童心理教育评估量表(PEP-3)评分及家长满意度。结果治疗前两组患儿ABC、CARS和PEP-3评分结果比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组ABC和CARS评分显著低于对照组,PEP-3评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组家长满意率为95.0%(38/40),高于对照组77.5%(31/40),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论通过对孤独症儿童进行行为疗法,能够加强患儿与外界沟通交流,有利于患儿恢复健康成长,是孤独症护理中一项有效的治疗措施。     

心理疏导联合中医药疗法治疗14例儿童遗尿症疗效观察

目的 总结心理疏导联合中医药疗法治疗小儿遗尿症的临床特点.方法 采用心理疏导的方法,配合中药及针刺疗法,对14例儿童遗尿症患儿进行治疗.结果 14例患儿中,治愈4例,显效3例,有效5例,总有效率80％.结论 心理疏导配合中医药疗法治疗儿童遗尿症疗效确切,值得临床应用.     

祛风止动方治疗儿童抽动障碍外风引动证临床观察

目的 探讨祛风止动方治疗儿童抽动障碍外风引动证的临床疗效。方法 选取2021年2月至2022年6月于宜兴市中医医院儿科门诊就诊的抽动障碍外风引动证患儿80例,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例。观察组口服祛风止动方,对照组口服盐酸硫必利,两组治疗疗程均为8周。比较两组患儿临床总有效率、治疗前后中医证候积分变化、治疗前后抽动症状严重程度积分变化、复发率及不良反应情况。结果 观察组总有效率为92.5%(37/40),高于对照组75.0%(30/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗8周后,两组抽动严重程度及中医临床证候积分均低于治疗前,且观察组积分显著降低,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3个月和6个月随访,两组复发率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 祛风止动方治疗儿童抽动障碍外风引动证的临床疗效好,可明显改善患儿的临床症状及体征,用药安全性高,值得进一步深入研究。     

心理引导法辅助学龄前儿童牙病治疗临床观察

目的：探讨心理引导法对学龄前儿童牙病治疗的影响方法：选取4—6岁儿童180名，随机分为两组实验组和对照组，在治疗中实验组采用牙病治疗中积极沟通，心理引导等方法辅助。对照组仅进行必要沟通，常规治疗，观察对牙病治疗的影响。按照疗程完成情况，患儿治疗时配合情况，行为表现设置判定标准，记录患儿首诊和复诊配合的情况。结果：实验组合作率高于对照组，两组合作率有显著差别（P〈0．01），结论；儿童牙病治疗中，有效交流和心理引导可缓解患儿畏惧心理，使患儿较好地配合，较好的辅助医生完成治疗。     

心理干预在初产妇分娩过程中的运用

目的：探讨心理干预对初产妇分娩的影响。方法：选取60例初产产妇,给予心理干预,包括分娩认知教育、产前心理护理、产时心理护理;选取60例初产产妇进行照组,给予常规护理。结果：干预组与对照相比产妇的产程时间、剖宫产率均显著降低（P〈0．05）,差异具有统计学意义。结论心理干预能减轻其对妊娠和分娩的恐惧,使其做好分娩的心理准备,避免了孕妇盲目选择剖宫产。     

心理护理在儿科门诊中的应用价值

目的分析心理护理应用在儿科门诊中的价值。方法 2014年10月至2016年2月在沈阳市沈河区妇幼保健所儿科门诊接收治疗的患者中选取252例患儿和陪同家长作为研究对象,将接受心理护理的126例作为观察组,同时选取同期未接受心理护理的126例作为对照组。对比两组患儿的依从性和家长的满意度。结果观察组患儿依从性和家长满意度均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论心理护理能够改善患儿依从性,提高家长满意度,值得儿科诊室普及。     

Fear of childbirth: predictors and temporal changes among nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort

Objectives  To describe the association between fear of childbirth and social, demographic and psychological factors in a cohort of 30 480 healthy nulliparous women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies.
Design  Nationwide population-based study.
Setting  The Danish National Birth Cohort.
Population  Healthy nulliparous women ( n = 30 480) with singleton pregnancies.
Methods  Data from computer-assisted telephone interviews twice in pregnancy linked with national health registers.
Main outcome measures  Characteristics of women with fear of childbirth in early (mean, 16 weeks) and late pregnancy (mean, 32 weeks) and changes in fear of childbirth between 1997 and 2003.
Results  Low educational level, lack of a social network, young age and unemployment were associated with fear of childbirth, as were being a smoker and having low self-rated health. The odds ratio for fear of childbirth among women with anxiety symptoms was 4.8 (4.1–5.7) after adjustment for socio-demographic, lifestyle, fertility and depression variables. During the study period, the prevalence of fear of childbirth was stable. Fear of childbirth was reported by 7.6% in early pregnancy and 7.4% in late pregnancy. Only 3.2% of the women expressed fear of childbirth in both interviews.
Conclusions  The prevalence of fear of childbirth among healthy nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies did not increase during the study period. Fear of childbirth among nulliparous women was most often seen in individuals with few social and psychological resources. Testing the women twice, we found the same prevalence of fear in early and late pregnancy, but found that half the women who expressed fear during early pregnancy had no fear later in pregnancy, an effect that was counterbalanced by a similar number of women who became fearful between the two interviews.     

Tokophobia--a multidisciplinary problem

Pathological fear of childbirth known as "tokophobia" affects about 6-10% pregnancies and is of concern mainly because of remarkable sequele regarding women's morbidity, the neurobehavioral development of their children, and cesarean section on maternal request (CSMR). Fear of labor is a multidimensional problem involving a number of biological, psychological and social background factors and may be divided into primary and secondary tokophobia and tokophobia as a symptom of depression. Fear of childbirth is closely related to the fear of labor pain. It appears that women who experience fear, suffer from more pain due to alterations in the mechanisms of pregnancy induced analgesia. Despite no relevant connection between tokophobia and request for effective analgesia for labor pain relief, neuraxial techniques should always be available, especially to women with increased levels of negative emotions. However, epidural analgesia itself may increase fear level at the end and after labor and delivery. The mainstay of tokphobia treatment constitutes psychotherapeutic methods, which decrease negative labor experience; their impact on CSMR is controversial. There is a strong need for multidisciplinary approach to tokophobia due to its complexity and obstetric, anesthesiological, psychological and psychiatric implications.     

儿童口腔健康行为与龋病发病相关因素分析

目的获取儿童口腔健康行为和口腔保健资源利用情况,对乳牙龋病发病情况与其相关性行为因素进行研究。方法采用定点分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取440名在沈阳市常住的幼儿园5岁儿童及其家长,男女各半。以问卷形式取得儿童口腔健康行为数据,同时进行儿童龋病的临床检查,观察目标人群患龋率、龋失补牙数、龋均、采用口腔健康行为人数比率。结果目标人群乳牙总体患龋率为67.1%,龋失补牙数为1362颗,龋均为3.10。有睡前进食甜食习惯者中患龋率和龋均分别为92.3%和4.59,与无此行为者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01);在家长监督下有效刷牙者患龋率和龋均分别为42.2%和1.08,与无此行为者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01);定期口腔健康检查者患龋率和龋均分别为36.4%和1.63,与无此行为者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。目标人群乳牙患龋率、龋失补牙数与睡前有进食甜食习惯、家长监督下有效刷牙和定期口腔健康检查行为均具有相关性,其中睡前有进食甜食习惯为相关危险因素,家长监督下有效刷牙和定期口腔健康检查为相关保护因素。结论儿童口腔健康行为与龋病发病情况存在相关性,应加强对儿童家长的口腔健康教育,促进儿童口腔健康。     

The destiny of cryopreserved embryos

OBJECTIVES: To know the psychological motivations of couples who keep their embryos so long (five years and more) and do not make a decision about them. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 84 couples refrained from making a decision on their cryopreserved embryos for at least five years. They were invited to fill out a questionnaire focusing on three points: the reasons of the indecision, their own representation of the cryopreserved embryos and their choice for the future: donation to another couple, to research, pregnancy or no solution for the moment. RESULTS: Mean (S.D.) women's and men's age were respectively, 38.8 (2.5)- and 41.3 (2.5)-years old. On average, three (1-9) embryos are preserved since 7.5 (5-12) years. Most of couples are parents. Four major reasons explain their attitudes: feeling of being too aged (25%), fear of a multiple pregnancy (45%), disagreement between members of couple (20%) and fear of failure (42.5%). Multiple choices were given to the future of the embryos: 25% wanted a pregnancy, 8% wanted to give them to infertile couples, 20% to research and 27.5% did not find any solution. Twenty percent were hesitating. The representation of those embryos is more symbolic than material. Most of the time, they see them like a potential child, a hope for the future or a brother or sister of their alive children. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Those embryos are symbolized. They are a proof of fertility, a hope for another child. So, whatever the legal statement, couples will be in a dilemma because it is never easy for an infertile person to renounce to embryos, and the hope for children.