中药狼疮方对狼疮样BXSB小鼠脾脏免疫系统和淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的：研究中药狼疮方对狼疮样BXSB小鼠免疫系统和淋巴细胞亚群的影响，探讨狼疮方治疗SLE的免疫学机制。 方法： 采用BXSB小鼠模型，随机分为3组：狼疮方治疗组（每天0.5 mL狼疮方药液灌胃）、强的松治疗组（每天prednisone 0.173 mg/20 g BW溶于0.5 mL生理盐水灌胃），未治疗组（每天0.5 mL生理盐水灌胃），每组6只，疗程10周。另设与BXSB小鼠同基因的正常C57BL/6小鼠6只为正常对照组。分别采集上述各组小鼠外周血和脾组织进行检测。 结果： （1）未治疗组BXSB小鼠血清IgG和抗ds-DNA抗体水平及脾组织CD3、CD4、CD8、CD19、CD23阳性细胞百分比都显著高于正常对照组、狼疮方治疗组、强的松治疗组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。（2）经狼疮方或强的松治疗后，BXSB小鼠血清IgG、抗ds-DNA抗体水平及脾组织CD4、CD8、CD19、CD23阳性细胞百分比显著低于未治疗组（与未治疗组相比，P＜0.05或P＜0.01），且接近正常水平（与正常对照组比较，P＞0.05）。 结论： 狼疮样BXSB小鼠T、B细胞免疫功能上调。中药狼疮方可抑制狼疮样小鼠T、B淋巴细胞活化，减轻其高丙种球蛋白血症，减少体内自身抗体产生。     

体外CD134L单抗或CTLA4Ig对狼疮样BXSB小鼠脾细胞分泌IL-6、IFN-γ及自身抗体的影响

目的:探讨体外CD134L单抗或CTLA4Ig对狼疮样BXSB小鼠脾细胞分泌IL-6、IFN-γ及自身抗体的影响。方法:采用未经治疗的狼疮样BXSB小鼠模型,应用CD134L单抗和/或CTLA4Ig体外特异性阻断CD134-CD134L或B7-CD28通路后,用MTT法测定分裂原刀豆蛋白A(ConA)诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应和用ELISA方法测定ConA诱导的脾细胞培养上清液中IL-6、IFN-γ和抗ds-DNA抗体的表达水平,并与经中药狼疮方或强的松治疗的狼疮样BXSB小鼠模型进行比较。结果: (1)在单纯培养或经ConA刺激后培养,相比于正常对照鼠,狼疮样小鼠脾淋巴细胞都表现有增殖反应性的显著增高,IFN-γ、 IL-6蛋白量的增高和抗ds-DNA抗体的过度分泌。(2)经强的松或中药狼疮方体内治疗后,狼疮样小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外培养的增殖反应性及IFN-γ、IL-6的分泌都受到明显抑制,抗ds-DNA抗体的产生也明显减少。(3)体外单独应用CD134L单抗或 CTLA4Ig特异性阻断CD134-CD134L或B7-CD28共刺激信号通路,同样可以显著抑制体外培养的狼疮样小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖反应及IFN-γ、IL-6的分泌,并可明显减少抗ds-DNA抗体的产生,但它们的抑制作用比强的松、中药狼疮方体内治疗狼疮样小鼠时所表现出的类似效应要弱。(4)联合CD134L单抗和CTLA4Ig,则治疗作用显著提高,其抑制脾淋巴细胞的增殖反应及 IFN-γ、IL-6的分泌,抗ds-DNA抗体产生的作用都优于中药狼疮方的体内治疗效果,而与强的松的体内治疗效应相当。结论: CD134-CD134L可以提供独立的、非B7-CD28依赖的,另一种驱动抗原特异性T细胞增殖的协同刺激通路。同时阻断B7与 CD28、CD134L与CD134间的相互作用,使自身反应性T淋巴细胞的活化和增殖受到快速而最大限度的抑制,对治疗SLE等自身免疫性疾病可能是一种较理想的免疫干预模式。     

中药狼疮方对狼疮样BXSB小鼠肺组织CD134/CD134L和RANTES表达的影响

目的探讨中药狼疮方对狼疮样BXSB小鼠肺组织CD134／CD134L和RANTES表达的影响。方法采用BXSB小鼠模型，随机分为3组：狼疮方治疗组、强的松治疗组、未治疗组，每组6只，疗程10周。另设与BXSB小鼠同基因的正常C57BL／6小鼠6只为正常对照组。分别取小鼠肺组织，应用逆转录-荧光定量-聚合酶链反应（RT-FQ-PCR）技术定量测定小鼠肺组织CD134、CD134L和趋化因子RANTES的mRNA表达水平。结果①未治疗组小鼠肺组织CD134、CD134L mRNA和RANTKS mRNA的表达水平都显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）；经强的松或中药狼疮方治疗后，BXSB小鼠肺组织CD134、CD134L及RANTES的mRNA表达都受到明显抑制，显著低于未治疗组（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）；且接近正常水平，与正常对照组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。②BXSB小鼠肺组织RANTES的mRNA表达水平与CD134L的mRNA表达水平呈显著的正相关关系（r=0．793，P〈0．05），而与CD134的mRNA表达水平无显著的相关关系（r=0．412，P〉0．05）。结论中药狼疮方具有与强的松类似的免疫抑制作用，可显著抑制狼疮样小鼠肺组织CD134／CD134L共刺激信号表达；并下调肺组织RANTKS mRNA表达水平，具有一定的肺脏保护作用。     

体外CDl34L单抗或CTLA4Ig对狼疮样BXSB小鼠脾细胞分泌IL-6、IFN-γ及自身抗体的影响

目的：探讨体外CD134L单抗或CTLA4Ig对狼疮样BXSB小鼠脾细胞分泌IL-6、IFN-γ及自身抗体的影响。方法：采用未经治疗的狼疮样BXSB小鼠模型，应用CDl34L单抗和／或CTLA4Ig体外特异性阻断CDl34-CDl34L或B7-CD28通路后，用MTT法测定分裂原刀豆蛋白A（ConA）诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应和用ELISA方法测定ConA诱导的脾细胞培养上清液中IL-6、IFN-γ和抗ds-DNA抗体的表达水平，并与经中药狼疮方或强的松治疗的狼疮样BXSB小鼠模型进行比较。结果：（1）在单纯培养或经ConA刺激后培养，相比于正常对照鼠，狼疮样小鼠脾淋巴细胞都表现有增殖反应性的显著增高，IFN-γ、IL-6蛋白量的增高和抗ds-DNA抗体的过度分泌。（2）经强的松或中药狼疮方体内治疗后，狼疮样小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外培养的增殖反应性及IFN-γ、IL-6的分泌都受到明显抑制，抗ds-DNA抗体的产生也明显减少。（3）体外单独应用CD134L单抗或CTLA41g特异性阻断CD134-CD134L或B7-CD28共刺激信号通路，同样可以显著抑制体外培养的狼疮样小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖反应及IFN-γ、IL-6的分泌，并可明显减少抗ds-DNA抗体的产生，但它们的抑制作用比强的松、中药狼疮方体内治疗狼疮样小鼠时所表现出的类似效应要弱。（4）联合CD134L单抗和CTLA4Ig，则治疗作用显著提高，其抑制脾淋巴细胞的增殖反应及IFN-γ、IL-6的分泌，抗ds-DNA抗体产生的作用都优于中药狼疮方的体内治疗效果，而与强的松的体内治疗效应相当。结论：CD134-CD134L可以提供独立的、非B7-CD28依赖的，另一种驱动抗原特异性T细胞增殖的协同刺激通路。同时阻断B7与CD28、CD134L与CD134间的相互作用，使自身反应性T淋巴细胞的活化和增殖受到快速而最大限度的抑制，对治疗SLE等自身免疫性疾病可能是一种较理想的免疫干预模式。     

CD28/B7和CD134/CD134L共刺激通路阻断与免疫抑制剂联合治疗对移植心脏存活时间影响

目的探讨CD28-B7、CD134-CD134L共刺激信号通路阻断以及雷帕霉素、供体特异性脾细胞输注(DST)等联合治疗对心脏移植排斥反应的影响。方法将DA大鼠心脏移植到LEW大鼠的腹腔内,用CTLA4-Ig融合蛋白、CD134L抗体分别阻断CD28-B7、CD134-CD134L共刺激信号通路,以及雷帕霉素、DST等不同治疗组合观察对移植心脏存活时间的影响,并利用免疫组化方法观察炎症细胞浸润情况。结果CD134-CD134L、CD28-B7共刺激信号通路单独阻断和雷帕霉素单独治疗后心脏存活时间分别为7.6+0.5d、12+3.5d和19.1+6d;CD134-CD134L、CD28-B7共刺激信号通路阻断与雷帕霉素联合治疗心脏存活时间分别为25.2+2.2d和31.5+4.6d。CD134-CD134L、CD28-B7共刺激信号通路共同阻断与雷帕霉素、DST联合治疗心脏存活时间明显延长,为59.1±10.4d,另外有2例存活时间超过120d。结论单独雷帕霉素、CD134-CD134L和CD28-B7通路阻断对移植心脏炎症细胞浸润和组织坏死程度无明显改善,而两个共刺激通路同时阻断与雷帕霉素、DST联合治疗时改善效果最明显。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血CD4+和CD8+T细胞PD-1的表达和意义

目的 探讨程序性死亡分子1 (PD-1)在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血CD4+和CD8+T细胞上的表达及临床意义.方法 应用流式细胞仪检测51例SLE患者和38例健康对照者外周血T细胞亚群表面PD-1表达水平,比较SLE稳定组、活动组和健康对照组以及狼疮肾炎组和无狼疮肾炎组之间CD4+和CD8+T细胞表面PD-1表达的百分比,并分析其与临床表现及实验室检查数据的相关性.结果 SLE活动组CD4+T细胞PD-1表达水平高于健康对照组和不活动组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).SLE活动组、稳定组CD8+T细胞PD-1表达水平均高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).狼疮肾炎患者CD4+PD-1+和CD8+PD-1+T细胞分别高于无狼疮肾炎患者(P＜0.01).SLE患者中抗dsDNA抗体、抗Sm抗体、抗核小体抗体阳性组外周血CD4+和CD8+T细胞PD-1表达水平均高于对应阴性组.SLE患者CD4+和CD8+T细胞PD-1表达百分率与SLE疾病活动度指数(SLEDAI)、尿蛋白定量呈正相关,与补体C3呈负相关.结论 SLE患者外周血CD4+和CD8+T细胞PD-1表达异常,与SLEDA1和自身抗体产生有明确的相关性.     

外周血CD19+B细胞PD-L1的表达与系统性红斑狼疮发病的相关性分析

目的:探讨程序性死亡配体1(Programmed death ligand-1,PD-L1)在系统性红斑狼疮(Systemic lupus erythema-tosus,SLE)患者外周血B细胞上的表达及临床意义。方法:应用流式细胞仪检测51例SLE患者和38例健康对照者外周血CD19+B细胞表面PD-L1的表达水平,比较SLE稳定组、活动组和健康对照组以及狼疮肾炎组和无狼疮肾炎组之间CD19+B细胞表面PD-L1表达阳性细胞的百分比,并分析其与临床表现及实验室检查数据的相关性。结果:SLE活动组和稳定组CD19+PD-L1+B细胞百分率均低于健康对照组,活动组又低于稳定组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。狼疮肾炎患者CD19+PD-L1+B细胞百分率低于无狼疮肾炎患者(P<0.05)。SLE患者CD19+PD-L1+B细胞百分率与SLEDAI评分、尿蛋白定量、呈负相关,与C3呈正相关。SLE患者中抗dsDNA抗体、抗Sm抗体、抗U1snRNP抗体、抗核小体抗体阳性组外周血B细胞PD-L1表达水平均低于对应阴性组,且均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:SLE患者外周血CD19+B细胞表达PD-L1下降,与病情活动性和抗体产生有很好的相关性。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血CD14~+单核细胞表达PD-L1的分析和意义

目的:探讨PD-L1在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血单核细胞(Mo)上的表达及临床意义。方法:应用流式细胞仪检测51例SLE患者和38例健康对照者外周血CD14+Mo表面PD-L1表达水平,比较SLE不活动组、活动组和健康对照组以及狼疮肾炎组和无狼疮肾炎组之间CD14+Mo表面PD-L1表达的百分比,并分析其与临床表现及实验室检查数据的相关性。结果:SLE活动组和稳定组CD14+PD-L1+Mo百分率均高于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。狼疮肾炎患者CD14+PD-L1+Mo百分率高于无狼疮肾炎患者(P<0.05)。SLE患者CD14+PD-L1+Mo百分率与SLEDAI评分、尿蛋白定量呈正相关。SLE患者中抗dsDNA抗体、抗Sm抗体、抗U1snRNP抗体、抗核小体抗体阳性组外周血CD14+PD-L1+单核细胞百分率均高于对应阴性组,且均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:SLE患者外周血CD14+Mo细胞表达PD-L1异常,与病情活动性和抗体产生有关。     

FCM检测标记细胞凋亡方法的建立及应用

采用流式细胞仪 (FCM )测定BXSB狼疮鼠发病组、正常对照组和中药治疗组的脾脏组织中CD4 + 、CD19+细胞凋亡的水平 ,结果显示 ,BXSB狼疮鼠发病组CD4 + 、CD19+ 细胞凋亡水平显著高于正常对照组和中药治疗组(P <0 .0 5 )。此法需样本量少 ,操作简便 ,结果可靠 ,可在临床及科研中推广使用     

氟达拉宾对系统性红斑狼疮BXSB小鼠狼疮活动的影响

目的 :探讨氟达拉宾对系统性红斑狼疮BXSB小鼠狼疮活动的影响 ,氟达拉宾治疗重型系统性红斑狼疮的可能性、有效性及其可能的机制。方法 :用 30mg (m2 ·d) ,连续 3天氟达拉宾尾静脉注入BXSB小鼠体内 ,用血液分析仪分析用氟达拉宾前后不同时间小鼠外周血白细胞的变化 ,用ELISA方法测定BXSB小鼠血清抗ds DNA抗体、抗核抗体的变化 ,免疫荧光检查肾组织的病理改变 ,尿蛋白试纸检测用氟达拉宾前后BXSB小鼠的蛋白尿 ,流式细胞仪分析T淋巴细胞表面CD4 + Fas+ 、CD8+ Fas+ 、、CD4 5RO+ Fas+ 表达的变化。结果 :用氟达拉宾后BXSB小鼠外周血白细胞数从第 3天开始下降 ,至第 7天时白细胞下降至最低值〔(0 5± 0 2 )× 10 9L- 1 〕 ,白细胞上升至 1 0× 10 9L- 1 的时间是用药后 19天 ;BXSB小鼠血清抗ds DNA抗体、抗核抗体的水平明显下降 ,分别出现在用氟达拉宾后第 14、2 1天时 ;用药后第 2 8天氟达拉宾组 72 7%的BXSB小鼠肾组织进行免疫荧光病理检查 ,其荧光强度由 +～ ++→± ;用氟达拉宾后第 2 1、2 8天尿蛋白从 ++～ +++转±～ -占 81 8% ;用Flu后BXSB小鼠CD4 + Fas+ 、CD8+ Fas+ 、CD4 5RO+ Fas+ 的表达均明显低于用Flu前。结论 :氟达拉宾可明显减少BXSB小鼠血清抗ds DNA抗体、抗核抗体的水平 ,减少BXSB小     

Effect of anti-CD134L mAb and CTLA4Ig on ConA-induced proliferation, Th cytokine secretion, and anti-dsDNA antibody production in spleen cells from lupus-prone BXSB mice

We sought to evaluate the effects of combined downregulation of CD134 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) on the autoimmune process of lupus. Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced proliferation, T helper cell cytokine secretion, and anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody production were measured in cultures of splenic lymphocytes derived from lupus-prone BXSB mice. Splenocytes from six prednisone-treated and six untreated male lupus-prone BXSB mice, as well as from six syngeneically normal C57BL/6 male mice, were stimulated with ConA. BXSB splenocytes from untreated mice were exposed to anti-CD134L mAb, CTLA4 linked to the Fc portion of IgG1 (CTLA4Ig), or both. The magnitude of splenocyte proliferation and the levels of IFN-gamma, IL-6, and anti-dsDNA antibody were: (1) significantly higher in cultures of ConA-stimulated control and other cells than in unstimulated cells, (2) similar in cultures of normal and BXSB cells treated with anti-CD134 and CTLA4Ig or prednisone and (3) significantly reduced in cultures of ConA-stimulated and unstimulated cells treated with anti-CD134L and CTLA4Ig or prednisone compared with cells treated with CD134L or CTLA4Ig alone. Like corticosteroids, anti-CD134L mAb or CTLA4Ig can inhibit T- and B-cell activation by blocking the CD134-CD134L or CD28/CTLA4-B7 co-stimulatory pathway. The combined immune intervention described herein may prove useful for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus.     

Antibody production in autoimmune BXSB mice. I. CD40L-expressing B cells need fewer signals for polyclonal antibody synthesis.

Male, but not female, BXSB mice develop severe lupus associated with multiple immune system defects. It was recently shown that one immunological abnormality found in male BXSB mice encompasses B cell expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L) by an expanded population of large B cells. The present study was undertaken to determine how the CD40L-expressing large B cells in male BXSB mice compared with size-matched B cells from female mice in terms of their ability to secrete antibody. It was shown that the large B cells from female mice, similar to the small B cells from either male or female mice, required CD40 signalling, immunoglobulin cross-linking and cytokines for optimal antibody synthesis. In contrast, large B cells from male BXSB mice produced high levels of antibody when stimulated with only two of the three signals, and made significantly more total IgM and IgG, and anti-ssDNA antibody than size-matched B cells from female mice when stimulated with IL-4/IL-5 alone, IL-4/IL-5 plus low levels of anti-IgD-dextran, or IL-4/IL-5 plus anti-CD40 MoAb. The ability of the large B cells from male mice to produce antibody under suboptimal stimulatory conditions correlated with their expression of CD40L, and was inhibited by CD40-immunoglobulin. Taken together, these findings suggested that large CD40L-expressing B cells from male BXSB mice may be able to bypass a need for CD40 signalling from T cells, thus contributing to autoimmune disease by promoting antibody production in the absence of cognate T cell help.     

CD4+ T cells epigenetically modified by oxidative stress cause lupus-like autoimmunity in mice

Lupus develops when genetically predisposed people encounter environmental agents such as UV light, silica, infections and cigarette smoke that cause oxidative stress, but how oxidative damage modifies the immune system to cause lupus flares is unknown. We previously showed that oxidizing agents decreased ERK pathway signaling in human T cells, decreased DNA methyltransferase 1 and caused demethylation and overexpression of genes similar to those from patients with active lupus. The current study tested whether oxidant-treated T cells can induce lupus in mice. We adoptively transferred CD4⁺ T cells treated in vitro with oxidants hydrogen peroxide or nitric oxide or the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine into syngeneic mice and studied the development and severity of lupus in the recipients. Disease severity was assessed by measuring anti-dsDNA antibodies, proteinuria, hematuria and by histopathology of kidney tissues. The effect of the oxidants on expression of CD40L, CD70, KirL1 and DNMT1 genes and CD40L protein in the treated CD4⁺ T cells was assessed by Q-RT-PCR and flow cytometry. H₂O₂ and ONOO⁻ decreased Dnmt1 expression in CD4⁺ T cells and caused the upregulation of genes known to be suppressed by DNA methylation in patients with lupus and animal models of SLE. Adoptive transfer of oxidant-treated CD4⁺ T cells into syngeneic recipients resulted in the induction of anti-dsDNA antibody and glomerulonephritis. The results show that oxidative stress may contribute to lupus disease by inhibiting ERK pathway signaling in T cells leading to DNA demethylation, upregulation of immune genes and autoreactivity.     

体外阻断CD134对LN患者外周血单个核细胞TH1/TH2细胞因子表达的影响

目的 探讨CD134／CD134L共刺激分子对TH1，TH2细胞因子表达的影响及在狼疮性肾炎（LN）发病机制中的可能作用。方法活动期LN患者10例，分别采取外周静脉血，用密度梯度离心法制备新鲜PBMC，分成6组：（1）对照培养组；（2）单纯刺激组；（3）抗CD134组；（4）抗Ⅱ，4组；（5）rhCD134：Fc组；（6）地塞米松（Dex）组。另选取10例健康体检者作为健康对照组。采用ELISA法分别测定培养液上清中IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10表达水平。结果（1）在抗CD3ε单抗／rIL-2刺激前，活动期LN患者PBMC培养液上清分泌的IFN-γ、IL-4和IL-10水平都明显高于健康对照组；（2）在抗CD3ε单抗／rIL-2刺激下，活动期LN患者PBMC分泌的IFN-γ，4和IL-10又较刺激前明显增加；（3）抗IL-4单抗、抗CDl34单抗均可使经抗CD3ε单抗／rIL-2刺激的LN患者PBMC分泌IL-4、IL-10水平显著下降，导致IFN-γ水平显著增高，免疫应答朝TH1方向偏离；（4）Dex能显著抑制抗CD3ε单抗／rIL-2刺激的原代培养PBMC中IL-4、IFN-γ的分泌水平，但对IL-10的产生并没有明显的抑制或促进作用；（5）rhCD134：Fc能显著降低抗CD3ε单抗／rIL-2刺激的原代培养PBMC中IFN-γ及IL-4、IL-10的分泌水平，对TH1和TH2细胞因子的产生都有显著抑制作用。结论糖皮质激素的抗炎机制具有多重性，对TH1、TH2细胞因子的作用并不均衡；抗CD134单抗对减轻LN患者PBMC的异常活化有一定作用；CD134-IgG融合蛋白与抗CD134单抗相比，抑制作用更明显，对急性期LN有更好的治疗作用。     

CD134 expression on CD4+ T cells is associated with nephritis and disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a deviation of the immune system that involves T cell-dependent autoantibody production. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of co-stimulatory markers on T cells in this disease. Twenty-eight patients with SLE as defined by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and 11 healthy controls were included into the study. Eleven patients had biopsy-proven lupus nephritis while 17 patients had no clinical evidence of lupus nephritis. Clinical disease activity was assessed according to the systemic lupus erythematosus disease index (SLEDAI). CD4+ T cell populations in the peripheral blood were analysed for the expression of co-stimulatory markers CD45RO, CD70, CD80, CD86, CD137, CD137L, CD134, CD152, CD154 and ICOS. SLE patients showed an increased frequency of peripheral CD4+ T cells expressing high levels of CD80, CD86 and CD134 compared to healthy controls (7.1 +/- 1.5% versus 1.7 +/- 0.9%; P < 0.005; 2.3 +/- 0.4% versus 1.0 +/- 0.2%; P = 0.008, 20.2 +/- 2.0% versus 10.6 +/- 1.9%; P < 0.005, respectively). Significantly higher levels of CD80 on CD4+ T cells were detected in SLE patients with lupus nephritis compared to patients without nephritis (11.9 +/- 3.3% versus 4.0 +/- 0.7%; P < 0.005). There was an increased presence of CD134+ CD4+ cells in SLE patients with lupus nephritis (27.5 +/- 4.0% versus 15.5 +/- 1.3%; P < 0.005). CD80 and CD134 expression was significantly correlated with SLEDAI (r = 0.42, P = 0.03; r = 0.56, P < 0.005). Co-stimulatory molecules on CD4+ T cells are associated with renal disease and disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.     

Preferential dependence of autoantibody production in murine lupus on CD86 costimulatory molecule

Blockade of the interactions between CD28/CTLA-4 and their ligands, CD80 (B7, B7.1)/CD86 (B70, B7.2), seems an attractive means to induce antigenspecific peripheral tolerance in organ transplantation and autoimmune disease. Recently, diversities between CD80 and CD86 in expression, regulation, and function have been reported in certain cell populations and murine experimental disease models. To investigate the possible differential role of CD80 and CD86 in the development of lupus, we treated lupus-prone NZB/WF1 mice with specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against CD80, CD86, or both. The treatment with a combination of anti-CD80 and CD86 mAb before the onset of lupus completely prevented autoantibody production and nephritis, and prolonged survival. Interestingly, we found that anti-CD86 mAb alone, but not anti-CD80 mAb, efficiently inhibited autoantibody production. Subclass study on IgG antidouble-stranded (ds) DNA antibody revealed that the treatment with anti-CD86 mAb almost completely inhibited both IgG1 and IgG2b, but not IgG2a production. The incomplete reduction of IgG2a anti-dsDNA antibody by anti-CD86 mAb was compensated by the addition of anti-CD80 mAb. A significant reduction of mRNA for interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-γ, IL-4 and IL-6 was observed in mice treated with a combination of anti-CD80 and CD86 mAb or anti-CD86 mAb alone. Treatment with both mAb after the onset of lupus resulted in a significantly prolonged survival with reduction of autoantibody production. These results suggest that CD86 plays a more critical role in autoantibody production, and CD86, but not CD80, contributes to Th2-mediated Ig production. However, the blockade of both CD80 and CD86 are required for preventing the development and progression of lupus.     

RSV毛细支气管炎患儿血液CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Treg与CD40/CD40L关系的研究

探讨CD40/CD40L信号通路对不同病原体毛细支气管炎(以下简称:毛支炎)患儿血液CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+ Treg的增殖分化及其分泌抑制性细胞因子TGF-β1、IL-10的影响。取呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)及非RSV感染毛支炎患儿血液并检测CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Treg的百分率;并将血液中分离的单个核细胞(PBMC)接种于24孔板内,加入CD40L McAb进行阻断,作用72h后采用流式细胞仪检测培养板内CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Treg的百分率,激光共聚焦检测CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Treg细胞表面Foxp3的平均密度,酶联免疫吸附法检测培养上清中TGF-β1、IL-10的含量。RSV毛支炎患儿血液中CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Treg百分率显著低于非RSV毛支炎患儿及正常对照组(P<0.05);RSV毛支炎患儿体外培养PBMC中CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Treg百分率均显著低于非RSV毛支炎患儿、正常对照组和抗CD40L McAb组(P<0.05)。毛支炎患儿PBMC经过体外培养72h后,抗CD40L McAb组培养的细胞中CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Treg表面Foxp3的平均密度显著高于RSV毛支炎患儿组(P<0.05)。PBMC培养上清中IL-10和TGF-β1的水平抗CD40L McAb组明显高于非RSV毛支炎组,非RSV毛支炎组明显高于RSV毛支炎组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。RSV毛支炎患儿体内存在严重的CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Treg数量不足;体外用抗CD40L McAb阻断CD40/CD40L通路可促进RSV毛支炎PBMC中CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Treg的增殖。     

CD40-CD40L在强直性脊柱炎患者外周血淋巴细胞上的表达

目的探讨共刺激分子CD40CD40L在强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者的外周血淋巴细胞亚群上的异常表达与免疫功能紊乱的关系。方法用流式细胞仪采用直接免疫荧光法测定30例AS患者和20例健康对照人外周血淋巴细胞表面标志CD3、CD4、CD8、CD19的表达情况,CD40L在CD4 T和CD8 T细胞上的表达及CD40在CD19 B细胞上的表达。用速率散射比浊法测定血清中免疫球蛋白IgG,IgA和IgM的水平。结果①AS患者CD3 、CD3 CD4 、CD19 细胞较正常对照组显著增高(P<0.05),CD3 CD8 细胞较正常对照组显著降低(P<0.05);②AS患者CD4 T细胞和CD8 T细胞上的CD40L、CD19 B细胞上CD40的表达都较对照组显著增高(P<0.05);③AS患者血清中2种免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA的水平均较对照组显著增高(P<0.05)。结论CD40CD40L途径在AS免疫功能紊乱中起了重要作用。     

Human antigen‐specific CD4+CD25+CD134+CD39+ T cells are enriched for regulatory T cells and comprise a substantial proportion of recall responses

Human Ag‐specific CD4⁺ T cells can be detected by their dual expression of CD134 (OX40) and CD25 after a 44 hours stimulation with cognate Ag. We show that surface expression of CD39 on Ag‐specific cells consistently identifies a substantial population of CD4⁺CD25⁺CD134⁺CD39⁺ T cells that have a Treg‐cell‐like phenotype and mostly originate from bulk memory CD4⁺CD45RO⁺CD127^lowCD25^highCD39⁺ Treg cells. Viable, Ag‐specific CD25⁺CD134⁺CD39⁺ T cells could be expanded in vitro as cell lines and clones, and retained high Forkhead Box Protein 3, CTLA‐4 and CD39 expression, suppressive activity and Ag specificity. We also utilised this combination of cell surface markers to measure HIV‐Gag responses in HIV⁺ patients before and after anti‐retroviral therapy (ART). Interestingly, we found that the percentage of CD39^? cells within baseline CD4⁺ T‐cell responses to HIV‐Gag was negatively correlated with HIV viral load pre‐ART and positively correlated with CD4⁺ T‐cell recovery over 96 weeks of ART. Collectively, our data show that Ag‐specific CD4⁺CD25⁺CD134⁺CD39⁺ T cells are highly enriched for Treg cells, form a large component of recall responses and maintain a Treg‐cell‐like phenotype upon in vitro expansion. Identification and isolation of these cells enables the role of Treg cells in memory responses to be further defined and provides a development pathway for novel therapeutics.