水溶性壳聚糖包覆多西他赛纳米脂质体的制备及性能研究

目的:制备羧甲基壳聚糖包衣多西他赛纳米脂质体,并考察其体外释放度。方法:采用薄膜分散法制备多西他赛阳离子脂质体,并用不同浓度的羧甲基壳聚糖包覆阳离子脂质体;用超滤法测定其包封率;用激光电位粒径测定仪分别测定其Zeta电位和粒径大小,并用透射电镜观察其形态;用透析法考察其体外释药性质。结果:所制的羧甲基壳聚糖包覆的脂质体包封率达99.98%;Zeta电位为-12.8 mV,平均粒径为(150±17)nm。结论:本实验制备的羧甲基壳聚糖包衣多西他赛纳米脂质体具有高包封率,粒径大小均匀,体外能显著延缓药物释放的性质。     

兰索拉唑脂质体的制备及性质考察

目的研究兰索拉唑阳离子脂质体的制备方法并考察其体外释放行为及稳定性等。方法采用正交设计筛选处方;采用乙醇注入法制备兰索拉唑脂质体;采用超滤法测定其包封率;采用透射电镜观察脂质体的外观形态;采用粒径分析仪和Zeta电位仪分别测定脂质体的粒径和Zeta电位;采用透析法考察脂质体的释放规律。结果制得的脂质体包封率约为(80±1.23)%(n=3);脂质体的形态为粒径均匀的球形和类球形;粒径为(184±21)nm(n=3),Zeta电位为(36.1±5)mV(n=3);脂质体的体外释放符合一级方程,具有较好的稳定性。结论优选得到的脂质体处方和制备工艺合理,制剂性质稳定,其体外释放具有缓释特点。     

紫杉醇长循环热敏前体脂质体的制备与表征

目的:研究紫杉醇长循环热敏前体脂质体的制备并对其性质进行考察.方法:采用薄膜分散法制备紫杉醇长循环热敏脂质体,再用冷冻干燥技术制备紫杉醇长循环热敏前体脂质体;采用激光粒度仪考察粒径和Zeta电位;采用高效液相色谱法研究其含量与包封率;并考察脂质体的体外释药特性.结果:紫杉醇长循环热敏前体脂质体水合后形成紫杉醇长循环热敏脂质体,粒径均值为(108.6 ±3.6)nm,Zeta电位的均值为(-12.2±1.8)mV,包封率可达96.2％;该脂质体在相变温度42℃下药物释放达到95％以上.结论:紫杉醇长循环热敏前体脂质体的制备工艺稳定,载药量大,包封率高,具有良好的热敏性;含量及其包封率测定方法简单、快速、准确.本实验可为紫杉醇静脉注射用新制剂的开发提供研究基础.     

全反式维甲酸前体脂质体的制备及体外评价

目的:制备维甲酸前体脂质体,并对其体外性质进行考察。方法:采用乙醇注入结合冷冻干燥法制备前体脂质体;微柱离心-高效液相色谱法测定脂质体的包封率;并进一步对其粒径、Zeta电位、血浆释放率及乙醇残留量进行测定。结果:所制备的前体脂质体包封率为95.2%,Zeta电位为-(28.4±17.5)mV,粒径为(170±29)nm,乙醇残留量为3.98%。结论:乙醇注入结合冷冻干燥法制备的维甲酸前体脂质体包封率高,粒径均匀,稳定性好。     

兰索拉唑脂质体的制备及其药剂学性质考察

目的:研究兰索拉唑阳离子脂质体的制备方法并考察其药剂学性质。方法:采用正交设计筛选处方,乙醇注入法制备兰索拉唑脂质体;超滤法测定其包封率;用透射电镜观察脂质体的外观形态,并用粒径分析仪和Zeta电位仪分别测定脂质体的粒径和Zeta电位;进一步考察脂质体的释放规律。结果:所得脂质体包封率约为(80±1.23)%;形态为粒径均匀的球形和类球形,粒径为(184±21)nm,Zeta电位为(36.1±5)mV;脂质体的体外释放符合一级方程;具有较好的稳定性。结论:优选得到的脂质体处方和制备工艺合理、稳定,其体外释放具有缓释特点。     

棓丙酯脂质体的制备与表征

目的制备棓丙酯脂质体,并对其进行理化性质的表征和释放度的评价。方法采用薄膜分散法制备棓丙酯脂质体,超滤离心法测定脂质体的包封率,正交设计优化处方,并对其包封率、粒径、Zeta电位、形态及体外释放行为进行综合评价。结果正交设计优化最终处方为磷脂浓度5 mg.mL-1、药脂比1∶5、磷脂胆固醇比5∶1、水化介质离子强度20 mmol.mL-1,所得脂质体包封率为89.6%、粒径为181.3 nm、Zeta电位为-21.8 mV、4 h体外释放达到80%。结论制备的棓丙酯脂质体包封率高,粒径小而均一,体外释放完全。     

N-三甲基壳聚糖包覆的水飞蓟宾脂质体的稳定性及体外释药的研究

摘 要 目的： 制备N-三甲基壳聚糖包覆的水飞蓟宾脂质体（TMC-SLBL）,并考察其稳定性及体外释放度。方法: 采用薄膜分散法制备SLBL,并用不同季铵化程度的TMC进行包覆;考察其包封率、形态、粒径和Zeta 电位;以平均粒径和包封率为指标考察各种SLBL在4℃下的稳定性;采用透析法考察各种SLBL的体外释药特性,并按照零级方程、一级方程、Higuchi方程、Ritger peppas方程对其体外释药数据进行拟合。结果: TMC包覆对SLBL的包封率无显著性影响,均大于75%;SLBL在TMC包衣后粒径有所增大,Zeta电位由负变正,且随着TMC季铵化程度的增大而增大;各种SLBL在4℃下放置30 d均较稳定,平均粒径和包封率均无显著变化（P>0.05）;各种SLBL体外释放曲线均符合Higuchi方程和Ritger peppas方程,且TMC包衣后缓释效果更佳明显。结论: TMC-SLBL包封率较高,稳定性良好,呈正电性,在体外具有良好的缓释作用,值得进一步研究。     

羟基喜树碱脂质体的制备及质量评价研究

目的:制备羟基喜树碱(HCPT)脂质体,并对其质量进行评价.方法:采用薄膜分散-高压乳匀法制备羟基喜树碱脂质体;用激光粒度分析仪测定其Zeta电位、粒径大小;考察其在0.9%NaCl溶液、水、5%葡萄糖溶液中8 h的稳定性;用凝胶柱层析法考察包封率;采用薄膜透析法考察体外释药性质.结果:羟基喜树碱脂质体Zeta电位为(-33.1±1.3) mV,平均粒径(182.5±5.6) nm,8 h内在水、5%葡萄糖溶液中稳定性良好;包封率(91.2±1.2)%;体外释药曲线符合Higuchi方程Q=1.291 6t1/2 0.309 8,r=0.980 3.结论:本试验制备的羟基喜树碱脂质体稳定性好,大小均匀, 包封率高,并具有延缓药物释放的性质.     

多西紫杉醇脂质体的制备及稳定性考察

目的:制备多西紫杉醇脂质体并对其稳定性进行考察。方法:采用薄膜-超声分散法制备脂质体,利用高效液相色谱法测定其主药含量,并考察其粒径、Zeta电位、包封率等指标及在室温条件下密封放置2wk与4℃下冰箱中保存6mo的稳定性。结果:所得脂质体粒径小而均匀,粒径均值为(138.8±1.1)nm,Zeta电位为(2.25±0.2)mV,包封率均在70%以上;多西紫杉醇检测浓度线性范围为0.0325～2.600mg·mL-1(r=0.9993);平均回收率为100.91%(RSD=1.38%,n=3);稳定性考察各项指标均无明显改变。结论:所制制剂包封率较高,稳定性良好。     

甘草酸二铵脂质体的制备及其性质的研究

目的:研究甘草酸二铵阳离子脂质体的制备方法和脂质体的性质。方法:采用均匀设计筛选最佳处方,逆相蒸发法制备甘草酸二铵脂质体;葡聚糖凝胶柱法测定其包封率;用透射电镜观察脂质体的外观形态,马尔文测定仪测定脂质体的粒径和Zeta电位;并用溶出度第3法考察了脂质体的释放规律。结果:制得脂质体的包封率约为(56±1．54)%(n=3);脂质体的形态为粒径均匀的球形或近球形,粒径为(183±9)nm(n=3),Zeta电位为(22．8±6)mV(n=3);脂质体的体外释药符合Higuchi方程;具有较好的稳定性。结论:采用逆相蒸发法,添加十八胺可制得具有较高包封率及稳定性的甘草酸二铵阳离子脂质体,制得脂质体的体外释放具有缓释特点。     

多肽GRGDS修饰的紫杉醇长循环靶向脂质体的体外评价

目的:本研究以甘氨酸-精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸-丝氨酸(glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine,GRGDS)五肽修饰的脂质体作为抗癌药物.紫杉醇的载体,对其体外理化性质和细胞毒作用进行评览价.方法:采用化学偶联合成DSPE-PEG-GRGDS,以此作为导向性材料,采用薄膜分散法制备载紫杉醇的PEG修饰长循环脂质体(GRGDS-SSL-PTX),并对脂质体的包封率、粒径和体外释放率等性质进行了考察,同时采用人卵巢癌SKOV-3细胞和人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞进行了体外细胞生长抑制的评价.结果:与普通紫杉醇长循环脂质体(SSL-PTX)相比,本研究制备的紫杉醇主动靶向脂质体(GRGDS-SSL-PTX)的粒径、包封率、载药量、体外释放及稳定性等理化性质无显著差异,包封率约为95%,平均粒径为(115.5±2.2)和(117.5±1.3)nm.冰冻蚀刻透射电镜观察结果表明,脂质体外观基本圆整且均匀分散.体外释放结果表明,12 h内分别有67.9%和72.3%的PTX从SSL-PTX和GRGDS-SSL-PTX中释放.体外细胞毒实验结果表明,GRGDS-SSL-PTX对人卵巢癌SKOV-3细胞和人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的生长抑制作用均有增强,分别为SSL-PTX的1.42倍和2.12倍.结论:GRGDS五肽修饰的紫杉醇靶向脂质体成功制备,将有利于体内肿瘤的靶向治疗效果.     

Preparation and characterization of liposomes encapsulating chitosan nanoparticles

Liposomes are an important colloidal carrier system for controlled drug delivery. However some highly hydrophilic small molecules are difficult to entrap into liposomes and store stably, resulting in poor encapsulation efficiency and fast leakage. In the present work, fluorescein sodium (FS) was used as a model drug that was loaded into chitosan nanoparticles and then encapsulated into liposomes by reverse-phase evaporation (RPV). The encapsulation efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, release in vitro and pharmacokinetics in rats were determined in order to characterize the novel drug delivery system. The entrapment efficiency was above 80% in nanoparticles (Np) and 95% in liposomes encapsulating the nanoparticles (Lip-Np). The Lip-Np was composed of soybean phospholipids, cholesterol and chitosan, which the average diameter was 202.6 nm and zeta potential was -34.8 mV. The release rate of fluorescein sodium from Lip-Np was slower than from Np and liposomes. FS in Lip-Np administered to rats exhibited prolonged circulation and higher bioavailability than FS in Np. The results indicated that liposomal release kinetics can be controlled by encapsulating nanoparticles and thus solid-cored liposomes can be used as a potential drug delivery system.     

N-辛基-O,N-羧甲基壳聚糖聚合物胶束对紫杉醇的增溶、缓释及其安全性初步评价

本文合成了一系列两亲性壳聚糖衍生物N-辛基-O,N-羧甲基壳聚糖(OCC)，以透析法制备紫杉醇(PTX)-OCC载药聚合物胶束，并考察疏水烷基取代度对包封率、载药量、粒径和zeta电位的影响，通过透射电镜(TEM)观察其形态结构，并以市售制剂为对照；通过体外溶血实验、豚鼠急性过敏实验及小鼠尾静脉注射急性毒性实验初步评价其安全性。结果表明，OCC对PTX有良好的增溶效果，在疏水基取代度为37.9%～58.6%时，载药量为24.9%～34.4%，包封率为56.3%～89.3%，且随着疏水辛基取代度的增加，载药量和包封率皆显著提高。疏水烷基链进一步提高则可能破坏胶束亲水疏水平衡而导致载药能力降低；载药胶束粒径为186.4～201.1 nm，随疏水烷基取代度的增加而减小， zeta电位为-47.5～-50.9 mV，疏水烷基取代度对其无显著影响，TEM照片显示该聚合物胶束为规则球形结构，粒径分布均匀。OCC对紫杉醇具有优良的缓释效果，未见突释，15 d累计药物释放量在60%～95%，缓释能力随疏水基取代度的增加而增强。溶血实验、 豚鼠急性过敏实验和小鼠尾静脉注射急性毒性实验结果表明，PTX-OCC溶血性和急性过敏反应低于市售制剂， PTX-OCC小鼠尾静脉注射的LD₅₀及95%可信限为134.4(125.0～144.6) mg·kg^-1，为市售制剂LD₅₀的2.7倍。初步认为PTX-OCC是安全可靠的静脉注射用纳米制剂。     

Cytotoxic evaluation of injectable cyclodextrin nanoparticles

Nanoparticles were prepared using beta-CDC6, which is an amphiphilic beta-cyclodextrin derivative modified on the secondary face with 6C aliphatic esters. A nanoprecipitation technique was used to prepare the blank nanoparticles without any surfactant and nanoparticles containing Pluronic F68 as surfactant in a concentration range of 0.1 to 1%. Nanoparticle formulations were characterized by particle size distribution and zeta potential measurements. Entrapment efficiency and in-vitro release profiles were determined and the cytotoxicity of these injectable nanospheres was evaluated against mouse fibroblast L929 cell line and human polymorphonuclear cells by methlythiazolyltetrazolium assay. As far as particle size and zeta potential are concerned, there is a relationship between surfactant presence and nanoparticle characteristics. However, these effects are not significant. It was also found that surfactant presence has no effect on model drug nimodipine encapsulation but accelerates the in-vitro release of the drug. Cell culture studies on mouse fibroblasts and human polymorphonuclear cells revealed a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity more pronounced in fibroblast cells. This led to the conclusion that the use of surfactants in injectable nanoparticles prepared from amphiphilic beta-cyclodextrins may lead to altered in-vitro properties and impaired safety for the drug delivery system.     

2-甲氧基雌二醇脂质体的质量评价

目的:对2-甲氧基雌二醇(2-ME)脂质体进行质量评价. 方法:用乙醚注入法制备2-ME脂质体,与原料药相比,体外释药情况的考察. 并从粒径包封率两个方面进行稳定性考察. 结果:体外释药试验表明,与原料药相比,脂质体无突释现象且持续释药, 4℃存放两周稳定性较好. 结论:用乙醚注入法制备的2-ME脂质体质量稳定,可为2-ME的临床应用提供一种新剂型.     

Studies on paclitaxel-loaded glyceryl monostearate nanoparticles

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of Paclitaxel were prepared by modified Hot homogenization method using Glyceryl monostearate (GMS). The SLNs were characterized for its physicochemical characteristics such as mean particle size, percentage entrapment efficiency and zeta potential, which were found to be 226 nm, 92.43% and ?29.4 mV, respectively. The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies showed that prepared SLNs were of spherical shape. The drug retarding efficiency of the lipid (GMS) was better in pH 7.4 compared to pH 3.5. The release profile showed a tendency to follow Higuchi diffusion pattern at pH 7.4 and Peppas-Korsenmeyer model at pH 3.5. Chemosensitivity assay carried out using B16F10 cell lines showed that anti-proliferative activity of Paclitaxel was not hindered due to encapsulation.     

甘草酸表面修饰N-己酰化壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及其稳定性研究

目的:制备N-己酰化壳聚糖纳米粒(CCS-NPs)和甘草酸表面修饰N-己酰化壳聚糖纳米粒(CCS-NPs-GL),并考察其稳定性。方法:应用离子凝胶法制备CCS-NPs,高碘酸盐氧化法制备CCS-NPs-GL;考察各纳米粒在冷冻干燥前、后和不同pH缓冲盐中粒径、电位的变化以及不同温度对CCS-NPs-GL的粒径、药物包封率和甘草酸结合率的影响。结果:CCS-NPs和CCS-NPs-GL在冷冻干燥后粒径稍有增大,缓冲盐溶液中迅速分散,电位下降不明显;在生理pH条件下,两者易于分散且粒径无明显变化;不同温度下,CCS-NPs-GL的粒径、药物包封率和甘草酸结合率无明显变化。结论:CCS-NPs-GL作为潜在的肝靶向主动传输载体,其粒子的稳定性可满足后续静脉给药的体内靶向研究和药效学评价。     

Preparation and evaluation of N(3)-O-toluyl-fluorouracil-loaded liposomes

This study was aimed at developing a liposome delivery system for a new and potential antitumor lipophilic prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu)-N(3)-O-toluyl-fluorouracil (TFu), intended to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of 5-Fu by oral and intravenous administration. TFu-loaded liposomes were prepared by a modified film dispersion-homogenization technique, the formulation and manufacture parameters were optimized concerning the drug encapsulation efficiency. TFu-loaded liposomes were characterized according to particle size, size distribution, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, drug loading and physical stability, respectively. In vitro release characteristics, in vivo pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailabilities were also investigated. The formulated liposomes were found to be relatively uniform in size (400.5 +/- 9.6 nm) with a negative zeta potential (-6.4 +/- 0.8 mV). The drug entrapment efficiency and loading were (88.87 +/- 3.25%) and (8.89 +/- 0.19%), respectively. The physical stability experiments results indicated that lyophilized TFu-loaded liposomes were stable for at least 9 months at 4 degrees C. In vitro drug release profile of TFu-loaded liposomes followed the bi-exponential equation. The results of the pharmacokinetic studies in mice indicated that the bioavailability of TFu-loaded liposomes was higher than the suspension after oral administration, and was bioequivalent comparing with TFu 50% alcohol solution after intravenous (i.v.) administration. These results indicated that TFu-loaded liposomes were valued to develop as a practical preparation for oral or i.v. administration.     

奥沙利铂脂质体的制备及体外释药研究

目的：制备一种包封率较高的奥沙利铂脂质体,并考察该脂质体的体外性质。方法采用多种方法制备奥沙利铂脂质体,通过单因素试验和正交试验最终确定脂质体处方。采用高效液相色谱法检测脂质体包封率, ZetaPlus 激光粒度分析仪测定脂质体粒径。同时,采用高效液相色谱法、原子吸收光谱法两种方法考察了该脂质体的体外释放情况。结果与薄膜分散法和 pH 梯度法相比,通过逆相蒸发法制备得到的了奥沙利铂脂质体包封率更高;在此基础上进行的处方筛选试验确定了最优处方工艺为药脂比1∶7.5,胆磷比1∶2,超声功率195 W,超声时间3 min;体外释放试验结果表明,通过高效液相色谱法和原子吸收光谱法测定的奥沙利铂脂质体24 h 的累计释放率分别为25.0%和33.6%。结论通过逆相蒸发法制备得到的奥沙利铂脂质体包封率高,且具有较高的稳定性和一定的缓释作用。     

结肠癌细胞及线粒体双级靶向脂质体的处方工艺筛选研究

目的：研究结肠癌细胞及线粒体双级靶向脂质体（HA/TPP-TPGS LP/DOX）的最佳处方工艺。方法：用薄膜分散法结合微孔滤膜法制备;以细胞抑制率为指标,用MTT法筛选最佳聚脂比;以包封率为指标,用正交试验筛选最佳胆脂比、药脂比和超声时间;以粒径为指标,筛选最佳透聚比;以复溶后粒径和包封率为指标,筛选冻干保护剂的品种;用荧光显微镜和流式细胞术考察脂质体的靶向性;用透析法考察体外释药行为。结果：最佳处方是聚脂比1∶7、胆脂比1∶10、药脂比1∶15、超声时间15 min、透聚比2∶1,冻干保护剂为蔗糖。制备的脂质体呈类球形,粒径（142.20±0.54）nm,Zeta电位-（24.06±0.25）mV,包封率（98.20±0.18）%,稳定性高,有双级靶向性和体外药物缓释性。结论：本研究制备的脂质体有包封率高、粒径小、双级靶向性和缓释性等优点,为进一步研究奠定了基础。