在体家兔盐酸吸入致急性肺损伤模型研究

本实验研究不同ｐＨ值及不同量的盐酸气管内注入致家兔争性肺损伤模型，Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ３组家兔麻醉后气管内分别注ｐＨ＝１．５，２．５ｍｌ／ｋｇ；ｐＨ＝１，２．５ｍｌ／ｋｇ；ｐＨ＝１，２ｍｌ／ｋｇ体重的ＨＣｌ，吸纯氧定压机械通气，气道压维持２．０ｋＰａ，当ＰａＯ２持续低于１３．３ｋＰａ时认为模型形成。／     

大鼠纹状体灌流谷氨酸对局部羟自由基生成的影响

采用脑区微灌流系统和水杨酸为捕捉剂的ＨＰＬＣ羟自由基检测法，观察到大鼠纹状体灌流０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ谷氨酸１５～３０ｍｉｎ内，灌流液中羟自由基和水杨酸反应生成的衍生物２，５－ＤＨＢＡ的浓度为３１０．４±１７１．８ｎｇ／ｍｌ（ｘ±ｓ，ｎ＝５）较谷氨酸灌流前的８４．８±３７．０ｎｇ／ｍｌ（ｘ±ｓ，ｎ＝５）含量显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）．而给予氯胺酮０．６ｍｇ／ｍｌ加灌组，谷氨酸灌流１５～３０ｍｉｎ内的２，５－ＤＨＢＡ浓度为１６５．４±８８．１ｎｇ／ｍｌ（ｘ±ｓ，ｎ＝５）。结果提示纹状体细胞外谷氨酸含量增加能使局部羟自由基生成增加且能被氯胺酮部分抑制。     

1,6—二磷酸果糖抗失血性休克实验研究

本实验观察了ＦＤＰ抗失血性休克作用。３组失血性休克大鼠分别接受５％ＦＤＰ溶液（Ａ组）、５％葡萄糖溶液（Ｂ组）和生理盐水（Ｃ组）静注。给药６０ｍｉｎ后，Ａ组ＭＡＰ为１０．４±２．１ｋＰａ，与Ｂ、Ｃ组７．９±２．４和７．７±２．６ｋＰａ间均有差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ａ组动物存活率７５％，而Ｂ、Ｃ组分别为２５％和１５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ａ组动脉血ｐＨ和ＰａＯ２分别为７．２４±０．１４和１３．４６±１．２２ｋＰａ，与Ｂ、Ｃ组７．１４±０．１４和１０．２９±３．８４ｋＰａ与７．０２±０．１０和７．２５±２．１２ｋＰａ间有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ａ组回输血液再灌流后血浆ＳＯＤ和ＭＤＡ分别为１２００±１２６Ｕｍｌ－１和０．４７±０．２５ｎｍｏｌｍｌ－１，同Ｂ、Ｃ组１０８１±１１９Ｕｍｌ－１和０．９１±０．２９ｎｍｏｌ－１与８３５±９Ｕｍｌ－１和１．１３±０．１６ｎｍｏｌ－１间均有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果表明ＦＤＰ保护组织损伤而产生抗休克作用。     

内皮素引起肺水肿的机理研究

目的 探讨内皮素能否引起肺水肿，以及其发生的机理。方法采用不同剂量的内皮素-１（ＥＴ－１）加入含白蛋白的平衡盐灌流液中灌流大鼠离体肺的方法，观察了灌流前后肺重量，肺血管压力、阻力和肺血管通透性［溶解速度（Ｋｆ）和溶解指数（Ｐ３）］的变化。结果小剂量ＥＴ－１灌流后，肺增重０．１８３±０．０５ｇ，每克鼠肺每分钟Ｋｆ为０．３６±０．０５ｍｌ／ｋＰａ，明显高于正常对照组。其它参数无明显变化。大剂量ＥＴ－１灌流后，肺增重０．２３±０．０４ｇ，灌流前后肺动脉压差值０．４２±０．１７ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ），肺血管后阻力差值０．１０±０．０１ｋＰａ，肺血管总阻力差值为０．２２±０．０６ｋＰａ，均明显高于正常对照组，而Ｋｆ和Ｐｓ则正常。结论用ＥＴ－１灌流鼠肺能够引起肺水肿。ＥＴ－１导致肺水肿的机理随剂量大小而有所不同，小剂量使肺毛细血管壁对小分子的通透性增加；而大剂量则与毛细血管跨壁压增高有关。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定Ca~（2＋），Mg~（2＋）－ATPase活力的方法

应用反相ＨＰＬＣ方法测定了大鼠心肌Ｃａ２＋，Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力。高效液相色谱条件：Ｗａｔｅｒｓ－４８０高效液相色谱仪，ＷａｔｅｒｓＣ－１８高效反相色谱柱，流动相为０．０６６７ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＨ２ＰＯ４／Ｋ２ＨＰＯ４缓冲液（ｐＨ５．９２），流速１．５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，柱压３０００Ｐａ，检测波长２５４ｎｍ。方法简便，快速，灵敏度高，重复性好。     

腺苷减轻体外循环后肺损伤的实验研究

目的研究腺苷能否减轻体外循环（ＣＰＢ）后肺组织损伤。方法采用杂种犬建立体外循环模型，腺苷（５０μｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｍｉｎ－１）中心静脉注入进行干预。结果腺苷组体外循环后血氧分压（ＰａＯ２）明显高于对照组（ＣＰＢ后３０ｍｉｎ，对照组为８．８０±１．０３ｋＰａ，腺苷组则为４０．１５±１．４８ｋＰａ，Ｐ＜０．０１），肺循环阻力指数（ＰＶＲＩ）降低（ＣＰＢ后３０ｍｉｎ，对照组为８４８．９８±３１．０５ｄｙｎｅ·ｓ－１·ｃｍ－５·ｋｇ－１，腺苷组为３１３．８４±１３７．０７ｄｙｎｅ·ｓ－１·ｃｍ－５·ｋｇ－１，Ｐ＜０．０１），而腺苷对体循环血流动力学则无显著影响。病检示肺泡结构正常，无明显白细胞浸润。肺组织过氧化脂质———丙二醛含量明显低于对照组，肺组织含水量较少。结论腺苷能减轻体外循环对肺组织的损害，在一定剂量范围内并不对体循环血流动力学构成显著影响，其作用机制可能与其减少体外循环后氧自由基的产生有关。     

血小板激活因子在慢性肺动脉高压中的作用

对大鼠采用血小板激活因子（ＰＡＦ）以每日３次每次每公斤体重３μｇ作腹腔内注射处理４周，研究其在慢性肺动脉高压形成过程中的作用。结果发现：ＰＡＦ处理组大鼠与对照组相比，其肺动脉平均压升高１．１７ｋＰａ，肺血管阻力升高２４０９．３ｋＰａ·ｓ／Ｌ，心输出量降低９．１ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，右心室／（左心室＋室间隔）比值升高０．１；大鼠肺小动脉管壁增厚，反映管壁增厚的两个指标，管壁厚度占外径的百分比和管壁面积占血管总面积的百分比均显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），说明ＰＡＦ可引起肺动脉压升高和肺小动脉结构重建，提示ＰＡＦ在慢性肺动脉高压发病过程中发挥重要的作用     

不同pH值丁卡因咽喉部表面麻醉药代动力学实验研究

本文研究了不同ｐＨ值丁卡因溶液咽喉部给药后药代动力学。１２只家兔随机分为ｐＨ７．４组或４．７组，咽喉部粘膜表面分别喷雾ｐＨ７．４或４．７丁卡因溶液，５ｍｇ／ｋｇ．高效液相色谱法测定丁卡因血药浓度。ｐＨ７．４与４．７丁卡因溶液药代动力学参数分别为３．１８±３．０４和１．２９±０．７４ｍｉｎ；Ｃｍａｘ分别为３１８．２９±１７５．５９和８７８．８１±３４７．２９ｎｇ／ｍｌ；Ｔｐｅａｋ分别为２．５２±１．１２和１．７９±０．４０ｍｉｎ：Ｖｄ分别为１３．６０±７．４０和４．３０±２．００ｍｌ／ｋｇ；Ｃｌｓ分别为３０２．５６６±１６４．２５和１５３．８７±８４．２２ｎｇ．ｍｌ－１／ｍｉｎ，组间均有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５或＜０．０１）。小鼠肠肌组织中ｐＨ值７．４和４．７丁卡因含量分别为６．３７±３．２和１．３８±１．２０ｍｇ／ｇ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果表明ｐＨ值７．４丁卡因溶液分布到血液中速度慢，血药浓度低，组织浓度高，代谢快，不易发生中毒。     

一氧化氮复合猪肺泡表面活性物质治疗洗肺鼠的疗效

目的；研究不同浓度一氧化氮（ＮＯ）对肺猪泡表面活性物质（ＰＰＳ）替代治疗洗肺鼠疗效的影响。方法：６４只ＳＤ大鼠经反复肺灌洗至ＰａＯ２〉１３．４ｋＰａ和ＰａＣＯ２〈８．０ｋＰａ后，随机分成对照组、ＰＰＳ２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ组、ＰＰＳ５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ组、ＰＰＳ１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ组，各组按ＮＯ吸入与否再分成Ａ、Ｂ两亚组，观察用药后ＰａＯ２、ＰａＣＯ２、肺压力一容量环及肺实质密度变化。结果：组ＩＡ的ＰａＯ２、ＰａＣ     

脊髓缺血性二次瘫痪与脊髓血流量

目的：观察脊髓缺血后二次瘫痪与脊髓血流量（ＳＣＢＦ）的关系。方法：以清醒兔肾下主动脉（ＩＲＡ）阻断致腰骶段脊髓缺血为实验模型，采用氢气清除法观测脊髓灰质和白质血流量（ｇＳＣＢＦ和ｗＳＣＢＦ）及Ｔａｒｌｏｖ六级分类法观测脊髓功能变化。结果：ＩＲＡ阻断平均３４ｓ双下肢运动功能完全消失，５５ｓ双下肢感觉功能消失；缺血２０ｍｉｎ再灌流后１～３ｈ内８７％动物的双下肢功能恢复，但再灌流１７～２６ｈ出现二次瘫痪。ＩＲＡ阻断后股动脉血压由１１．３～１６．６ｋＰａ降至２．６２ｋＰａ以下，Ｌ６的ｇＳＣＢＦ由（５１．９４±１３）ｍｌ１００ｇ－１ｍｉｎ－１降至（５．８６±６．０）ｍｌ１００ｇ－１ｍｉｎ－１，Ｌ６的ｗＳＣＢＦ由（３５．８０±７．０）ｍｌ１００ｇ－１ｍｉｎ－１降至（６．７±８．０）ｍｌ１００ｇ－１ｍｉｎ－１；缺血２０ｍｉｎ再灌流即刻（１５ｍｉｎ）股动脉血压和Ｌ６ＳＣＢＦ恢复正常，但再灌流１、３和２４ｈＬ６的ｇＳＣＢＦ和ｗＳＣＢＦ与缺血前相比显著下降，再灌流４８ｈＬ６ｗＳＣＢＦ仍显著下降；但Ｔ１０的ｇＳＣＢＦ和ｗＳＣＢＦ在缺血期和再灌流不同时间均无显著性变化。结论：提示兔脊髓缺血性二次瘫痪可能与继发性ＳＣＢＦ下降有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.