Noninvasive Assessment of Lipid Disposition in Treated and Untreated Atherosclerotic Rabbits

In an effort to visualize whole body cholesteryl ester (CE) deposition using the nuclear medicine imaging technique of gamma camera scintigraphy, ¹²⁵I-cholesteryl iopanoate (¹²⁵I-CI), a nonhydrolyzable CE analogue, was used as a marker for CE deposition in atherosclerotic New Zealand white rabbits. Groups of animals were fed either a cholesterol-enriched diet (2%, w/w) or the same diet supplemented with the hypolipidemic drugs colestipol (1%, w/w) and/or clofibrate (0.3%, w/w). Injections of ¹²⁵I-CI were administered biweekly. At the end of 15 weeks, animals were scintigraphically scanned and sacrificed for tissue analysis. The results demonstrated that while drug treatment had no significant effect on plasma lipid levels, it substantially lessened atherosclerotic involvement in the thoracic-abdominal aorta. These differences in aortic lipid accumulation were reflected in the whole-body scans which showed a reduction in tissue accumulation of ¹²⁵I-CI in the drug-treated groups. Gamma camera scintigraphy thus represents a rapid means of visualizing tissue CE accumulation which could facilitate the evaluation of lipid-lowering drug efficacy and possible antiatherosclerotic effect.     

2007年重庆医科大学附属第一医院细菌耐药性监测

目的 了解我院2007年临床常见分离病原菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药情况.方法 药敏试验使用纸片扩散法,数据分析采用WHONET5.4软件.结果 在临床分离的1005株细菌中,革兰阳性菌占19.9%(200株),革兰阴性菌占80.1%(805株).金葡菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中耐甲氧西林株分别占35.9%和89.7%.粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌对高浓度庆大霉素耐药率分别为57.1%和83.9%,葡萄球菌或肠球菌均未发现万古霉素或替考拉宁中介株或耐药株;大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌产ESBLs株检出率分别为48.1%和31.7%,铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为41%和35.5%,不动杆菌属对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为6.5%和7.2%,发现1株泛耐药的铜绿假单胞菌和2株泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌,嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌对氟喹诺酮类、米诺环素和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦耐药率较低.结论 我院尚未出现耐万古霉素和替考拉宁的革兰阳性菌株,但首次出现泛耐药的鲍曼不动杆菌,因此加强细菌耐药监测对控制耐药菌在医院暴发流行极为重要.     

2006年重庆医科大学附属第一医院细菌耐药性分析

目的了解我院2006年临床分离菌对各类抗菌药物的耐药性。方法使用纸片扩散法（KB）和CLSI／NCCLS（2005版）判断标准进行抗菌药物监测。结果临床分离574株细菌中革兰阳性菌占27．5％（158株）。革兰阴性菌占72．5％（416株）；金葡菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中耐甲氧西林分别占63．2％和91．8％，未发现万古霉素耐药株。粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌对高浓度庆大霉素耐药率分别为60％和90％。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBLs株检出率分别为44．6％和35．7％．各种肠杆菌科细菌对亚胺培南敏感。耐药率1．4％～5．9％。铜绿假单胞菌对碳青霉烯类亚胺培南耐药率〉21％。结论本院为中国细菌耐药性监测协作组的西部地区代表。本组资料对本院、西部地区乃至全国细菌性感染的治疗和抗菌药物的合理选用都具有重要的参考价值。     

皮质醇增多症治疗控制对促甲状腺素和甲状腺激素水平的影响

观察10例皮质醇增多症未治患者和8例治疗控制患者血中促甲状腺素（TSH）和甲状腺激素浓度的改变。结果显示未治组平均TSH、TT3、FT3血浓度明显低于正常低限，TT4稍低于正常，FT4略高于正常低限。治疗控制组平均TSH、TT3、FT3浓度明显上升，与未治组比较差别有显著性意义；TT4、FT4稍上升，与未治组比较差别无挺着性意义。在治疗技制组除TT3略低于正常外，TSH、FT3、TT4平均值均恢复正常。提示皮质醇增多症治疗控制后，合并存在的下丘脑－垂体－甲状腺轮功能紊乱可随之恢复。     

2007年南京医科大学第一附属医院细菌耐药性监测

目的 了解2007年南京医科大学第一附属医院临床分离常见病原菌对常用抗菌药物耐药现状.方法 采用纸片扩散法进行抗菌药物敏感性试验,按CLSI 2007年标准判定药敏结果,以WHONET5.4软件分析数据.结果 2007年我院共分离细菌4408株菌,其中革兰阳性菌1154株(26.3%),革兰阴性菌2829株(64.2%);前10位病原菌依次为大肠埃希菌(19.4%),铜绿假单胞菌(17.9%),凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(11.5%),肺炎克伯雷菌(10.4%),白念珠菌及其它酵母(9.1%),金葡菌(6.7%),鲍曼不动杆菌(5.9%),肠球菌(4.2%),肠杆菌属菌(4.1%)和链球菌(3.4%).MRSA和MRCNS的检出率分别为30.8%和33.0%.未检出万古霉素和替考拉宁耐药的葡萄球菌,但检测到2株对万古霉素、替考拉宁均耐药的粪肠球菌和2株对万古霉素、替考拉宁均耐药的屎肠球菌;大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌中产ESBLs检出率分别为32.8%、22.6%;分离到21株(2.7%)泛耐药的铜绿假单胞菌(只对多黏菌素敏感)和17株(6.5%)泛耐药的鲍曼不动杆菌.结论 我院细菌耐药状况较为严重,进行细菌耐药性监测有助于了解我院细菌耐药性变迁,为临床经验用药提供理论依据.     

Life Experiences in Active Addiction and in Recovery Among Treated and Untreated Persons: A National Study

Addiction treatment can be effective but fewer than 50% of addiction affected persons are ever treated. Little is known about the addiction and recovery experience of this large subgroup. A national sample of persons in recovery (N = 3,176, 29.5% untreated) was used to begin addressing these questions to inform strategies to encourage help-seeking and to contribute to the small knowledge base on untreated individuals. Study domains were finances, family, social and civic functioning, health, criminal justice involvement, and employment. Treated persons reported significantly greater levels of negative—and fewer positive—experiences in all areas during active addiction than did the untreated group. This gap was significantly narrowed in recovery.     

2008年某院细菌耐药性监测分析

目的了解成都市第七人民医院2008年感染患者中分离细菌的耐药情况。方法采用微量肉汤稀释法和美国临床和实验室标准协会(CLSI)2007年的判断标准对1122株临床分离株作药敏试验。结果耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)的检出率分别为48.6%和83.5%。绝大多数葡萄球菌对奎奴普丁/达福普丁敏感,未发现对万古霉素和利奈唑胺耐药的菌株。未发现对万古霉素耐药的肠球菌。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和产酸克雷伯菌ESBLs的检出率分别为40.9%、37.6%和31.6%。铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率为5.0%,而鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南敏感。结论细菌耐药性问题是抗感染治疗的主要威胁,合理使用抗菌药物以降低耐药性同时采取有效措施控制耐药性的传播非常重要。     

2015—2017年某综合医院鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性监测

目的对某综合医院2015—2017年鲍曼不动杆菌分布及耐药性变化趋势进行分析,为临床合理用药提供参考依据。方法收集某医院2015—2017年临床标本中所分离的鲍曼不动杆菌,对不同时间段、不同病区来源鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药情况进行统计分析。结果共分离出鲍曼不动杆菌232株,分离率从2015年10.4%上升到2017年13.0%。标本来源以痰液最多,占76.3%;儿科、ICU、神经外科及呼吸内科是感染的高发病区。不同时间段分离鲍曼不动杆菌对抗菌药物耐药性具有一定波动,2016年的耐药性最低,2017年的耐药率最高。2017年鲍曼不动杆菌对头孢曲松、头孢他啶、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢吡肟、亚胺培南的耐药率较2015年有增高趋势;左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、妥布霉素和庆大霉素的耐药率保持稳定;复方磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率呈现下降趋势。来源于ICU病区鲍曼不动杆菌对抗菌药物的耐药性最为严重,神经外科及呼吸科病区耐药性次之,儿科病区耐药性最低。结论三年间该医院鲍曼不动杆菌分离率逐年增加,鲍曼不动杆菌对部分抗菌药物耐药性呈上升趋势,不同病区分离鲍曼不动杆菌对抗菌药物的耐药性具有差异,临床应及时进行细菌培养,根据病原菌...     

Treated and Untreated Recovery from Alcohol Misuse: Environmental Influences and Perceived Reasons for Change

This Swedish study compared assisted and unassisted subjects with different long-term drinking outcomes with regard to drinking patterns, significant life events, and attributions as to what initiated and maintained recovery. It was found that both recovery, independent of help-seeking status, and help-seeking, independent of long-term outcome, were preceded by prolonged harmful drinking consequences and increasing negative stress. Initial attempts to solve the drinking problem were followed by a significant reduction in life stress, but stable recovery was uniquely associated with stability and/or major improvements in the life context. Unassisted recovery was more often gradual in character and/ or motivated by positive incentives than assisted recovery. Possible clinical and social-political implications are discussed.     

肿瘤专科医院66例患者万古霉素使用的专项点评

摘 要 目的：评价肿瘤专科医院万古霉素临床应用情况,促进万古霉素的合理使用。 方法: 收集我院2015年66例使用万古霉素患者病历,对其用药指征、病原学检查、用法用量、用药疗程、联合用药、用药监测、药物利用指数（DUI）等方面进行点评分析。结果: 66例患者中,69.70%的患者万古霉素使用合理,DUI为0.82。不合理用药主要表现为无适应证用药、用法用量不合理、疗程过长或不足、联合用药不合理、预防给药时机不合理。结论:我院万古霉素临床使用基本合理,但仍存在不合理现象,需进一步加强对该药的使用管理及用药监护,促进临床合理用药,保障患者用药安全。     

Clinical pharmacists’ interventions in a German University Hospital

Objective To evaluate pharmaceutical interventions by ward-based clinical pharmacists in Germany. Setting Two ward-based clinical pharmacists working at the Departments of Stem Cell Transplantation and Intensive Care Medicine. Methods Pharmaceutical interventions during ward rounds from December 1st 2006 to November 30th 2008 were recorded and classified according to our own system that was adopted from established classification systems. Main outcome measure Classification of (1) cause of intervention, (2) intervention, (3) outcome of intervention and (4) initiator of intervention. Results Altogether 2,312 interventions were documented. Besides 520 cases of information about drugs (rational selection, occurrence of infrequent adverse events or interactions), the main interventions were recommendations for the addition, the withdrawal or the replacement of a drug (n = 907, 50.6%) and advices for the change of dosage, dosing intervals or dose adjustment according to impaired renal or liver function (n = 584, 32.6%). The vast majority of the suggested interventions (92.8%) have been accepted. Conclusion The participation of a clinical pharmacist during ward rounds contributes to the optimisation of pharmacotherapy, in terms of choosing the most appropriate drug and/or the suitable dosage and may improve patient care.     

某高校医院药品不良反应报告分析

目的:了解高校医院药品不良反应发生的特点及一般规律,促进临床合理用药。方法:汇总统计2008-2009年上报的83例药品不良反应(ADR),分别从患者性别、年龄、给药途径、药品种类、累及器官或系统及临床表现等进行统计分析。结果:83例ADR报告中男女发生率相当;主要给药途径为口服(51.8%)和静脉滴注(43.4%);涉及的药品品种共有47种,其中抗感染药物15种(31.9%),37例(44.6%),位居首位;ADR临床表现主要为皮肤及其附件损害(36.1%)和消化系统损害(20.5%)。结论:应进一步加强对医务人员的宣传教育,积极开展有针对性的培训,强化医务人员上报ADR的意识,并掌握正确填报ADR报表的方法,确保患者用药安全。     

某高校医院创新社区药学服务的探索

目的:探讨如何利用高校的资源优势创新高校社区药学服务。方法:介绍某高校医院开展药学服务的实践与体会,论述如何利用高校优势系统化、规范化地在社区开展药学服务。结果与结论:我校社区服务中心通过采取"1+9"的家庭医生团队管理模式,建立电子动态健康档案和慢性病管理用药档案,对患者进行用药跟踪和随访,针对高校社区不同人群的特点,利用学校各种宣传媒体进行合理用药宣传和健康教育,以互动的形式开展形式多样的社区卫生服务活动。同时,通过建立药学服务评价系统来改进药学服务,创新了社区药学服务,提高了社区居民知晓率和满意度,提高了居民的生活质量。     

河北邢台市人民医院2017年细菌耐药性监测#br#

目的 了解2017年河北邢台市人民医院临床所有分离细菌的分布情况及耐药性监测。方法 采用自动化仪器法或纸片扩散法(Kirby-Bauer法)对河北邢台市人民医院在2017年临床分离菌株进行药物敏感实验,参照2016版CLSI标准判定结果,并采用WHONET 5.6软件统计分析。结果 2017年共收集细菌4413株,其中革兰阴性菌3368株,占76.3%。革兰阳性菌1045株,占23.7%。革兰阴性菌数量居前5位的是大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和流感嗜血菌;革兰阳性菌数量居前5位是金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌和溶血葡萄球菌。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率分别是74.9%(716/956)和44.7%(246/550),产ESBL株对测试药物的耐药率均比非产ESBL株高。肠杆菌科细菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素仍高度敏感,耐碳青霉烯类大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率分别是0.8%(8/956)和4.9%(27/550)。耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌的检出率是27.7%(146/528)。鲍曼不动杆菌耐碳青霉烯类的检出率是63.2%(275/435)。金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的甲氧西林耐药株的检出率分别是43.5%和85.0%,甲氧西林耐药株(MRSA和MRCNS)对多数测试药物的耐药率均显著高于甲氧西林敏感株(MSSA和MSCNS),MRSA中有90.7%的菌株对复方磺胺甲噁唑敏感,MRCNS中有93.2%的菌株对阿米卡星敏感,未发现万古霉素和利奈唑胺耐药的菌株。青霉素耐药肺炎链球菌(PRSP)检出率为12.9%。结论 定期进行细菌耐药性监测有助于了解医院细菌耐药性变迁,为临床合理规范使用抗菌药物提供依据,指导院感管理防控措施的制定和避免耐药菌株的传播流行。     

2016年福建省晋江市医院细菌耐药性监测

目的 了解福建省晋江市医院2016年临床分离菌对常用抗菌药物的敏感性和耐药性。方法 收集本院2016年1-12月的临床分离菌株,采用自动化仪器法或纸片扩散法(K-B法)进行细菌药物敏感性试验,按美国临床实验室标准化研究协会(CLSI)2016年版标准判断结果,WHONET 5.6软件统计分析。结果 共分离临床菌1,744株,其中革兰阳性菌590株,占33.8%,革兰阴性菌1,154株,占66.2%。金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中甲氧西林耐药株(MRSA和MRCNS)检出率分别为29.6%和72.9%,MRSA和MRCNS对常用抗菌药物的耐药率均显著高于甲氧西林敏感株(MSSA和MSCNS),未发现替考拉宁、万古霉素和利奈唑胺耐药株。肠球菌属中粪肠球菌对多数测试抗菌药物(利奈唑胺除外)的耐药率均显著低于屎肠球菌,发现利奈唑胺耐药粪肠球菌2株,未发现替考拉宁和万古霉素耐药的粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌。肺炎链球菌非脑膜炎分离株对青霉素均高度敏感。大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌属(肺炎克雷伯菌和产酸克雷伯菌)、奇异变形菌中ESBLs检出率分别为50.4%、22.5%和16.7%,肠杆菌科细菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素高度敏感,但有2.8%的肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青霉烯类耐药。铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为29.7%和21.2%。不动杆菌属(鲍曼不动杆菌占94.2%)对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为60.5%和62.9%。流感嗜血菌和卡他莫拉菌β-内酰胺酶产酶率分别为46.9%和99.3%。结论 县级医院临床分离菌的构成和耐药性均有别于大型综合性医院。     

Implementation of clinical pharmacist recommendations and services at a University Hospital in Yemen

International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy - Background Studies have revealed that the inclusion of a clinical pharmacist as a member in multidisciplinary medical team has been associated with...