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1.
Parallel processes in supervision occur when (1) the therapist brings the interaction pattern that occurs between the therapist and client into supervision and enacts the same pattern but with the therapist trainee in the client's role, or (2) the trainee takes the interaction pattern in supervision back into the therapy session as the therapist, now enacting the supervisor's role. We examined these processes in the interactions of 17 therapy/supervision triads (i.e., supervisor, therapist/trainee, and client). Each session was rated for dominance and affiliation, and the similarity of these dimensions across equal status pairs (supervisor-therapist and trainee-client) was examined. It was hypothesized that if parallel process existed, there would be more similarity in dominance and affiliation between equal status pairs in contiguous sessions than would be true relative to general responses; the dominance and affiliation would be more closely matched than would be expected given general response tendencies. This was examined separately for each supervision triad using single-case randomization tests. Significant results were obtained for each dyad indicating the presence of parallel processes in each supervision triad. Additionally, the relation between parallel processes over the course of treatment and client outcome was examined using hierarchical Bayesian modeling. Results indicate that a positive client outcome was associated with increasing similarity of therapist behavior to the supervisor over time on both affiliation and dominance (increasing parallel process) and an inverted U pattern of high-low-high similarity of client behavior to trainee behavior over time. This study provides support for the existence of bidirectional parallel processes at the level of interpersonal interaction. Implications for therapist training and supervision are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
2.
Schwarz J. Odin P. Buhmann C. Csoti I. Jost W. Wllner U. Storch A. 《Journal of neurology》2011,258(2):336-338
Among the recently well appreciated non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), depression plays a prominent role due to its frequency and impact on quality of life. However, depression may be confounded by motor symptoms, especially akinesia and other non-motor symptoms such as apathy, anxiety and dementia. Data on specific diagnostic tools or treatment for depressive symptoms in PD patients are still sparse. Here we summarize an expert opinion based on available data and clinical experience.
相似文献3.
Wilson's disease(WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism. Its incidence is higher in China than in western countries. ATP7 B is the causative gene and encodes a P-type ATPase, which participates in the synthesis of holoceruloplasmin and copper excretion. Disease-causing variants of ATP7 B disrupt the normal structure or function of the enzyme and cause copper deposition in multiple organs,leading to diverse clinical manifestations. Given the variety of presentations, misdiagnosis is not rare. Genetic diagnosis plays an important role and has gradually become a routine test in China. The first Chinese spectrum of disease-causing mutations of ATP7 B has been established. As a remediable hereditary disorder, most WD patients have a good prognosis with an early diagnosis and chelation treatment. However, clinical trials are relatively few in China, and most treatments are based on the experience of experts and evidences from other countries. It is necessary to study and develop appropriate regimens specific for Chinese WD patients. 相似文献
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In this review, the potential role of positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography as biological
markers for diagnosing and following the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is discussed. Their value for assessing the
efficacy of putative neuroprotective agents in PD and for revealing the pharmacological changes underlying the symptomatology
and complications of this disorder is also considered. It is concluded that in the future functional imaging will provide
a valuable adjunct to clinical assessment when judging the efficacy of putative neuroprotective approaches to PD. 相似文献
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A. Jon Stoessl 《Neurotherapeutics》2011,8(1):72-81
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common disorder in which the primary features can be related to dopamine deficiency. Changes
on structural imaging are limited, but a wealth of abnormalities can be detected using positron emission tomography, single
photon emission computed tomography, or functional magnetic resonance imaging to detect changes in neurochemical pathology
or functional connectivity. The changes detected on these studies may reflect the disease process itself and/or compensatory
responses to the disease, or they may arise in association with disease- and/or treatment-related complications. This review
will focus mainly on neurochemical and metabolic studies and reviews various approaches to the assessment of dopaminergic
function as well as the function of other neurotransmitters that may be affected in PD. A number of clinical applications
are highlighted, including diagnostic utility, identification of preclinical disease, changes associated with motor and nonmotor
complications of PD, and the effects of various therapeutic interventions. 相似文献
8.
Journal of Neurology - 相似文献
9.
After more than one century from Alois Alzheimer and Gaetano Perusini’s first report, progress has been made in understanding
the pathogenic steps of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as well as in its early diagnosis. This review discusses recent findings
leading to the formulation of novel criteria for diagnosis of the disease even in a preclinical phase, by using biological
markers. In addition, treatment options will be discussed, with emphasis on new disease-modifying compounds and future trial
design suitable to test these drugs in an early phase of the disease. 相似文献
10.
Matsui H Nishinaka K Oda M Niikawa H Komatsu K Kubori T Udaka F 《Journal of neurology》2007,254(9):1170-1173
Abstract
Objectives
The pathophysiology of depression and anxiety in Parkinson's disease remains obscure. We aimed to compare the fractional anisotropy
(FA) values of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with and without depression to investigate the nature of depression in PD.
Methods
Twenty-eight patients were divided into two groups: those with depression and those without. Diagnosis of depression was made
using the DSM-IV criteria. Patients in the two groups were matched for Hoehn Yahr stage.
Results
There were significant reductions in FA values in the bilateral frontal ROIs possibly representing anterior cingulate bundles.
Conclusions
The anterior cingulate bundles play an important role in depression in PD, and some aspects of depression in PD have pathological
processes in common with de novo depression. 相似文献
11.
INTRODUCTIONWe examined the prevalence of cancer in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and controls evaluated at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, between 2003 and 2014.METHODSWe retrospectively collected information regarding cancer diagnoses and diagnosis of PD from 971 unrelated PD patients and 478 controls, and all were white. For PD patients, we examined cancers diagnosed before and after PD diagnosis separately in addition to considering all cancer diagnoses.RESULTSTwenty different cancers were identified. In PD patients, the most common types of cancer were skin cancer (17.3% overall; 10.6% before PD), followed by nonmelanoma skin cancer (16.0% overall; 9.7% before PD), prostate cancer in men (12.8% overall; 9.2% before PD), breast cancer in women (10.6% overall; 6.3% before PD), and melanoma (2.4% overall; 1.1% before PD). Compared to controls, a significantly lower frequency of nonmelanoma skin cancer (odds ratio [OR]: 0.62, P = 0.0024) and any skin cancer (OR: 0.57, P = 0.0002) was observed in PD patients. These differences were greater when considering only cases with cancers that occurred before PD diagnosis (OR: 0.49, P < 0.0001; OR: 0.45, P < 0.0001, respectively), and there was a lower frequency of melanoma and any cancer preceding PD diagnosis compared to controls (OR: 0.31, P = 0.003; OR: 0.36, P < 0.0001). There was no evidence of a frequency difference for any other cancer.CONCLUSIONSPD patients had a lower frequency of skin cancers or any cancer prior to PD diagnosis compared to controls, suggesting that cancer may have a protective effect on PD risk. 相似文献
12.
Alexei Verkhratsky Markel Olabarria Harun N. Noristani Chia-Yu Yeh Jose Julio Rodriguez 《Neurotherapeutics》2010,7(4):399-412
The circuitry of the human brain is formed by neuronal networks embedded into astroglial syncytia. The astrocytes perform
numerous functions, providing for the overall brain homeostasis, assisting in neurogenesis, determining the micro-architecture
of the grey matter, and defending the brain through evolutionary conserved astrogliosis programs. 相似文献
13.
Depression is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and its identification and treatment are critically important in disease
management. Despite depression’s high prevalence and major impact on patient quality of life, questions remain regarding its
epidemiology and preferred treatment. The authors of this paper summarize available information on the epidemiology of depression
in PD, review treatment options, and discuss possible interactions between antidepressants and other agents. This information
may help guide clinical treatment and define the need for further studies. 相似文献
14.
T-cells in alzheimer’s disease 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common dementing illness and is pathologically characterized by deposition of the 40–42
amino acid peptide, amyloid-β (Aβ), as senile plaques. It is well documented that brain inflammatory mechanisms mediated by
reactive glia are activated in response to Aβ plaques. A number of reports further suggest that T-cells are activated in AD
patients, and that these cells exist both in the periphery and as infiltrates in the brain. We explore the potential role
of T-cells in the AD process, a controversial area, by reviewing reports that show disturbed activation profiles and/or altered
numbers of various subsets of T-cells in the circulation as well as in the AD brain parenchyma and in cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
We also discuss the recent Aβ immunotherapy approach vis-à-vis the activated, autoaggressive T-cell infiltrates that contributed
to aseptic meningoencephalitis in a small percentage of patients, and present possible alternative approaches that may be
both efficacious and safe. Finally, we explore the use of mouse models of AD as a system within which to definitively test
the possible contribution of T-cells to AD pathogenesis. 相似文献
15.
A. Zenzola G. Masi M. De Mari G. Defazio P. Livrea P. Lamberti 《Neurological sciences》2003,24(3):225-226
Abstract.
Fatigue is a recognized problem in Parkinsons disease and
other clinical conditions. We characterized this symptom in 19
patients and 19 age- and sex-matched controls, using the
Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) and the Geriatric
Depression Scale. Fatigue may be an independent symptom in
Parkinsons disease, frequently associated with depression. Our
analysis showed the usefulness of the MFI in discriminating
between different dimensions of fatigue for a better therapeutic
approach. 相似文献
16.
Magan Trottier Wendy Roberts Irene Drmic Stephen W. Scherer Rosanna Weksberg Cheryl Cytrynbaum David Chitayat Cheryl Shuman Fiona A. Miller 《Journal of autism and developmental disorders》2013,43(3):556-568
Genetic research in autism depends on the willingness of individuals with autism to participate; thus, there is a duty to assess participants’ needs in the research process. We report on families’ motives and expectations related to their participation in autism genetic research. Respondents valued having a genetic result, as it alleviates guilt, promotes awareness, and may be used to tailor interventions and for family planning. The act of participating was distinctly significant, as it provided personal control, a connection to autism experts, networking with families, and hope for the future. The results of this study highlight complex factors involved in families’ decisions to participate in autism genetic research and provide points to consider for this population of research participants. 相似文献
17.
Caroline K. Jurgens Reineke Bos Jasper Luyendijk Marie-Noëlle W. Witjes-Ané Jeroen van der Grond Huub A. M. Middelkoop Raymund A. C. Roos 《Journal of neurology》2010,257(3):426-432
To investigate whether magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) is a useful detector of diffuse brain abnormalities in ‘premanifest’
carriers of the Huntington’s disease (HD) gene mutation. Furthermore we examined the relations between MTI, clinical measures
and CAG repeat length. Sixteen premanifest carriers of the HD gene without motor manifestation and 14 non-carriers underwent
a clinical evaluation and a MRI scan. MTI analysis of whole brain, grey matter and white matter was performed producing magnetization
transfer ratio (MTR) histograms. A lower peak height of the grey matter MTR histogram in carriers was significantly associated
with more UHDRS motor abnormalities. Furthermore, a lower peak height of the whole brain, grey and white matter was strongly
associated with a longer CAG repeat length. MTI measures themselves did not differ significantly between carriers and non-carriers.
In premanifest HD mutation carriers, a lower MTR peak height, reflecting worse histological brain composition, was related
to subtle motor abnormalities and higher CAG repeat length. Although we could not detect altered MTI characteristics in carriers
of the HD gene mutation without clinical manifestations, we did provide evidence that the MTR peak height might reflect genetic
and subclinical disease burden and may be of value in monitoring further disease progression and provide insight in clinical
heterogeneity. 相似文献
18.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the two most common neurodegenerative disorders and exact a burden on our society greater than cardiovascular disease and cancer combined. While cognitive and motor symptoms are used to define AD and PD, respectively, patients with both disorders exhibit sleep disturbances including insomnia, hypersomnia and excessive daytime napping. The molecular basis of perturbed sleep in AD and PD may involve damage to hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei that control sleep-wake cycles. Perturbations in neurotransmitter and hormone signaling (e.g., serotonin, norepinephrine and melatonin) and the neurotrophic factor BDNF likely contribute to the disease process. Abnormal accumulations of neurotoxic forms of amyloid β-peptide, tau and α-synuclein occur in brain regions involved in the regulation of sleep in AD and PD patients, and are sufficient to cause sleep disturbances in animal models of these neurodegenerative disorders. Disturbed regulation of sleep often occurs early in the course of AD and PD, and may contribute to the cognitive and motor symptoms. Treatments that target signaling pathways that control sleep have been shown to retard the disease process in animal models of AD and PD, suggesting a potential for such interventions in humans at risk for or in the early stages of these disorders. 相似文献
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Michele Salemi Concetta Barone Carmelo Romano Roberto Salluzzo Filippo Caraci Rita Anna Cantarella Maria Grazia Salluzzo Filippo Drago Corrado Romano Paolo Bosco 《Neurological sciences》2013,34(11):2023-2025
Down’s syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability and is a chromosomal abnormality of chromosome 21 trisomy. The pericentrin gene (PCNT) has sequenced in 21q22.3 inside of the minimal critical region for Down’s syndrome. Alterations of PCNT gene are associated with dwarfism, cardiomyopathy and other pathologies. In this study, we have evaluated the possible differential expression of PCNT mRNA, by qRT-PCR, in peripheral blood leukocytes of DS subjects compared with the normal population. In the present case–control study, PCNT gene expression was increased by 72.72 % in 16 out 22 DS samples compared with normal subjects. Our data suggest that changes in the expression levels of PCNT in DS subjects may be involved into the molecular mechanism of Down’s syndrome. 相似文献