Role of paracetamol in a balanced postoperative analgesia scheme after thoracotomy

The efficiency of paracetamol used in the balanced multimodal analgesia after thoracotomy still remains unclear. The prospective study covered 75 adult patients operated on the chest. The patients were randomized to 3 groups. They all received epidural autoanalgesia with a mixture of fentanyl (2 microg/ml) in 0.2% ropivacaine solution and intramuscular injections of ketorolac, 30 mg, every 8 hours. In Group 1 (n = 25), paracetamol was intravenously injected in a dose of 4 g daily. In Group 2 (n = 23), rectal paracetamol was used in an equipotential dose. In Group 3 (n = 24), paracetamol was not given. Within the first 24 postoperative hours, the severity of the pain syndrome and the incidence of adverse reactions of analgesia were estimated in all the patients. The obtained data were compared using Student's t-test and x2 test, by taking into account Bonferroni's correction. The p values of < 0.0017 were determined as statistically significant. The resting VAS did not differ between the groups. In cough, the severity of the pain syndrome was significantly less in Group 1 than in Groups 2 and 3. The use of the epidural mixture of ropivacaine and fentanyl required for adequate analgesia within the first 24 hours after surgery was much less in Groups 1 and 2 than that in Group 3. The high incidence of skin itch (20%) and urinary retention (8%) was observed in Group 3 (p < 0.017). No difference was found between the groups in the development of dyspepsia. The use of paracetamol in the postoperative multimodal analgesic therapy program after thoracotomy reduces the daily dose of epidurally administered ropivacaine and fentanyl with evident upgrade of analgesia quality, and the incidence of opioid-induced adverse reactions.     

Epidural Labor Analgesia: Continuous Infusion Versus Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia With Background Infusion Versus Without a Background Infusion

The purpose of this study was to compare the total epidural dose of 3 commonly used labor epidural modalities. After local institutional review board approval, 195 laboring parturients received an epidural catheter for labor analgesia. All patients received an initial bolus of 0.1% ropivacaine (10 mL) and fentanyl (100 microg). Maintenance of labor analgesia consisted of ropivacaine 0.1% with fentanyl 2 microg/mL. Patients were then randomly assigned into 3 groups: Group 1 (continuous epidural infusion [CEI]), continuous infusion at 10 mL/h; group 2 (CEI + patient-controlled epidural analgesia [PCEA]), CEI at 5 mL/h with a demand dose of 5 mL allowed every 20 minutes with a 20 mL/h maximum dose; group 3 (PCEA), demand doses only of 5 mL every 15 minutes with a 20 mL/h maximum dose. Measured variables included total epidural dose, total bolus requests and boluses delivered, number of staff interventions, pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS; 0-100), modified Bromage scores, stage I and II labor duration, delivery outcome, and maternal satisfaction after delivery. No differences were noted with respect to pain VAS, modified Bromage scores, stage I and II labor duration, number of staff interventions, delivery outcome, and maternal satisfaction score. Total infusion dose was lower in demand dose only PCEA compared with CEI and CEI + PCEA groups (P = < .01). Demand dose-only PCEA results in less total epidural dose compared with CEI and CEI + PCEA without affecting labor duration, motor block, pain VAS, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and maternal satisfaction. PERSPECTIVE: This article compares 3 commonly used labor epidural delivery modalities (traditional continuous epidural infusion, patient-controlled epidural analgesia with a background infusion, and demand dose-only patient-controlled epidural analgesia). Benefits in epidural dose reduction with demand dose only PCEA does not translate into improved maternal and neonatal outcome.     

Fentanyl: clinical use as postoperative analgesic--epidural/intrathecal route.

The administration of epidural and intrathecal opioids for the management of postoperative pain is well established. Fentanyl, because of its greater lipophilicity, offers a number of advantages over morphine for epidural analgesia, including a lower incidence of side effects and reduced risk of delayed-onset respiratory depression. The relatively short duration of action of epidural fentanyl makes this agent more ideally suited for continuous infusion or patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA). The effective doses and adverse effects profile of epidural fentanyl are reasonably well understood. Because of the lack of spread through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and hence the segmental nature of the analgesia achieved, location of epidural catheter placement is of paramount importance when this agent is used. Prolonged epidural infusion of fentanyl may result in high systemic concentrations not dissimilar to IV infusion, and, therefore, the greatest efficacy of epidural fentanyl administration may be in combination with low concentrations of bupivacaine, an approach that achieves a synergistic effect. 2-Chloroprocaine has been shown to antagonize epidural fentanyl analgesia. Intrathecal fentanyl for postoperative analgesia is limited by its short duration of action with single-bolus administration. The widespread international increase in the use of epidural fentanyl for postoperative analgesia promises further improvements and refinement in techniques.     

Epidural methadone for acute post-thoracotomy pain: An alternative to a ropivacaine plus fentanyl-based patient-controlled epidural regimen

Accurate management of acute post-thoracotomy pain can be obtained with epidural local anaesthetics with or without opioids. The routine in our centre for many years has been boluses of epidural methadone with satisfactory results and a lack of serious complication.

Objectives To compare the analgesic effectiveness of two epidural regimens for acute post-thoracotomy pain management.

Methods We enrolled 49 patients undergoing lung resection by thoracotomy in a prospective, non-blinded open study. Study groups: 25 patients received a patient controlled epidural (PCEA) regimen of 0.16% ropivacaine plus 3.5 μg ml⁻¹ fentanyl, and the other 24 patients receiving 4–6 mg of epidural boluses of 0.1% methadone every 8 h.

Results Both regimens provided similar pain relief during the first two postoperative days, however, patients receiving methadone needed less rescue analgesia and presented fewer numbers of hypotensive events compared to PCEA patients.

Conclusions Epidural boluses of methadone are as a safe and adequate analgesic regiment as a PCEA with ropivacaine plus fentanyl for post-thoracotomy pain management. Additionally, the cost of our current technique is much lower than the ropivacaine infusion.     

小儿尿道下裂修补术后硬膜外自控镇痛与静脉自控镇痛的效果观察

目的比较盐酸曲马多＋岁哌卡因硬膜外白控镇痛与盐酸曲马多＋芬太尼静脉白控镇痛用于小儿尿道下裂修补术后的效果及不良反应。方法60例ASAI～II级、年龄3～8岁的尿道下裂患儿,随机分为两组,每组30例。A组（n=30）：盐酸曲马多＋罗哌卡因硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）,术毕前30min硬膜外给予盐酸曲马多0．5mg／kg＋0．125％罗哌卡因3m1,术毕盐酸曲马多1rag／kg＋氟哌利多0．05mg／kg＋0．125％布比卡因,加生理盐水至100ml,持续泵入1ml／h,PCA 1ml／次,锁定时间为10min;B组（n=30）：盐酸曲马多＋芬太尼静脉白控镇痛（PCIA）,盐酸曲马多1mg／kg＋芬太尼0．001mg／kg＋氟哌利多0．05mg／kg,加生理盐水至100ml,术毕静脉泵入1ml／h,PCA 1ml／次,锁定时间10min。观察术后采用视觉模拟评分（VAS）分别记录两组术后1h、3h、6h、12h、24h、48h的镇痛效果,同时记录心率、血氧饱和度及不良反应的发生率。结果A、B组的VAS评分、心率无明显差异（P〉0．05）;B组在术后1h、3h血氧饱和度明显低于A组（P〈0．05）,在其他时间与A组无明显差异（P〉0．05）;B组有5例嗜睡,6例出现轻度恶心呕吐（P〈0．01）。结论小儿尿道下裂术后PCEA与PCIA的效果相当,但PCIA的副作用稍大,PCEA更合适。     

Antiemetic effects of midazolam added to fentanyl-ropivacaine patient-controlled epidural analgesia after subtotal gastrectomy: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial

Background: Nausea and vomiting are frequent adverse effects of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with opioids.Objective: This study was designed to assess the antiemetic effect of midazolam added to fentanyl—ropivacaine PCEA.Methods: In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, smoking patients with gastric cancer undergoing elective subtotal gastrectomy were evenly allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups to manage postoperative pain: 0.2% ropivacaine mixed with fentanyl 4 μg/mL and midazolam 0.2 mg/mL (test group) or 0.2% ropivacaine mixed with fentanyl 4 μg/mL (control group). The PCEA infusion was set to deliver 4 μL/h of the study solution, with a bolus of 2 mL per demand and a 15-minute lockout time. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), pain intensity, sedation score, usage of rescue analgesia and rescue antiemetic, respiratory depression, urinary retention, and pruritus were recorded at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery. Total infused volume of PCEA at 72 hours after surgery was measured.Results: A total of 60 patients were approached and randomized to treatment. No patients were excluded by exclusion criteria and all enrolled patients completed this study. Incidence of nausea (7% vs 33%; P = 0.02) in the test group was significantly lower than in the control group. The overall frequency of PONV in the test group was significantly less than that of the control group (7% vs 40%; P = 0.006). In addition, the mean (SD) infused volume of PCEA in the test group was significantly lower than that in the control group (392.3 [68.9] vs 351.2 [49.8] mL; P = 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in pain intensity, usage of rescue antiemetics and rescue analgesics, and mild pruritus between groups. No patient reported moderate or severe sedation, respiratory depression, or hypoxemia. In addition, there were no severe adverse events.Conclusions: Midazolam added to fentanyl-ropivacaine PCEA was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of PONV compared with fentanyl-ropivacaine alone, and a significant decrease in the amount of PCEA administered without a significant increase in adverse events in these patients who underwent subtotal gastrectomy.     

舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于开胸术后硬膜外镇痛的疗效

【目的】观察舒芬太尼或芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于开胸手术后硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）的临床镇痛效果和安全性。【方法】ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,全麻复合连续硬膜外阻滞麻醉行开胸手术病人70例,随机分为两组（n=35）,使用0．75μg／ml舒芬太尼（S组）或3μg／ml芬太尼（F组）复合0．125％罗哌卡因,术后行PCEA。镇痛泵设定持续背景剂量2mL／h、PCA每次0．5mL,锁定时间15min。观察病人术后镇痛效果,记录术后4h、8h、12h、24h、48h各时间点的疼痛评分（VAS）、镇静评分、PCA使用次数、不良反应和病人满意度。【结果】S组术后8h、24h和48hVAS评分明显低于F组（P〈0．05）;S组各时间点镇静评分均明显大于F组（P〈0．05）;S组PCA按压次数显著低于F组（P〈0．05）;S组病人对PCA的满意度明显高于F组（P〈0．05）。两组恶心、呕吐发生率低,呼吸抑制相比无明显差异。【结论】舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因用于开胸手术后PCEA,镇痛安全有效,镇痛镇静效果优于芬太尼,不良反应程度较轻。     

Addition of ketamine to propofol–fentanyl anaesthesia can reduce post-operative pain and epidural analgesic consumption in upper abdominal surgery

The aim of this study was to confirm whether intravenous anaesthesia supplemented with the N-methyl- -aspartate (NMDA) antagonist ketamine could reduce post-operative pain after elective open cholecystectomy. Fifty patients were randomised double-blind to one of the following two groups: PF Group received propofol and fentanyl supplemented with saline infusion; PFK Group received propofol and fentanyl supplemented with ketamine (total dose 2 mg/kg). During the first 48 post-operative hours, epidural analgesia was provided for all patients with patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) using 0.125% bupivacaine and morphine (0.05 mg/ml). Pain assessments at rest and movement, and cumulative PCEA volume consumed, were recorded at 5, 24 and 48 h post-operatively. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at rest were significantly less in the PFK Group than in the PF Group at 5, 24 and 48 h (P<0.001, P<0.001 and P=0.02, respectively). The VAS score at movement were also significantly (P<0.001) less throughout this study than in the PF Group. The difference in PCEA analgesic consumption at 0–5 and 5–24 h reached statistical significance (P<0.001 and P=0.008, respectively). Our results show that an intra-operative ketamine dose provides advantages for post-operative analgesia beyond its duration of action after an open cholecystectomy.     

Comparison of various types of epidural analgesia after abdominal operations

The authors compare three types of epidural analgesia using a mixture of 0.125% bupivacaine solution and morphine in 102 patients after abdominal surgery. Patient-controlled analgesia was applied in Group 1; the mixture was injected as a bolus in Group 2; continuous epidural infusion was used in Group 3. The findings have indicated that patient-controlled epidural analgesia can yield an adequate analgesia with smaller doses of local anesthetics and morphine reliably and in a shorter space of time and reduce the frequency of side effects associated with the opioid.     

Effect of adrenaline on the quality of postoperative epidural analgesia

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of patent controlled analgesia (PCEA) combining opioid-local anesthetic mixture and adrenaline administered after thoracotomy and laparotomy. 164 adult patients after major thoracic and abdominal surgery were enrolled in prospective randomized study. All patients were given PCEA using 0.125% bupivacaine and fentanyl (2 mcg/ml) eithr without (BF group, n = 73) or with adrenaline (2 mcg/ml) (ABF group, n = 91). Pain scores were assessed in rest and coughing by 100-point visual analog scale (VAS) at 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after ICU admission. In addition, the consumption of medication and the incidence of adverse effects (pruritis, urine retention, and nausea/vomiting) were recorded. Data were compared by the means of Student's t-test and chi2 test. p < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. VAS in coughing was significantly lower in the ABF group at 3rd 6th 12th, 18th and 24th hour after ICU admission. The consumption of medication requested for the adequate analgesia (VAS < 3) decreased in the ABF group compare to the BF group. The number of incidence of side effects was lower in the ABF group. The outcome of the study shows that use of PCEA with bupivacaine--fentanyl mixture with adrenaline after major surgery reduces the consumption of both bupivacaine and fentanyl and lowers the incidence of adverse effects, therefore improving the quality of analgesia.     

舒芬太尼用于髋关节置换术后患者自控硬膜外镇痛的观察

目的比较舒芬太尼与等效剂量芬太尼在髋关节置换术后患者硬膜外镇痛的临床效果。方法 2006年11月-2008年9月收治的50例硬膜外麻醉下髋关节置换术患者,随机分为两组（n=25）。芬太尼组（A组）：芬太尼0.75mg加0.894%甲磺酸哌卡因20mL加生理盐水至100mL;舒芬太尼组（B组）,舒芬太尼75μg加0.894%甲磺酸哌卡因20mL加生理盐水至100mL硬膜外镇痛。其中,A组患者于手术结束时,静脉滴注格拉司琼3mg。持续剂量2mL/h,单次给药量（PCA）0.5mL/次,锁定时间15min。观察两组的镇痛效果,恶心、呕吐次数,记录脉搏血氧饱和度、心率、呼吸的变化。结果镇痛泵开机后,B组各时段镇静评分,2分以上者明显多于A组,镇痛评分明显低于A组,有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,两组术后恶心、呕吐发生率都较低,组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。两组4、12、24h的呼吸频率和脉搏血氧饱和度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但48h的呼吸频率和脉搏血氧饱和度无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论在等效剂量下,髋关节置换术后患者硬膜外镇痛,舒芬太尼明显优于芬太尼。     

胸段硬膜外注射新斯的明用于肝部分切除术后镇痛的效果

目的:研究胸段硬膜外单次注射新斯的明用于肝部分切除术后镇痛的有效性。方法:将75例18~65岁、ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级、限期于硬膜外阻滞复合全麻下行开腹肝部分切除术的患者随机分为3组,每组25例,诱导前分别通过硬膜外导管给予0.9%氯化钠液稀释的新斯的明100μg(终体积5 mL,N组)、0.9%氯化钠液稀释的吗啡2 mg(终体积5 mL,M组)或0.9%氯化钠液5 mL(S组)。手术结束后,3组患者均接受同种模式的患者自控硬膜外镇痛。记录术中芬太尼用量、术后第1次按压镇痛泵的时间、术后24 h和48 h的视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分、术后镇痛用药总量、有效按压次数、总按压次数,恶心呕吐和皮肤瘙痒发生情况以及第1次肛门排气时间。结果:3组术中芬太尼的用量差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。S组第1次按压镇痛泵的时间显著短于N组和M组(P0.05),N组显著短于M组(P0.05)。术后24 h和48 h时3组的VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但S组镇痛药的用量显著多于N组和M组(P0.05);在术后24 h,S组有效按压次数与总按压次数比值显著低于N组和M组(P0.05)。3组恶心呕吐和肛门第1次排气时间差异无统计学意义,而M组术后24 h皮肤瘙痒发生率显著高于N组和S组(P0.05)。结论:胸段硬膜外单次给予新斯的明100μg能显著减少肝部分切除术后镇痛药物的用量,但不增加恶心呕吐的发生率,不影响术后第1次肛门排气时间。与硬膜外注射吗啡相比,硬膜外注射新斯的明后患者的皮肤瘙痒的发生率较低。     

术后芬太尼皮下镇痛及对胃肠功能影响的研究

目的 比较术后芬太尼皮下镇痛(PCSA)与硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)的临床效果,以及对胃肠功能的影响.方法 2009年1-6月间观察择期硬膜外麻醉下经腹子宫切除术患者120例,术后分别实施PCSA与PCEA,观察术后第4、8、12、24、48 h的镇痛、镇静情况,呼吸循环、恶心呕吐及其他不良事件,记录术后首次肛门排气时间,...     

病人自控硬膜外镇痛与静脉镇痛用于全髋置换术的比较

目的比较老年病人全髋置换术术后自控硬膜外镇痛（PCEA）与自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）的效果和不良反应。方法选择48例美国麻醉学会分级（ASA）I-Ⅲ级,择期硬膜外麻醉下行全髋置换术的老年病人,术后分别行PCEA（E组）和PCIA（I组）。PCEA药物用1.25mg／ml的罗哌卡因,镇痛泵参数设置为基础量3ml／h、自控给药量（PCA量）5ml、锁定时间30min。PCIA药物用10μg／ml的芬太尼,泵参数为基础量2ml／h、PCA量3ml、锁定时间15min。观察术后48h的镇痛效果和不良反应情况。结果两组术后视觉模拟评分法（VAS）均低于3,术毕初始12h内PCEA提供更低的VAS（P〈0.05）,24-48h两组VAS差异无显著性。术后PCEA病人的低血压、下肢麻木及硬膜外导管脱落的发生率显著高于I组（P〈0.05）。恶心、呕吐、谵妄、皮肤瘙瘁等发生率两组相似。结论老年病人全髋置换术术后病人自控硬膜外镇痛的效果优于自控静脉镇痛,但镇痛管理较为困难。     

Anesthesiological aspects of early activation of patients after aortocoronary bypass surgery

The specific features of the course of anesthesia and the time of extubation were studied in 142 patients suffering from coronary heart disease who had undergone myocardial revascularization. All the patients were divided into 3 groups in accordance with the type of anesthesia. Group 1 patients (n = 48) received routine anesthesia with ketamine, benzodiazepines, and large-dose fentanyl. Group 2 (n = 45) had combined anesthesia with inhalational and intravenous anesthetics having their better pharmacodynamics (such as isoflurane, diprivan, tracrium). In Group 3 (n = 49), the authors employed another developed modality of anesthesia using high thoracic (TII-TIV) epidural anesthesia as a basic component of anesthesiological maintenance. The two developed modalities of anesthesia almost halved the use of total dose opioids, which promoted patients' early postoperative recovery of consciousness and respiration. The time before extubation was 9.9 +/- 2.1, 4.5 +/- 1.1, and 1.5 +/- 1.2 hours in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p < 0.05). The developed anesthesia procedure using isoflurane, midazolam, propofol, and small-dose fentanyl ensures safe and early (up to 6-hour) extubation in 73% of the patients undergone aortocoronary bypass surgery. The developed anesthesiological protocol based on thoracic epidural anesthesia enables extubation to be carried out on the operating table within an hour in 75% of patients after aortocoronary bypass surgery. A comparative intraoperative analysis of hemodynamics, the incidence of myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, glucose levels has indicated that the anesthesia techniques aimed at a patient's early activation are not inferior in the degree of protection to routine anesthesia using large doses of opioids, ketamine, and diazepam. When used in combination with thoracic epidural block, the methods are superior to the latter.     

地塞米松用于硬膜外术后镇痛临床观察

目的比较地塞米松和氟哌利多对剖宫产硬膜外术后镇痛的效果。方法120例剖宫产,分为3组行硬膜外术后镇痛,每组40例。A组:曲马多600 mg 布比卡因125 mg 地塞米松10 mg;B组:曲马多600 mg 布比卡因125 mg 氟哌利多5 mg;C组:曲马多600 mg 布比卡因125 mg。每组药液以生理盐水稀释至100 m l配成泵液。以视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评价镇痛效果,并观察不良反应,记录患者自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)按压次数。结果3组患者VAS评分、PCEA按压次数差异无显著性意义,但A组低于B、C组;恶心、呕吐发生率C组高于A、B组;瘙痒发生率A组低于B、C组;嗜睡发生率B组高于A、C组。结论地塞米松用于剖宫产术后镇痛预防恶心、呕吐、瘙痒有效,不良反应少。     

不同术后镇痛方法对老年患者认知功能的影响

目的探讨不同的术后镇痛方法对老年患者认知功能的影响的差异性,为提高老年患者术后生活质量,减轻认知功能扰乱提供依据。方法选择行腹部手术患者64例,年龄60岁以上术前无明显认知障碍,不合并脑血管疾患,无呼吸功能障碍,无肝肾功能障碍。实施连续硬膜外麻醉,随机分为2组,每组32例。经硬膜外自控镇痛组（PCEA组）：术后先给0．25％罗哌卡因6ml＋吗啡1～1．5mg＋氟哌利多1．25mg负荷镇痛剂量,尔后用100m10．25％罗哌卡因＋吗啡5mg＋氟哌利多2．5mg作术后2dPCEA。持续注入速率2．0ml／h,PCEA量1．0ml／次,锁定时间为15min。经外周静脉自控镇痛组（PCIA组）：吗啡1．0mg／ml＋氟哌利多0．2mg／ml,负荷镇痛剂量5．0ml,PCIA量1．0ml／次,持续注入速率1．0ml／h,锁定时间为15min。分别于术前、术后1d和3d进行认知功能测定。结果两组患者术后自控镇痛,其疼痛视觉评分无差异,均达到满意效果。术后1dPCIA组有近半数患者认知功能测试异常,与PCEA组比较：P〈0．01,PCIA术后镇痛对认知功能改变更加明显。由此说明,术后镇痛单从认知功能改变考量,PCEA较PCIA优越。结论PCIA与PCEA应用于老年患者下腹部手术术后镇痛,均能达到满意的术后镇痛,但PCIA影响术后认知功能较PCEA明显。因此,术后镇痛选用PCEA较PCIA优越。     

Epidural analgesia in surgical treatment of scoliosis

The article provides data on the use of a two-level epidural analgesia as a component of general anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in surgical treatment of scoliosis on the front and back structures of the spine. The study included 150 patients aged from 12 to 25 years. All the patients were divided into 4 groups. The patients of the 2-nd and 3-rd groups before the main stage was carried out an epidural analgesia with 0.75% ropivacaine and sevorane-propofol general anaesthesia . In the 1-st and 4-th group carried out an propofol-fentanyl TIVA or inhalational sevorane-fentanyl one. The best result were obtained in the 3-rd group, where they carried out the infusion 0.2% ropivacaine with fentanyl (1 microg/ml) and epinephrine (2 microg/ml) via 2 epidural catheters. It was noted decreased blood loss by more than 50% in groups with epidural analgesia.     

Genetic variability of the mu-opioid receptor influences intrathecal fentanyl analgesia requirements in laboring women

Labor initiates one of the most intensely painful episodes in a woman's life. Opioids are used to provide analgesia with substantial interindividual variability in efficacy. mu-Opioid receptor (muOR, OPRM1) genetic variants may explain differences in response to opioid analgesia. We hypothesized that OPRM1 304A/G polymorphism influences the median effective dose (ED(50)) of intrathecal fentanyl via combined spinal-epidural for labor analgesia. Nulliparous women were prospectively recruited around 35 weeks gestation (n=224), and genotyped for 304A/G polymorphism. Those requesting neuraxial labor analgesia were enrolled in one of the two double-blinded trials: up-down sequential allocation (SA, n=50) and a separate confirmatory random-dose allocation trial (RA, n=97). Effective analgesia from intrathecal fentanyl was defined by >or=60 min analgesia with verbal rating score 相似文献   

地佐辛与吗啡用于妇科术后硬膜外镇痛的临床效果比较

目的比较地佐辛与吗啡分别用于妇科手术后硬膜外镇痛的镇痛效果和副作用。方法选择择期妇科手术需要硬膜外镇痛的患者60例(ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级)。随机分成M组(吗啡组)和D组(地佐辛组),30例/组。镇痛药:M组0.004%吗啡+0.15%罗哌卡因+0.01%地塞米松;D组0.0075%地佐辛+0.15%罗哌卡因+0.01%地塞米松,均用PCA泵(100 mL)以LCP模式行PCEA。观察2组患者术后镇痛期间的镇痛效果和副反应如恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、嗜睡、呼吸抑制等。结果 2组配方术后镇痛效果相当,但D组术后恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒等不良反应发生率明显低于M组(P<0.05)。结论地佐辛用于妇科术后硬膜外镇痛与吗啡相比,镇痛效果相当,副作用发生率更少,更适合与妇科女性患者的术后镇痛。