经典1型糖尿病肾病患者血浆脂联素水平变化的探讨

目的研究脂联素与经典1型糖尿病肾病发生发展的关系。方法正常对照组15例和45例经典1型糖尿病患者血清脂联素水平、血尿素氮和血清肌酐和尿白蛋白排泄率。根据尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)将糖尿病患者分为3组:单纯DM组(SDM组);早期DN组(EDN组);临床期DN组(CDN组)。EDN组和CDN组可合称为DN组。结果 SDM组血清脂联素水平较对照组显著升高(P<0.05);CDN组血清脂联素水平较NC组、SDM组、EDN组显著升高均。DN组血清脂联素水平较SDM组显著升高(P<0.05)。血清脂联素水平与UAER呈显著正相关(r=0.598,P<0.01):及肾小球滤过率显著独立负相关(r=0.-208,P<0.05),与年龄正相关(r=0.158,P<0.05);与病程正相关(r=0.161,P<0.05);与BMI、WHR呈显著负相关(r分别为-0.169和-0.202,均P<0.05)。结论经典1型糖尿病病人中,血脂联素水平与尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)密切相关。     

糖尿病肾病患者血清1,25-二羟维生素D_3水平变化

目的观察血清1,25-二羟维生素D_3[1,25-(OH)_2D_3]水平在糖尿病肾病(DN)进展中的变化。方法选择2013年8月至2015年5月深圳市龙岗中心医院收治的2型糖尿病患者157例,按照Mogensen分期标准将患者分为单纯糖尿病(DM)组(n=36)、早期DN(EDN)组(n=38)、临床DN(CDN)组(n=42)和DN终末期(ESDN)组(n=41),另选择同期体检健康者36例作为对照组。对5组受试者的尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、肾小球滤过率(GFR)及血清1,25-(OH)_2D_3水平进行比较。结果对照组与DM组患者UAER、GFR比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);EDN组、CDN组和ESDN组患者UAER显著高于对照组和DM组(P<0.05),EDN组、CDN组和ESDN组患者GFR显著低于对照组和DM组(P<0.05);CDN组和ESDN组患者UAER显著高于EDN组(P<0.05),但CDN组与ESDN组患者UAER比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ESDN组患者GFR显著低于EDN组和CDN组(P<0.05),但EDN组与CDN组患者GFR比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。DM组、EDN组、CDN组和ESDN组患者血清1,25-(OH)_2D_3水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05),EDN组、CDN组和ESDN组患者血清1,25-(OH)_2D_3水平显著低于DM组(P<0.05),CDN组和ESDN组患者血清1,25-(OH)_2D_3水平显著低于EDN组(P<0.05),ESDN组患者血清1,25-(OH)_2D_3水平显著低于CDN组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,糖尿病患者血清1,25-(OH)_2D_3水平与GFR呈正相关(r=0.389,P<0.001),与UAER呈负相关(r=-0.450,P<0.001)。结论 DN患者血清1,25-(OH)_2D_3水平显著降低,检测血清1,25-(OH)_2D_3水平可能对早期发现DN及其病情判断有积极意义。     

2型糖尿病及糖尿病肾病患者C反应蛋白检测的临床价值

目的:探讨C反应蛋白(CRP)在2型糖尿病(T_2DM)及其并发肾病患者中的浓度变化及临床价值。方法:根据尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)将102例T_2DM患者分为单纯糖尿病组(SDM组)、早期糖尿病肾病组(EDN组)和临床糖尿病肾病组(CDN组),30名本院健康体检者作为对照组,应用免疫透射比浊法测定血清CRP,将组间的CRP进行统计学比较,并进行相关分析。结果:各糖尿病组血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平与对照组比较均具有统计学差异(P<0.05),EDN、CDN组显著高于SDM组(P<0.05),CDN组与EDN组相比亦明显升高(P<0.05)。相关分析显示CRP与UAER呈显著正相关(r=0.485,P<0.01)。结论:CRP水平在T_2DM组和并发DN组中逐渐增高,表明其可能是T_2DM和DN发生的危险因素,CRP与糖尿病及其血管慢性并发症有关。     

糖尿病肾病患者肾组织KIM-1的表达与尿KIM-1水平相关性研究

目的:探讨早期糖尿病肾病(DN)患者肾组织肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)的表达与尿KIM-1的关系。方法:将47例2型糖尿病伴DN患者根据尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)分为早期糖尿病肾病组(EDN组)和临床糖尿病肾病组(DN组),同时选取15例健康体检者为正常对照组(NC组)。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测其尿KIM-1浓度,分析EDN组和DN组患者肾组织免疫组化切片KIM-1的表达。结果:EDN组和DN组HbA1c、UAER、Cys-C和KIM-1均明显高于NC组(P<0.01),且DN组UAER明显高于EDN组(P<0.01)、Cys-C和KIM-1明显高于EDN组(P<0.05);DN组肾小囊壁层上皮细胞增生程度和KIM-1表达明显高于EDN组(P<0.05);EDN组和DN组尿KIM-1与肾组织KIM-1表达显著相关(P<0.05);EDN组和DN组尿KIM-1与eGFR呈负相关(r=-0.723,P<0.01),与Cys-C呈正相关(r=0.682,P<0.01),与UAER无明显相关(r=0.204,P>0.05)。结论:KIM-1对于DN的早期诊断和病情监测具有一定的价值。     

糖尿病肾病患者血细胞体积改变及其临床意义

目的:探讨糖尿病肾病(DN)患者血细胞体积改变及其临床意义。方法:将96例糖尿病患者根据24h尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)分为单纯糖尿病组(SDM组)、早期糖尿病肾病组(EDN组)和临床糖尿病肾病组(CDN组),36例健康者为对照组,采用全自动血细胞分析仪检测各组血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(HCT)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、平均血小板体积(MPV)。结果:与对照组相比,SDM组各检测值正常,均无明显变化(P>0.05),EDN组和CDN组MCV、MPV增大,MCHC降低,均有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);CDN组较EDN组MCV、MPV增大更为明显(P<0.01),而Hb、HCT在各组间无显著性差异(P>0.05),MCV、MPV与UAER呈显著正相关(r=0.564、0.482,P<0.01)。结论:DN患者MCV、MPV随着UAER的增加而增大,两者之间关系密切,可能与DN的发生和发展有关。     

2型糖尿病肾病患者血清同型半胱氨酸和脂联素检测的临床意义

目的：探讨血清同型半胱氨酸（HCY）和脂联素（ADPN）在2型糖尿病肾病（T2DN）发生发展中的作用。方法：根据24h尿微量白蛋白排泄率（UAER／24h）将169例2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者分为单纯糖尿病N（SDM组）,早期糖尿病肾病组（EDN组）和临床糖尿病肾病组（CDN组）;51名健康者作为对照组（NC组）,分别测定血清HCY及ADPN水平。结果：SDM、EDN和CDN3组血清HCY、ADPN水平高于NC组（P〈0．05）;EDN和CDN组血清HCY、ADPN水平高于SDM组（P〈0．05）;CDN组血清HCY、ADPN水平高于EDN组（P〈0．05）;NC、SDM、EDN和CDN4组受试者血清HCY、ADPN与UAER水平呈正相关（rHCY=0．49,PHCY〈0．05;rADPN=0．56,PADPN〈0．05）。结论：血清HCY、ADPN与T2DN的发生、发展有关,检测二者水平可能对评估糖尿病肾病有作用。     

2型糖尿病患者外周血中SDF-1水平和内皮祖细胞CXCR4表达率的变化

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者外周血中基质细胞衍生因子-1(SDF-1)水平和内皮祖细胞(EPCs)表面SDF-1受体CXCR4表达率的变化及意义.方法: 测定104例T2DM患者和26例健康对照者外周血中SDF-1水平、EPCs数量和CXCR4表达率.糖尿病患者分单纯糖尿病组、血管病变组.结果: SDF-1水平和EPCs数量对照组、单纯糖尿病组、血管病变组依次下降(P<0.05 或<0.01);CXCR4表达率单纯糖尿病组较对照组、血管病变组升高(P<0.05或<0.01),血管病变组较对照组降低(P<0.05);SDF-1水平与EPCs数量成正相关(r=0.241,P<0.05).结论: T2DM患者外周血中SDF-1/CXCR4轴与EPCs的数量及功能密切相关,参与血管病变的发生与发展.     

血清胰岛素样生长因子-1、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3与2型糖尿病肾病的关系

目的:测定血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGF-BP3)水平,探讨其与2型糖尿病肾病的关系。方法:选择2型糖尿病患者86例,根据其尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)结果分为单纯糖尿病组(SDM组)33例、早期糖尿病肾病组(EDN组)28例和临床期肾病组(CDN组)25例。检测IGF-1、IGF-BP3、UAER等指标,分析IGF-1、IGF-BP3与糖尿病肾病的发病和病情轻重的关系。结果:CDN组血清IGF-1、IGF-BP3和UAER均明显高于SDM与EDN组(P <0.01),CDN组血清IGF-1、IGF-BP3和UAER亦均明显高于EDN组(P <0.01)。 IGF-1与肌酐、尿素氮、UAER和IGF-BP3均呈正相关关系(P <0.01),与年龄和糖化血红蛋白均无相关关系(P >0.05),而与空腹血糖呈负相关关系(P <0.01)。结论:血清IGF-1、IGF-BP3水平与2型糖尿病肾病的发生发展有相关性,可作为糖尿病肾病早期的诊断指标之一。     

血清叶酸和维生素B_(12)与早期糖尿病肾病的关系

目的探讨血清叶酸和维生素B_(12)与早期糖尿病肾病(DN)的关系。方法选择2015年1~9月上海市普陀区人民医院收治的成人2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者120例,根据尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)分为单纯糖尿病(SDM)组(UAER<30 mg·g~(-1))和早期DN(EDN)组(UAER 30~300 mg·g~(-1)),每组60例;另选取同期健康成人60例作为对照组。采用化学发光法测定血清叶酸和维生素B_(12)水平,乳胶增强免疫透射比浊法测定血清胱抑素C水平;对3组受试者血清叶酸、维生素B_(12)和胱抑素C水平进行比较。结果 SDM组和EDN组患者血清胱抑素C水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01);EDN组患者血清胱抑素C水平高于SDM组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SDM组和EDN组患者血清叶酸水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05),EDN组患者血清叶酸水平显著低于SDM组(P<0.05)。3组受试者血清维生素B_(12)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组、SDM组和EDN组受试者叶酸缺乏症患病率分别为0.0%(0/60)、38.3%(23/60)和48.3%(29/60),SDM组和EDN组患者叶酸缺乏症患病率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),EDN组与SDM组患者叶酸缺乏症患病率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组、SDM组和EDN组受试者维生素B_(12)缺乏症患病率分别为0.0%(0/60)、6.7%(4/60)和8.3%(5/60),3组受试者维生素B_(12)缺乏症患病率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 T2DM患者存在血清叶酸缺乏,叶酸可能与EDN有关,但未发现维生素B_(12)与EDN有相关性。     

2型糖尿病及糖尿病肾病患者C反应蛋白检测的临床价值

目的：探讨C反应蛋白（CRP）在2型糖尿病（T2DM）及其并发肾病患者中的浓度变化及，临床价值。方法：根据尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）将102例T2DM患者分为单纯糖尿病组（SDM组）、早期糖尿病肾病组（EDN组）和临床糖尿病肾病组（CDN组），30名本院健康体检者作为对照组，应用免疫透射比浊法测定血清CRP，将组间的CRP进行统计学比较，并进行相关分析。结果：各糖尿病组血清C反应蛋白（CRP）水平与对照组比较均具有统计学差异（P〈0．05），EDN、CDN组显著高于SDM组（P〈0．05），CDN组与EDN组相比亦明显升高（P〈0．05）。相关分析显示CRP与UAER呈显著正相关（r=0．485，P〈0．01）。结论：CRP水平在T2DM组和并发DN组中逐渐增高，表明其可能是T2DM和DN发生的危险因素，CRP与糖尿病及其血管慢性并发症有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.