矽肺石棉肺煤工尘肺肺功能研究

对592名接触矽尘、石棉尘、煤(矽)尘的工人和425名尘肺病人以及206名健康不接尘工人的肺功能进行了测定,建立了肺通气功能和换气功能预计值回归公式。比较研究了接触不同粉尘的工人和尘肺病人的肺功能损害程度及其特点,表明尘肺病人各项肺功能指标明显低于接尘工人;矽肺病人中混合性肺功能损害者较多,石棉肺病人限制性损害较明显,而煤工尘肺病人则多表现为阻塞性的功能损害。     

煤工尘肺853例的死因分析

煤工尘肺是严重危害煤矿工人健康的一种职业病,是一种慢性进展性、不可逆的呼吸系统职业病,在煤工尘肺的进展过程中,容易并发多种并发症而使病情恶化以至死亡。为了探讨煤工尘肺的死亡规律,为今后煤工尘肺的防治提供科学依据,我们对北京京煤集团2005年底前诊断的1712例煤工尘肺（其中死亡853例）进行了调查分析,现报告如下。     

1150例煤工尘肺死因分析

煤工尘肺是影响我国煤矿工人身体健康的重要职业病,严重威胁着煤矿工人的生命。为探讨尘肺死亡的各种因素,本文对1963年至1989年期间永荣矿务局死亡的1150例尘肺病例进行了回顾性调查,现将结果报告如下。资料与方法 1.一般情况永荣矿务局为萎缩煤矿,年产120万吨低磷、低硫、低灰分优质煤。煤种以气肥煤、焦煤为主,游离SiO_2含量为4.88～12.08％。粉尘浓度1955年以前平均48～55mg/m~3,1956年后采用半机械化作业,     

济南市2002-2011年尘肺发病状况分析

目的 了解济南市尘肺病发病状况,为研究和制订尘肺病防治措施及策略提供依据.方法 采用描述性流行病学方法,对2002-2011年新发尘肺病的调查资料进行分类汇总.结果 10年间新发尘肺病总数523例,其中男性510例(97.51％),女性13例(2.49％);矽肺(63.67％)与煤工尘肺(19.12％)为主要的尘肺病种;尘肺病患者接尘工龄中位数为15年;发病年龄中位数为48岁;尘肺报告病例主要集中在国有大、中型企业.结论 应加强对职业病防治的监督管理,及对高危行业职工的健康风险评估和工作场所健康促进工作.     

炭渣尘肺与矽肺,煤工尘肺的流行病学比较分析

炭渣尘肺是盐业工人在老式制盐的过程中,因吸入高浓度的炭渣粉尘而发生的肺部病变。长期以来,对其流行病学规律不甚明了,其命名亦未统一,有称“制盐司炉工尘肺”,或称“炭渣矽肺”的。为此, 我们将其与本地区矽肺,煤工尘肺病例在流行病学方面试作对比分析,以期能解决上述问题,为该类尘肺防治工作提供依据。对象与方法1.对象比较病例根据卫生部“全国尘肺流调方案”进行调查。调查了某盐业企业1950—1990年确诊Ⅰ—Ⅲ期炭渣尘肺198例,以及同一时间,同一     

煤工尘肺合并肺结核的死因分析

目的探讨煤工尘肺合并肺结核的死亡原因及发病规律。方法煤工尘肺及肺结核诊断:1986年前符合1963年相关尘肺X射线诊断标准,1986年至2001年符合1986年GB 5906—1986《尘肺X线诊断标准及处理原则》,2002年后符合GBZ 70—2002《尘肺病诊断标准》;统计学处理采用SPSS 12.0软件对资料进行分析。结果煤工尘肺患者1 712例,死亡病例853例;煤工尘肺合并肺结核489例(其中死亡358例),年龄(53.3±7.9)岁。煤工尘肺合并肺结核频率为28.56%,而煤工尘肺不同期别合并肺结核有差异,Ⅰ、Ⅲ期煤工尘肺合并肺结核频率高,并与Ⅱ期煤工尘肺合并肺结核率差异有显著性(2=51.36,P<0.005),煤工尘肺合并肺结核直接死因中以肺结核恶化病死率最高(39.47%),直接死于煤工尘肺为12.88%,肺心病4.09%,肺癌3.48%,最低为胃癌、喉癌和高血压0.20%。结论肺结核是煤工尘肺主要合并症,也是煤工尘肺患者合并肺结核主要死亡原因(39.47%);煤工尘肺合并肺心病(4.09%)、肺癌(3.48%)等合并症病死率亦较高,也是煤工尘肺合并肺结核患者主要死亡原因之一。     

煤工尘肺患者血清中可溶性Fas和FasL水平及临床意义

目的探讨煤工尘肺患者血清中可溶性Fas（sFas）和可溶性FasL（sFasL）水平及意义。方法用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法检测52例矽肺患者（矽肺组）、57例煤工尘肺患者（煤工尘肺组）、46例井下健康工人（井下对照组）及40例井上健康人（井上对照组）血清中sFas和sFasL水平。结果分别与井上对照组、井下对照组比较，矽肺和煤工尘肺患者血清中sFas和sFasL水平均明显增高，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；井下对照组sFas、sFasL均明显高于井上对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；与矽肺组比较，煤工尘肺患者血清中sFas水平升高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），而sFasL水平虽也升高，但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。矽肺组、煤工尘肺组与单纯Ⅰ期比较，Ⅰ期并发肺气肿、单纯Ⅱ＋Ⅲ期患者血清sFas水平均增高，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01），而sFasL水平按尘肺相关指标分组比较均无明显改变。不同接尘时间比较，矽肺和煤工坐肺患者血清中sFas和sFasL水平均无明显改变。sFas、sFasL在矽肺中无相关性，而在煤工尘肺中呈正相关关系。结论矽肺和煤工尘肺患者血清中sFas和sFasL水平异常，sFas和sFasL与尘肺发牛发展过程有关，sFas水平的变化可能预示着尘肺病情的发展变化，检测sFas对鉴别矽肺和煤工尘肺有一定参考价值。     

开江县438例煤工尘肺的生存率分析

应用寿命表法对开江县１９７５－１９８６年间的４３８例煤工尘肺生存时间资料进行分析，随访第１０年的生存率为８２．５６％；进入随访时谋工尘肺不同的期别间生存率Ⅰ期高于Ⅱ期，Ⅱ期高于Ⅲ期，随访开始时煤工尘肺俣并结核的生存率曲线低于煤工尘肺未合并结核；不同接尘龄生存率差异无统计学意义。     

煤工尘肺合并恶性肿瘤的死因分析

煤工尘肺是严重危害煤矿工人健康的一种职业病,是一种慢性进展性、不可逆的呼吸系统职业病,在煤工尘肺的进展过程中,容易并发多种并发症而使病情恶化以至死亡,特别是煤工尘肺合并恶性肿瘤。为了探讨煤工尘肺合并恶性肿瘤的死亡规律,为今后煤工尘肺的防治提供科学依据,我们对北京京煤集团某矿2005年底前因煤工尘肺合并恶性肿瘤死亡的112例病例进行了调查分析,现报告如下。     

Alzheimer's disease as a cause of death in the United States

OBJECTIVE: To describe the scope of mortality from and trends in Alzheimer's disease, to show how Alzheimer's disease ranks as a leading cause of death, to describe a methodological change regarding ranking, and to discuss issues related to the reporting of Alzheimer's disease on death certificates. METHODS: The authors analyzed mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System. RESULTS: Alzheimer's disease has increasingly been reported as a cause of death on death certificates in the United States; however, this increase may represent a variety of factors including improved diagnosis and awareness of the disease or changes in the perception of Alzheimer's disease as a cause of death. In 1995, Alzheimer's disease was identified as the underlying cause of 20,606 deaths. Overall, Alzheimer's disease was the 14th leading cause of death in 1995; for people 65 years of age or older, it was the 8th leading cause of death. Both death rates and cause-of-death ranking differed by selected demographic variables. CONCLUSIONS: In recognition of the importance of the condition as a major public health problem, Alzheimer's disease was added to the list of causes eligible to be ranked as leading causes of death in the United States beginning with mortality data for 1994. Several issues need to be kept in mind in interpreting mortality data on Alzheimer's disease, including how diagnoses are made, how the condition is classified, and the purpose of death certificates.     

Diabetes mellitus as cause of death

Certification and coding of diabetes mellitus as a cause of death were investigated by sending a random sample of 300 physicians a set of 6 case histories. Of these, 228 (76%) participated in the study by completing a death certificate for each of these cases. The certificates were subsequently coded by the Central Bureau of Statistics. The main finding was that doctors varied enormously in the way in which diabetes mellitus was mentioned on the death certificate: not at all, as a contributory cause of death, or as an underlying cause of death. Coding removes some of the inconsistencies, but induces additional variation: a higher age of the deceased is associated with a lower probability of having diabetes mellitus coded as the underlying cause of death, and a higher probability of not receiving a code of diabetes mellitus at all. It is concluded that the cause-of-death registration does not provide an accurate picture of the contribution of diabetes mellitus to the cause-of-death pattern of the Netherlands. This is due, amongst other things, to the conceptualization of causes of death on which the registration is based. On the other hand, changes in certification and coding practice within the current system may already lead to some improvement.     

The accuracy of liver cancer as the underlying cause of death on death certificates

Studies of liver cancer mortality are subject to confusion attributable to the changes in categories by which liver cancer is identified in successive revisions of the International Classification of Diseases. To determine the effects of these changes, diagnoses of 2,388 cases of primary liver cancer in the years 1973-80 were compared to the underlying causes of death recorded on the death certificates, using data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Results showed that only 53 percent of the deaths were attributed on death certificates to primary liver cancer. In a reverse comparison of 2,977 death certificates from the years 1973-85 with an underlying cause of death of primary liver cancer, 83 percent had been diagnosed as liver cancer. However, among the certificates that specified cancer of the liver, not specified as primary or secondary, as the cause of death, only 40 percent had been diagnosed originally as liver cancer. The mortality of liver cancer can be either underestimated or overestimated depending on which disease classification categories are used.     

尘肺病合并COPD患者3年肺功能变化观察

采用1∶2配对病例对照的方法对比尘肺病合并COPD(观察组)和单纯尘肺(对照组)患者3年肺功能变化情况。结果显示,观察组及对照组7个肺功能指标3年后均有下降(P<0.05),其中弥散功能、小气道流速下降速率最快;观察组7个肺功能指标3年下降率均大于对照组。提示尘肺病合并COPD患者肺功能下降速率快于单纯尘肺患者,应早期行干预治疗。