乳香炮制一得

乳香来源于橄榄科植物卡氏乳香树Boswelliacarterii Birdw.或鲍达乳香树B.bhaw-dajianaBirdw.及野乳香树B.neglecta M.Moore皮部渗出的干燥胶树脂,乳香可分为乳香珠和原乳香,主产于索马里和埃塞俄比亚,具有活血定痛、消肿生肌的功效,用于胸痹心痛、胃脘疼痛、痛经闭经、产后瘀阻、疒徵瘕腹痛、风湿痹痛、筋脉拘挛、跌打损伤、痈肿疮疡等。     

乳香炮制的现代研究概况

<正> 乳香为常用树脂类中药,具有活血化瘀、消肿止痛、去腐生肌之功效。近年来,有关乳香炮制研究的报道很多,本文在全面查阅文献的基础上,对其品种鉴别、炮制化学、炮制药理、炮制工艺、炮制理论研究情况加以总结,并介绍了全国不同地区乳香炮制方法的应用情况,同时就某些有待于深入研究的问题提出建议和看法,以便为今后的乳香炮制研究提供参考。1 乳香品种鉴别研究乳香为橄榄科植物卡氏乳香树Boswelliacarterii Birdw.或鲍达乳香树B.bhaw dajianaBirdw.及野乳香树B.neglecta M.Moore.皮部渗出的干燥胶树脂,主产于利比亚、苏丹、土耳     

乳香炮制方法浅析

乳香是乳香树树皮渗出的树脂. 1 来源 乳香树有橄榄科卡氏乳香树、鲍达乳香树和野乳香树. 2 炮制方法 2.1 净制除去杂质 2.2 切制大块捣碎 2.3 炮炙 2.3.1 醋制取净乳香,加醋拌匀,焖透,置锅内炒至表面光亮,取出,放凉.每乳香100kg,用醋5kg.     

乳香的化学成分研究

目的 研究橄榄科植物卡氏乳香树Boswellia carterii的树脂氯仿提取物的化学成分.方法 利用色谱方法对乳香化学成分进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构.结果 从乳香氯仿提取物中分离得到14个化合物,分别鉴定为α-香树素(1)、β-乳香酸(2)、乙酰11α-甲氧基-β-乳香酸(3)、11-羰基-β-乳香酸(4)、乙酰11-羰基-β-乳香酸(5)、9,11-去氢-β-乳香酸(6)、乙酰a-乳香酸和乙酰β-乳香酸(7)、a-乳香酸(8)、9,11-去氢-α-乳香酸(9)、α-乙酰榄香醇酸(10)、3a-羟基甘遂-8,24-二烯-21-酸(11)、榄香酮酸(12)、3a-羟基甘遂-7,24-二烯-21-酸(13)、a-棕榈酸甘油酯(14).结论 化合物1和9为首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

乳香属药用植物中乳香酸类化学成分、生物活性及其作用机制研究进展

乳香为橄榄科植物乳香树或同属植物的胶状树脂,在我国具有悠久的药用历史。研究表明,药用乳香效应成分主要为乳香酸类成分,具有抗炎、抗菌、抗肿瘤等药理活性。在广泛的文献检索基础上,对乳香属药用植物中乳香酸类成分的种类、提取方法、生物活性、作用机制及其代谢转化研究进行较为系统地整理分析与归纳总结,为其进一步深入研究和开发利用提供科学依据。     

乳香挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

乳香为橄榄科植物卡氏乳香树 Boswellia car-terii Birdw.及同属其它数种植物皮部切伤后渗出的油胶树脂 ,具有活血行气止痛 ,消肿生肌之功效。乳香含挥发油 3%～ 8% [1] ,而目前对其挥发油化学成分的研究甚少。本文利用气相 -质谱联用方法对其挥发油进行分析 ,共鉴定了 46种成分。1　乳香挥发油的提取将乳香药材 (河南省洛阳正骨医院药剂科提供 )粉碎后 ,用挥发油提取器按常规水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油 ,无水硫酸钠干燥。2　气相色谱 -质谱分析条件日本岛津 GCMS- QP5 0 5 0 A型气相色谱 -质谱联用仪 ;色谱柱 :弹性石英毛细管柱 ( 30 m× …     

乳香炮制工艺的改革

<正> 乳香为橄榄科植物卡氏乳香树干燥的胶树脂,主产于索马里、埃塞俄比亚、利比亚、苏丹、土耳其、阿拉伯半岛南部等地。 乳香炮制的目的:除去一部分挥发油,缓和其药性,减少对胃肠道刺激而引起呕吐的副作用。 据资料统计,某医疗单位每年加工炮制生乳香60kg,1985年炮制损耗率为30％,1986年为26％,1987     

活络效灵颗粒中乳香酸类成分含量分析

目的:建立活络效灵颗粒中5种乳香酸的含量测定方法,为控制和评价其质量提供依据.方法:采用HPLC测定,Agilent SB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm);流动相0.1％磷酸水溶液-乙腈梯度洗脱;检测波长210 nm和250 nm;柱温30℃.结果:α-乳香酸、β-乳香酸、3-乙酰-β-乳香酸、11...     

中药乳香质量标准提高

目的:对中药乳香的质量标准进行提高,使中药乳香饮片及其制剂高效和安全应用。方法:从乳香质量标准和刺激性两方面进行研究,采用薄层色谱法对乳香中乳香酸类成分进行鉴别,采用苯酚-硫酸法测定乳香总多糖含量,采用气相色谱法对乳香挥发油主要药效成分乙酸辛酯含量进行测定,并采用动物实验对乳香的刺激性进行研究。结果:乳香薄层色谱中,乳香酸类成分在与对照品色谱相应的位置上显相同颜色的暗斑,空白对照无干扰;乳香中总多糖平均加样回收率为99.6%,RSD 1.2%,平均质量分数为7.0%;乳香挥发油中乙酸辛酯平均加样回收率为100.16%,RSD 0.9%,平均质量分数为0.08%;乳香生饮片挥发油有明显刺激性。结论:研究建立的乳香中乳香酸类成分薄层色谱鉴别方法、乳香总多糖和乙酸辛酯含量测定方法简便、准确,达到提高乳香中药饮片质量标准的目的,并为乳香提取物及其制剂的质量标准和高效安全用药提供依据和保障。     

乳香中5种乳香酸成分含量分析

目的:建立乳香中5种乳香酸的含量测定方法,为评价乳香质量提供依据.方法:采用HPLC测定,Agilent SBC18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm);流动相0.1%磷酸-乙腈梯度洗脱;检测波长210,250 nm;柱温30℃.结果:12个批次乳香中α-乳香酸的质量分数为8.68～16.1 mg·g-1,β-乳香酸的质量分数为53.5～246.9 mg·g-1,3-乙酰-β-乳香酸的质量分数为38.4～192.9 mg·g-1,11-羰基-β-乳香酸的质量分数为4.48～5.81 mg·g-1,11-羰基-β-乙酰乳香酸的质量分数为32.7～44.2 mg·g-1,5种乳香酸的总质量分数为146.1～500.7 mg·g-1.结论:检测的乳香样品中5种乳香酸成分含量有一定差异.     

中药名与其基源植物中文名称及学名的分析整理

目的:探讨2015年版《中国药典》中药名、基源植物中名及学名与其基源植物在《中国植物志》和《Flora of China》的中名及学名。方法:对我国2015年版《中国药典》的某些中药名及基源植物的中名、学名与其在《中国植物志》和《Flora of China》基源植物的中名及学名进行归纳、分析、总结。结果:2015年版《中国药典》某些中药名及其基源植物的中名与其在《中国植物志》及《Flora of China》植物中名存在混淆和交叉混淆,及其学名不一致的4种情况:一是《中国药典》部分中药的基源植物中名与其在《中国植物志》的植物中名不一致;二是《中国药典》的部分中药基源植物的学名与其在《中国植物志》植物的学名不一致;三是《中国药典》部分中药的基源植物中名及学名与《中国植物志》或《Flora of China》上植物中名和学名不一致;四是《中国药典》某些中药名与《中国植物志》其他植物中名相同。结论:《中国药典》的中药名、基源植物的中名及学名与《中国植物志》及《Flora of China》的中名及学名应保持一致性,才有利于人们进行中药种植、采购、销售、生产、研究,同时也将有利于我国中药在国际上交流活动。     

5种小檗属药用植物总生物碱及小檗碱的含量测定

目的:对5种小檗属植物(拟豪猪刺、川鄂小檗、芒齿小檗、湖北小檗、汉源小檗,均为药材三颗针来源)根和茎中活性物质总生物碱和小檗碱进行研究,比较5种植物根和茎的总生物碱和小檗碱的含量,为三颗针药材的资源与质量评价提供参考。方法:分别通过酸性染料比色法和高效液相色谱法进行总生物碱及小檗碱含量测定研究。结果:5种植物根和茎的总生物碱含量范围分别为1.60%~4.72%和0.76%~2.70%,小檗碱的含量范围分别为0.70%~2.92%和0.23%~1.07%。湖北小檗、汉源小檗和拟豪猪刺根的总生物碱及小檗碱的含量均较高,是优质的三颗针药材来源,其茎中的总生物碱和小檗碱的含量也较高。结论:所建立的总生物碱和小檗碱的含量测定方法准确、可行,为该药材的质量评价提供了可靠方法。     

Screening and identification of potential biomarkers and establishment of the diagnostic serum proteomic model for the Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes of tuberculosis

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Chemotherapy is the mainstay of modern tuberculosis (TB) control. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) can enhance the effect of anti-TB drug, promote the absorption of the foci in the lung and reduce drug toxicity. In TCM, the determination of treatment is based on ZHENG (also called TCM syndrome). To establish a diagnostic model by using proteomics technology in order to identify potential biomarkers for TCM syndromes of TB.

Materials and methods

The surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometer (SELDI–TOF MS) combined with weak cation exchange (WCX) magnetic beads was used to screen serum samples from 71 cases of deficiency of lung yin syndrome (DLYS), 64 cases of fire (yang) excess yin deficiency syndrome (FEYDS) and 45 cases of deficiency of both qi and yin syndrome (DQYS). A classification model was established by Biomarker Pattern Software (BPS). Candidate protein biomarkers were purified by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatograph (RP-HPLC), identified by MALDI–TOF MS, LC–MS/MS and validated by ProteinChip Immunoassays.

Results

A total of 74 discriminating m/z peaks (P<0.001) among three TCM syndromes of TB were detected. A diagnostic model for the TCM syndrome of TB based on the five biomarkers (3961.7, 4679.7, 5646.4, 8891.2 and 9416.7 m/z) was established which could discriminate DLYS, FEYDS and DQYS patients with an accuracy of 74.0%, 72.5%, and 96.7%, respectively. The candidate biomarker with m/z of 9416.7 was identified as a fragment of apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) by MALDI–TOF-MS and LC–MS/MS.

Conclusion

The TCM syndrome diagnostic model of TB could successfully distinguish the three TCM syndromes of TB patients. This provided a biological basis for the determination of treatment based on different TCM syndromes of TB. ApoC-III was identified as a potential biomarker for TCM syndromes of TB and revealed the biochemical basis and pathogenesis of TCM syndromes in TB.     

中药配方颗粒辅料麦芽糊精的HPLC定量检测与中红外光谱半定量检测

目的 建立中药配方颗粒辅料麦芽糊精的检测方法,为中药配方颗粒质量评价提供分析技术支持。方法 建立配方颗粒中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖的HPLC定量检测方法,根据样品经糖化酶水解后的葡萄糖增加量换算出麦芽糊精含量。基于中药浸膏与麦芽糊精不同比例混合物的中红外光谱（mid-infrared spectroscopy,MIRS）特征峰差异,建立配方颗粒中麦芽糊精的半定量检测方法。结果 所建立的HPLC方法可以准确定量检测配方颗粒中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖。如果中药浸膏自身含有较多可经糖化酶水解产生葡萄糖的成分（淀粉、蔗糖等）,HPLC检测配方颗粒中麦芽糊精时存在系统性正误差,可通过中药浸膏酶解后葡萄糖增加量、待测样品酶解后蔗糖减小量等部分修正正误差。如果中药浸膏自身少含或不含淀粉、蔗糖等可经糖化酶水解产生葡萄糖的成分,HPLC检测配方颗粒中麦芽糊精时存在系统性负误差,换算公式偏差、麦芽糊精纯度、样品处理损失等导致根据样品酶解后葡萄糖增加量计算的麦芽糊精“检测含量”预期低于根据生产投料计算的麦芽糊精“名义含量”。麦芽糊精含量越高,配方颗粒MIRS中1200～900 cm-1区域的...     

ICP-AES法测定蒙药蓝盆花中的微量元素

目的:采用微波消解法处理蒙药蓝盆花样品,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱ICP-AES法测定其中Al,As,B,Ba,Cd,Co,Cu,Fe,Hg,In,Mn,Pb,Sr,Zn等14种微量元素的含量。方法:选择ICP仪器最佳测定条件为射频功率1.15 kW,载气流量1.2 L·min-1,冷却气流量15 L·min-1,辅助气流量0.5 L·min-1,积分时间30 s。结果:该方法检出限为0.000 2～0.006mg·L-1,回收率96.6%～110.6%,RSD<4.29%。结论:此法简便、快速、灵敏度高、准确性好,可对多种元素同时测定。     

Effects of processing technology on essential oil and pharmacological action of frankincense

Background:According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory,the common processing methods for Ruxiang(frankincense)include stir-frying processing and vinegar processing.Methods:With network pharmacology and thermal analysis methods,we selected and identified the main and irritating ingredients,established the pyrolysis characteristic parameters for identifying frankincense quality,quantified the starting and optimum temperature limits for processing frankincense,and analyzed the influences of processing adjuvants(vinegar)on combustion pyrolysis characteristics of frankincense.By applying Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry,high performance liquid chromatography,gas chromatography and UV-visible spectrometry,we evaluated the processing technology developed in our study of frankincense and its processed products.Results:Based on network pharmacology,we can find that the classical compounds of essential oil are the main pharmacodynamics components of frankincense possessing the anti-inflammatory,analgesia,anti-tumor,anti-ulcer and ant-inflammatory bowel disease effects.The pyrolysis combustion rate peaks of frankincense at 285.27±7.05℃and 476.99±13.46℃were the characteristic peaks used to identify frankincense quality.The specific temperature of slow-fire processing,including the vinegar processing and stir-frying processing,was 148.72±5.09℃.Heating for 5.67±0.98 min after reaching processing temperature was needed for processing frankincense with vinegar.The kinetics analysis showed that both frankincense and its vinegar mixture exhibited good linear relationships.The feasibility and practicability for our processing technology were verified through the determination of medicinal compounds by Fourier transformation infrared spectrometry,high performance liquid chromatography,gas chromatography and UV.Conclusion:Frankincense essential oils were the main active components of frankincense,which also can be taken as the internal chemical control indexes to judge the quality control and to optimize the processing technology of frankincense.The pyrolysis combustion rate peaks of frankincense at 285.27±7.05℃and 476.99±13.46℃were the characteristic peaks that can be used to identify frankincense quality.The optimum processing conditions of vinegar-processed frankincense with were as follows:with vinegar,20%;heating temperature,148.72±5.09℃;and heating time,5.67±0.98 min.Under these conditions,frankincense essential oil could cause a moderate effect on combustion pyrolysis characteristics to exert its corresponding pharmacological effects.     

抑郁症中医辨证特点及S-ET分析的临床研究

目的: 通过高级脑电神经递质分析(S-ET)系统脑功能检测,对抑郁症患者脑内5-羟色胺(5-HT),乙酰胆碱(Ach)、多巴胺(DA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、强抑制介质(INH)、强兴奋递质(EXC)功能变化检测,为抑郁症的诊断提供客观依据。 方法: 收集抑郁症患者244例,中医辨证分为5个证型,正常人为71例,进行脑功能S-ET检测。 结果: 抑郁症患者与正常人之间的S-ET存在差异,其5-HT,ACH,DA,NE,EXC神经递质均值低于正常人(P<0.05)。中医不同证型之间及其与正常人的S-ET均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。 结论: 抑郁症患者的脑功能S-ET表现与正常人不同,其发病机制并不是某神经递质功能的全部低下或者全部亢进。     

德尔菲法在中医临床证候应用中的系统评价＊

目的 系统评价德尔菲法在中医临床证候应用中的应用现状，为后续规范与完善证候研究方法提供参考。方法 计算机检索五大数据库关于中医临床证候研究中应用德尔菲法的研究，检索时限自建库至2021年6月1日，由两名研究人员独立进行文献筛选、质量评估和资料提取，对质量A级和B级的研究进行分析。结果 经过质量评价共纳入201篇文献，其中原始研究199篇，方法学研究9篇。研究方向包括候分布特点、证候诊断标准、单一证候研究、证候要素研究、证候变化规律等八类。192篇文献对德尔菲法具体实施进行报道。结论 中医临床证候研究中德尔菲法应用整体较为科学，但在证候研究细节实施尚有不足，有待形成符合中医证候特色的德尔菲法标准规范临床应用。     

Identification of medicinal plants used as Tibetan Traditional Medicine Jie-Ji

Aim of the study

Based on the authors’ collection of specimens used as Jie-Ji in local Tibetan areas, China, and taxonomic determination, this paper aims to give a list of medicinal plants as Jie-Ji, formally identify the ones recognized as Jie-Ji Ga-Bao or Jie-Ji Na-Bao and to offer basic data for further studies on these Tibetan herbs.

Materials and methods

Local herbalists were visited in Tibetan areas, China to observe which plants were being used as Jie-Ji. Samples of the indigenous plants were collected at the same time. Also, the medicinal plants as Jie-Ji were taxonomically identified.

Results

A list of medicinal plants including 10 species of Jie-Ji in local Tibetan areas is given, including their morphological pictures used for identification.

Conclusions

The origin of Jie-Ji is from 10 species of the Section Cruciata, Genus Gentiana (Gentianaceae). five species with dark blue flowers are used as Jie-Ji Na-Bao, the other five with white flowers are used as Jie-Ji Ga-Bao. Also, Gentiana macrophylla Pall. with dark blue flowers in the Section Cruciata, Genus Gentiana is not the original plant of Jie-Ji Na-Bao. The species endemic to the province are used as the original plants of Jie-Ji only in local Tibetan area of the province. Finally, the drug use of Jie-Ji in Traditional Tibetan Medicine is reasonable and it is efficacious.