去白细胞血液的制备与质控

目的：去除白细胞，减少输血性传播疾病的发生，降低输血反应的发生。方法：采用一次性去白细胞滤器，将采集合格全血中的白细胞去除。结果：过滤后白细胞的清除率为99．99％，红细胞的回收率为90％以上。结论：去除血液中的白细胞能使输血更加安全。     

去白细胞血制品在晚期恶性肿瘤患者的应用

目的：探讨白细胞滤除技术在肿瘤患者输血中的应用及疗效。方法：取24小时内采集的红细胞悬液,采用带滤器的3联袋在层流室内滤除白细胞,分别对反复输血晚期恶性肿瘤患者输注悬浮少白细胞红细胞（观察组）及未过滤悬浮红细胞（对照组）,观察2组输血反应率及输血疗效。结果：悬浮红细胞过滤后对白细胞的滤除率为99．9％,红细胞回收率为93．0％。2组输血疗效无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;观察组输血后发热反应率低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：白细胞过滤器能高效地滤除白细胞和血小板,能显著降低非溶血发热性输血反应、能有效防止输血性免疫抑制的发生。晚期恶性肿瘤患者需要输血时应选择输成分血,有条件的更应选择输少白细胞红细胞悬液。     

去除白细胞输血的临床意义

目的:评估去除白细胞输血的临床应用价值。方法:251例患者接受了去除白细胞红细胞悬液761U,(每人1￣8U不等),对其中200U红细胞悬液滤除白细胞前、后分别进行白细胞计数和血红蛋白测定,并对其输血反应进行了观察。结果:发现应用白细胞滤器后,其白细胞数比过滤前显著减低,过滤前、后白细胞数分别为(6.16±1.44)×109/L与(0.12±0.10)×109/L(P<0.01),血红蛋白过滤前、后无显著性差异,分别为:(161.58±23.31)g/L与(157.84±22.35)g/L,P>0.05。251例接受去白细胞受血者均未出现输血反应。结论:白细胞滤器能有效去除白细胞,去除白细胞能减少非溶血性输血反应。     

国产白细胞滤器使用情况的效果评价

目的：探讨目前国产的几种白细胞滤器在使用过程中的白细胞清除率、红细胞回收率及红细胞平均数指标的变化。方法：应用F-820血细胞计数仪和Nageotte计数法测定过滤前后血液中自细胞浓度、红细胞浓度及红细胞平均数指标MCV、MCH、MCHC,并计算出白细胞平均滤除率,红细胞回收率和过滤前后红细胞平均数指标MCV、MCH、MCHC的变化。结果：国产白细胞滤器白细胞平均滤除率99．72％;红细胞回收率87．29％;红细胞平均数指标过滤前后没有显著性变化。结论：国产白细胞滤器在试用过程中能够滤除绝大多数白细胞,但国产滤器的红细胞回收率还有待进一步提高。     

去除白细胞在临床输血中的应用现状

目的探讨应用白细胞过滤器对全血或SAGM（氯化钠-腺嘌呤-葡萄糖-甘露醇）悬浮红细胞进行白细胞去除,比较白细胞去除前后血液的质量及临床应用现状,预防非溶血性输血反应。方法将全血或悬浮红细胞使用白细胞过滤器去除白细胞,采用血细胞计数仪来分析白细胞去除和红细胞回收情况,并且比较去除白细胞组与未去除白细胞组发生的临床非溶血性输血反应率。结果在400ml全血或悬浮红细胞中白细胞去除率〉99％（99．26％～99．41％）,红细胞回收率〉90％（90．97％～92．32％）,血红蛋白回收率〉99％（99．62％～99．84％）血小板去除率〉38％（38．11％～39．89％）非溶血性输血反应发生率为0．35％,较未去白细胞组发生的非溶血性输血反应发生率4．1％明显降低,两者比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论经过去除白细胞的血液成分制品能显著降低非溶血性反应率、白细胞携带病毒相关疾病的传播、由HLA抗体引起同种免疫反应,真正满足了临床输血的需要。     

滤除白细胞血液的质量评价和临床疗效观察

目的探讨白细胞（WBC）滤器过滤悬浮红细胞（RBC）时对血液质量的影响及滤除WBC悬浮RBC的临床疗效。方法随机测定30份滤除WBC悬浮RBC血液的RBC回收率、血小板（PLT）过滤率、WBC滤除率、RBC渗透脆性，并统计分析临床患者输注滤除WBC血液后的输血反应发生率。结果采用WBC滤器过滤法RBC回收率为91．9％，PLT过滤率99．5％，WBC清除率99．96％，滤前和滤后比RBC渗透脆性无统计学差异（P〉0．05），临床患者输用滤除WBC血液后，非溶血性输血反应发生率显著减少（P〈0．01）。结论采用WBC滤器过滤血液后不影响RBC质量，滤除WBC和PLT效率高，能显著降低非溶血性输血反应的发生率，提高临床输血质量和输血安全，节约血液用量。     

白细胞过滤器的临床应用

目的研究白细胞过滤器过滤前后，供者血液有关参数的变化及临床输血反应的比较。方法取充分混匀的过滤前、后血袋内血样各3mL。分别用库尔特血细胞计数仪计数红细胞、血红蛋白、血小板，白细胞则用人工镜下计数，同时观察临床是否出现输血反应。计量资料采用配对t检验，计数资料采用x^2检验。同时计算出红细胞回收卒、白细胞去除率及血小板去除率，三者之间的相关性采用直线回归分析。结果过滤后白细胞去除率平均为98．4％，红细胞回收率平均为99．1％，血小板去除率平均为96.3％，过滤后血红蛋白过较滤前平均降0．94g／L。红细胞回收率与白细胞去除率、血小板去除率的相关系数r分别为0．173（P〉0．05）和0．139（P〉0．05），差异均无相关性。滤白细胞组与未滤白细胞组的输血反应率用x^2检验（x^2=76．1〉x0.012=6．63，P〈0．01），两者差异有显著性，前者明显低于后者。结论医院输血去除白细胞是安全输血的有效途经和措施，是防止医院输血后感染的科学性和实用性技术，应作为常规项目普遍运用。     

红细胞悬液使用白细胞过滤器的实验报告

目的 :滤除血液中的白细胞 ,防止输血反应。方法 :使用南京赛尔金BCL - 2 0 0型白细胞滤器 ,过滤储存前红细胞悬液中的白细胞 ,并比较过滤前后Hb、游离Hb、K 及红细胞渗透脆性。结果 :2 7份标本白细胞滤除率平均为 99.2 % ,红细胞回收率平均为 92 .4 % ,过滤前后Hb、游离Hb、K 及渗透脆性均无明显差异 ,而用此过滤器血小板亦去除 93.3%。结论 :从以上结果认为 ,白细胞过滤器可用于去除红细胞悬液中的白细胞 ,但不能用于浓缩血小板的白细胞去除。     

国产白细胞滤器过滤30份样本的结果分析

目的：验证国产白细胞滤器的过滤效果。方法：使用中国输血研究所研制的白细胞滤器，过滤两单位的红细胞悬液，检测过滤前后的白细胞数。红细胞渗透脆性，血浆游离血红蛋白，计算白细胞去除率。红细胞回收率。观察过滤后血液临床输注的不良反应。结果：该滤器的白细胞去除率平均为99.8%。红细胞回收率平均为93.4%。血浆游离血红蛋白无显著改变。红细胞渗透脆性无改变，未观察到临床不良反应。结论：该白细胞滤器白细胞去除率高，红细胞回收率高，对红细胞本身破坏小，操作简便，是一种较好的白细胞滤器，值得临床推广应用。     

白细胞滤器在机采血小板输注中的临床应用

摘要：目的：探讨白细胞滤除在肿瘤、血液病患者输血治疗中的作用,进一步证实白细胞过滤的临床应用价值。方法：回顾2005年~2007年我院肿瘤和血液病患者使用滤白机采血小板的情况,并通过发热性非溶血性输血反应率、血小板有效输注及24h校正血小板计数增加值（CCI）与未进行白细胞滤除的机采血小板输注相比较。结果：过滤机采血小板和未过滤机采血小板组发热性非溶血性输血反应（FNHTR）发生率存在显著性差异（P<0.05）;过滤机采血小板和未过滤机采血小板组的血小板输注有效率差异无显著性（P>0.05）,24hCCI值差异无显著性（P>0.05）。结论：白细胞滤器能有效地减少机采血小板的非溶血性输血反应,且不影响输注效果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.