局麻下超声引导经皮肾穿刺造瘘处理肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄

目的探讨局麻下超声引导经皮穿刺肾造瘘术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部(UPJ)狭窄的方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析采用局麻下超声引导经皮穿刺肾造瘘术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄35例,9例肾结石患者同时行微通道经皮输尿管短镜气压弹道取石术的临床资料与疗效分析。结果本组35例均顺利完成手术。术中、术后无大出血等并发症。术后随访6～9个月,彩超及影像学检查提示肾盂积水明显减轻或消失,狭窄段造影剂通过良好,治疗成功。结论应用局麻下超声引导经皮肾盂穿刺治疗肾盂输尿管连接部(UPJ)狭窄疗效确切、安全、微创。     

肾盂输尿管连接处狭窄的微创治疗探讨

目的 探讨微创治疗肾孟输尿管交界处狭窄(UPJO)的适应证选择、手术技巧及临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析钬激光顺逆行腔内切开、后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗52例UPJO的临床资料.腔内逆行治疗组14例,顺行治疗组25例,后腹腔镜肾孟成形组13例.结果 逆行腔内治疗组:手术时间30～60min,术后平均住院3 d(2～6)d;临床治愈12例,2例治疗失败者再次给予钬激光内腔内切开,1例随访8个月显示治疗成功,1例随访4个月,目前临床症状改善.顺行腔内治疗组:手术时间60～90 min,术后平均住院6(5～7)d;临床治愈21例,4例治疗失败者再次给予经皮肾微造瘘钬激光腔内切开,1例随访13个月显示治疗成功,3例分别随访4、6和9个月,目前临床症状改善.后腹腔镜治疗组:13例手术均获成功,手术时间120～200 mia,平均175min;出血量60～110mL,平均75mL.术后平均住院时间75 d(5～8 d).围手术期无并发症.随访3～19个月,UPJ吻合口无狭窄,肾积水、肾功能均得到改善.结论 只要适应证选择得当,微创治疗UPJO具有重要的临床价值.     

经皮肾穿刺造瘘处理肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的临床观察

目的观察经皮肾穿刺造瘘处理肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的临床疗效。方法选取2015年7月~2017年1月我院收治的肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄患者35例作为对象,按照治疗方式不同分为观察组和对照组,观察组18例采用经皮肾穿刺造瘘处理,对照组17例采用经尿道逆行输尿管镜肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄内切开术治疗,比较临床疗效。结果观察组手术耗时、术中出血量、住院时间优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组并发症发生率为5.56%,优于对照组并发症率为35.29%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组总有效率94.44%,优于对照组82.35%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用经皮肾穿刺造瘘处理肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄效果确切,能有效减少并发症发生,值得临床推广。     

微通道经皮肾穿刺造瘘在处理移植肾输尿管并发症中的应用(附9例报告)

目的 评价微通道经皮肾穿刺造瘘在处理移植肾输尿管并发症中的应用价值.方法 对5例移植肾输尿管尿瘘患者、2例移植肾输尿管狭窄患者及2例移植肾输尿管结石患者分别行微通道经皮肾穿刺造瘘,其中2例输尿管狭窄患者同期行DJ管置入术,2例输尿管结石患者行经皮肾镜碎石取石+DJ管置入术.待全身及局部情况改善后,根据影像检查结果决定是否行二期手术.结果 2例尿漏患者及1例输尿管狭窄患者经充分引流后治愈;1例尿瘘患者行二期移植肾输尿管与自体输尿管端端缝合术,2例尿漏及1例输尿管狭窄患者二期行移植肾输尿管膀胱再植术;输尿管结石患者拔除DJ管后未再出现输尿管梗阻表现.手术均取得成功,9例患者血肌酐水平出现不同程度的下降,随访4～ 79个月无复发.结论 微通道经皮肾穿刺造瘘处理移植肾输尿管并发症安全有效,可避免开放手术或为开放手术提供一个有利的手术时机.     

小儿先天性肾积水30例的手术治疗

目的:探讨小儿先天性肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄所致肾积水的手术治疗方法.方法:对25例轻、中度肾积水,肾功能未见明显损害者行离断性肾盂成形术;对3例重度肾积水伴肾功能损害者,先行肾造瘘术3个月后再行离断性肾盂成形术;对2例重度肾积水、广泛肾实质菲薄,术前检查提示无肾功能者行肾切除术.结果:行离断性肾盂成形术的25例及先行肾造瘘术3个月后再行离断性肾盂成形术的3例手术均成功;行肾切除术的2例术后恢复良好.结论:先天性肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄致肾积水患儿可根据肾积水及肾功能情况分别选用离断性肾盂成形术、先行肾造瘘术再行离断性肾盂成形术、肾切除术治疗.     

经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜取石术治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石

目的评价经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜取石术治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石疗效。方法采用经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜取石术治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石患者32例，统计手术时间，结石清除率，并发症等情况。结果本组平均手术时间50min，一期的结石清除率100％，无严重并发症等情况。结论经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜取石术治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石安全有效。     

超声引导下经皮肾造瘘的临床价值探讨

目的 探讨超声引导经皮肾造瘘对改善肾后性梗阻患者肾功能的临床价值；方法 45例患者(64个肾脏)在超声引导下，采用Seldinger法蒋导昔放置于扩张的肾盂内，引流溅压。结果 15例患者，61个肾脏(95．3%)一次穿刺成功，置管后肾功能明显改善一无严重并发症发生。结论 超声引导下经皮肾造瘘安全、有效，并发症少，对改善肾后梗阻引起的肾功能衰竭具有非常重要的临床意义。     

超声引导下经皮肾造瘘在肾积水治疗中的应用价值

目的 探讨超声引导下经皮穿刺肾造瘘术（PCN）治疗肾积水的临床意义.方法 超声引导下对72例肾积水患者行PCN治疗,其中15例患者行双侧PCN,对PCN的临床疗效及并发症进行观察分析.结果 72例患者共87侧肾置管全部成功,成功率100%;随访至8周,70例患者肾功能在1周内得到恢复,无严重并发症发生.结论 超声引导下经皮肾造瘘能够改善肾功能,是一项安全、有效、并发症少的治疗方法.     

离断性肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄

目的 探讨肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的手术治疗方法和临床疗效。方法 采用离断性肾盂成形（Anderson-Hynes术）治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄46例，常规采用双J管作支架内引流或贤，输尿管造瘘，术后4-6wk拔除双J管或肾，输尿管造瘘管，3mo行静脉尿路造影复查，结果 1次手术成功45例，2次手术成功1例，经3mo-3a随访，患肾积水好转，吻合口通畅，远期疗效好。结论 肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄，手术方法以离断性肾盂成形术为首选，双J管能起到引流通畅及内支架作用；儿童患仍需采用输尿管内支架及舍肾造瘘引流。     

双镜顺逆结合法输尿管支架置入治疗医源性输尿管瘘13例

目的：探讨双镜顺逆结合法输尿管支架置入术治疗医源性输尿管瘘的临床效果。方法对2006年5月—2013年1月我院收治的13例医源性输尿管瘘行双镜顺逆结合法输尿管支架置入术,手术方法：先经皮肾穿刺微造瘘,留置可撕开鞘,置入输尿管镜寻及肾盂输尿管出口后顺行置入泥鳅导丝,导丝引导下置入肾造瘘管;改截石位,输尿管镜逆行进入梗阻段输尿管,将导丝拉出体外并留置输尿管支架。结果13例均成功置入输尿管支架,平均手术时间76(49~132)min,术中失血量<25 ml,术后6~72 h 漏尿停止。术后3个月更换输尿管支架并拔出肾造瘘管,12个月拔出输尿管支架复查静脉肾盂造影,患侧肾显影良好,输尿管通畅。1例造影示输尿管狭窄经输尿管镜下扩张术恢复正常。随访15~36个月,无并发症发生。结论盆腹腔手术尤其是腹腔镜或输尿管镜手术易造成医源性输尿管瘘,双镜顺逆结合法输尿管支架置入术治疗输尿管瘘操作简单、微创、安全性好、成功率高,并可避免二次开放手术。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.