腹部手术后早期炎性肠梗阻的治疗

目的 探讨术后早期炎性肠梗阻的特点及治疗原则。方法 回顾性分析近期经治的术后早期炎性肠梗阻 9例。结果 1例患者经手术治疗,分离粘连时引起多发性肠破裂、肠瘘,后经保守治疗治愈; 8例患者均经胃肠减压、抗炎、应用生长抑素等保守治疗治愈,平均治愈时间为 21. 5 d,无 1例肠坏死。结论 术后早期炎性肠梗阻的特点： (1)发生于腹部手术后早期,虽有机械性因素,但大多都是腹腔内炎症所致广泛粘连引起; (2)症状以腹胀为主,腹痛相对轻,部分患者有少量肛门排气排便,体征虽典型,但较少发生绞窄; (3)保守治疗大都有效,治疗上最好先予以生长抑素为主的保守治疗,应严密观察,如出现肠坏死、腹膜炎征象时则再及时中转手术。     

Enteroscopic treatment of early postoperative small bowel obstruction

Background: Early postoperative small bowel obstruction (EPSBO) occurs in 1% of patients undergoing laparotomy and has a mortality rate exceeding 17%. Nasogastric (NG) decompression is successful in avoiding reoperation in 73% of patients. Repeat laparotomy has been recommended when obstruction does not resolve after 14 days of NG decompression. We report four patients with EPSBO treated successfully with push enteroscopy after failed NG decompression. Methods: Four patients who failed NG decompression underwent push enteroscopy instead of repeat laparotomy. EPSBO was diagnosed if obstruction lasting more than 14 days developed after initial resolution of postoperative ileus, high NG output persisted postoperatively for 21 days in the absence of sepsis, or radiographic signs of obstruction persisted. Small bowel series or computed tomography were utilized when radiographic assessment was necessary. The Olympus SIF 100 push enteroscope was introduced with an overtube using topical anesthesia and intravenous sedation. After maximal insertion, the enteroscope was withdrawn without evacuation of insufflated air. NG tubes were placed after enteroscopy and patients were followed clinically. Flatus, defecation, and tolerance of a general diet defined resolution of EPSBO. Results: EPSBO resolved 24 to 36 h following enteroscopy, and all patients were discharged on general diets 48 h after return of bowel function. Readmission has not been necessary during 18- to 30-month follow-up. Conclusions: Our experience suggests that push enteroscopy is successful in treating EPSBO and should be considered prior to reoperation. Push enteroscopy may eliminate the hazards of repeat laparotomy and reduce the morbidity, treatment cost, and lengthy hospital stays associated with this uncommon surgical complication.     

腹部手术后早期炎性肠梗阻的处理

目的腹部手术后早期发生的肠梗阻原因较复杂,处理亦较困难,尤其是炎性肠梗阻,既有麻痹性因素,亦有机械性因素,使外科医师的医疗决策难以取舍,如是否需要手术、手术的时机、以及手术可能造成的并发症等均值得探讨。我科自1987年至1996年12月共收治了重型术后炎性肠梗阻48例,40例(83.3%)经非手术治疗痊愈;7例(14.6%)于症状消退后择期手术治疗并存症后治愈,1例2.1%死亡,临床非手术治疗时间为9～58天,平均27.6±10天,取得较满意的结果,为这种类型的肠梗阻治疗提供了一些经验。     

术后早期炎性肠梗阻的临床分析

目的探讨术后早期炎性肠梗阻的诊断和治疗措施。方法回顾性分析我院1996年1月至2006年1月收治的61例术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者的临床资料。结果54例患者经保守治疗痊愈，平均住院时间10．2d。7例手术治疗后痊愈，其中4例因保守治疗时出现绞窄性肠梗阻而手术，3例保守治疗40d无效而手术。结论术后早期炎性肠梗阻应以保守治疗为主，胃肠外营养及生长抑素的应用具有较佳的疗效。     

营养支持在术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗中的应用

目的　探讨术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗中营养支持及生长抑素和肾上腺皮质激素的应用价值及经验。方法　回顾性总结我院 1 987年 1 2月～ 2 0 0 3年 1 2月间 1 1 7例术后早期炎性肠梗阻病人的营养支持、生长抑素和肾上腺皮质激素的应用情况及疗效。结果　 1 1 7例中有 1 1 6例治愈 ,平均治疗时间 2 8.71± 1 2 .1 6d。全组病人无一例在治疗过程中出现营养状况恶化。 1 0例早期肠内营养的病人中有 9例耐受良好。结论　非手术治疗方案是治疗炎性肠梗阻安全、有效的方法 ;营养支持、生长抑素及肾上腺皮质激素对于控制症状、改善病程具有重要作用     

Early postoperative small bowel obstruction

BACKGROUND: Early postoperative small bowel obstruction (EPSBO) is a distinct clinical entity that is often difficult to differentiate from postoperative ileus. METHODS: A literature search was performed for articles dealing with early postoperative small bowel obstruction using Medline and Google. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When bowel function does not return within 5 days after surgery, causes of persistent ileus should be excluded and treated. Most instances of mechanical EPSBO can be treated expectantly for at least 10-14 days with almost no risk of bowel strangulation. Some causes of obstruction (for example herniation at a laparoscopic trocar site) require early reintervention, whereas in other cases (such as radiation enteritis, carcinomatosis) reintervention may be deferred indefinitely. Many episodes of EPSBO resolve without the cause being elucidated.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期肠梗阻的治疗

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期肠梗阻的特点及治疗原则。方法回顾性分析我院1996年~2005年收治的腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期肠梗阻5例的临床资料。结果本组5例经胃肠减压、抗感染、应用生长抑素等治疗后均治愈。平均治疗时间6.6 d。无肠坏死发生。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期肠梗阻临床少见,除外胆漏、套管孔疝等情况,保守治疗效果明显,可避免再次手术。     

术后早期肠梗阻的诊断与治疗

目的　探讨术后早期肠梗阻的特点、诊断和治疗。方法　回顾性分析我院 1995年 6月至 2 0 0 1年 12月收治的术后早期肠梗阻 8例的诊治经过。结果　本组 8例经胃肠减压、生长抑素、肾上腺皮质激素、中药等治疗治愈 ,平均治愈时间 18d ,无一例肠坏死。结论　术后早期肠梗阻常发生在术后 1周左右 ,应首选保守治疗     

术后早期炎性肠梗阻的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨术后早期炎性肠梗阻的特点和诊断、治疗原则。方法：分析近年治疗的术后早期炎性肠梗阻68例的临床资料。结果：23例行手术治疗者，术后发生肠瘘16例（69.6%），死亡4例（17.4%）。45例经非手术疗法治愈，平均治愈时间13.6d，无1例再手术。结论：术后早期炎性肠梗阻多发生在术后1-2周，可表现为典型的肠梗阻体征，治疗应首先采取保守疗法。     

肠梗阻导管在腹部术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗中的应用

目的探讨经鼻型肠梗阻导管在腹部术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗中的作用。方法对我院2004年6月至2006年6月期间40例腹部术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者,随机分成经鼻型肠梗阻导管组和鼻胃管组。观察腹胀改善情况(腹围)、胃肠减压量、腹部X线平片、气液平面消失时间等指标,对结果进行分析比较。结果经鼻型肠梗阻导管组患者的胃肠减压量(1021.2±265.4)ml/d较鼻胃管组(642.5±325.4)ml/d明显增多,且腹围(15.2±5.5)cm减少较鼻胃管组的(5.7±3.6)cm更明显,气液平面消失时间(10.3±8.5)d较鼻胃管组的(15.6±11.7)d明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经鼻型肠梗阻导管能更有效胃肠减压,减轻腹胀,促进肠蠕动,治疗腹部术后早期炎性肠梗阻作用显著。     

胃肠道肿瘤术后早期炎性肠梗阻的诊治(附18例报道)

目的 探讨胃肠道肿瘤术后早期炎性肠梗阻的临床特点、诊断和治疗措施.方法 回顾性分析18例胃肠道肿瘤术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者的临床资料.结果 18例患者,其中1例症状缓解后再次梗阻,均经非手术治疗痊愈,恢复时间为12～37d,平均15d,均无肠瘘、肠坏死和腹腔严重感染等并发症发生.结论 CT有利于鉴别诊断胃肠道肿瘤术后早期炎性肠梗阻,确诊后应采取非手术治疗,疗效良好.     

施他宁在术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗中的应用

目的探讨施他宁在术后早期炎性肠梗阻中的治疗作用。方法对我院2002年10月至2005年5月期间63例术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者,双盲法应用超过2 d的施他宁治疗,随机分为施他宁 常规治疗组(治疗组,33例)和常规治疗组(对照组,30例),观察临床症状、胃肠减压量、腹部平片、明确肠梗阻后的平均住院时间等各项指标,对结果分别进行对比。结果施他宁组较常规治疗组腹胀均有不同程度的缓解,腹部平片显示液平面明显减少、变小。施他宁组患者的胃肠减压量(525.7±292.5)ml/d较常规治疗组(895.6±351.4)ml/d明显减少,且平均住院时间(13.3±8.5)d较常规治疗组(20.6±11.7)d明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论施他宁能抑制消化道内液分泌、缓解扩张、促进肠蠕动,对治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻有明显作用。     

尼古丁对腹部术后早期炎性肠梗阻的治疗作用

目的 探讨尼古丁对腹部术后早期炎性肠梗阻的治疗作用.方法 将45例术后早期炎性肠梗阻的病人随机分为两组,对照组(26例)给予常规保守治疗加无尼古丁贴片;研究组(19例)在常规治疗基础上给予尼古丁贴片(21 mg/片),每日更换一次贴片,应用至治愈或最长至7d.结果 研究组与对照组在腹痛缓解时间[(4.3±1.2)d与(5.3±1.4)d]、腹胀缓解时间[(3.7±1.5)d与(4.9±2.2)d]、肠鸣音恢复时间[(3.2±1.3)d与(4.4±1.7)d]、肛门排气时间[(4.5±1.2)d与(6.2±1.8)d]、治疗至出院时间[(7.3±2.6)d与(9.5±3.7)d]等方面相比均较短且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);研究组与对照组的治愈率、总有效率相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 尼古丁用于腹部术后早期炎性肠梗阻的治疗中可促进症状缓解、加快梗阻解除,缩短疗程,但对于治愈率未有显著提高.     

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1　术后早期炎性肠梗阻的定义腹部手术后并发的肠梗阻有多种类型 ,并且术后不同时期所发生的肠梗阻原因也不相同。术后早期炎性肠梗阻(ｅａｒｌｙｐｏｓｔｏｐｅｒａｔｉｖｅｉｎｆｌａｍｍａｔｏｒｙｉｌｅｕｓ ,ＥＰＩＩ)发生在腹部手术后早期 ,系指由于腹部手术创伤或腹腔内炎症等原因导致肠壁水肿和渗出 ,形成的一种机械性与动力性同时存在的粘连性肠梗阻 ,腹部手术创伤指广泛分离肠管粘连、长时间的肠管暴露以及其它由于手术操作所造成的肠管损伤。腹腔内炎症指无菌性炎症 ,如腹腔内积血、积液或其它能够导致腹腔内无菌性炎症物质的残…     

Early postoperative small bowel obstruction.

The hospital records of 41 patients with a diagnosis of early postoperative small bowel obstruction were reviewed in an attempt to identify criteria which could be used to separate those patients who would require an operation to resolve their obstruction, from those who would resolve with nonoperative therapy. The usual symptoms, signs and roentgenologic changes seen with mechanical bowel obstruction were not useful discriminants in making such a determination. All patients were initially treated nonoperatively with intestinal intubation, antibiotics and parenteral fluids. Thirty patients resolved without an operation and 11 required an operation. There was one death in the latter group, an overall mortality of 2.4%. Initial nonoperative therapy is warranted in such patients.     

外伤性脾脏切除术后早期炎性肠梗阻诊治

目的 探讨外伤性脾脏切除术后早期炎性肠梗阻致病的相关因素、临床表现、治疗方法及并发症的预防.方法 回顾性分析我院2006年1月至2014年1月外伤性脾脏切除术后早期炎性肠梗阻32例病人的临床资料.结果 非手术治疗痊愈30例,随访1～3年,其中1例1年后因粘连性肠梗阻再次手术治疗,术后病人痊愈;手术治疗2例,其中1例术后因肠瘘引起严重感染而死亡,另1例术中行小肠造瘘,半年后再次手术后痊愈.结论 外伤性脾脏切除术后早期炎性肠梗阻的发生与外伤时间、术中肠管暴露时间及有无合并其他脏器损伤有关,治疗以非手术治疗为主,但同时要与机械性肠梗阻相鉴别,以避免不必要的再次手术带来的严重并发症.     

生长抑素(施他宁)在结直肠术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗中的应用

目的:探讨生长抑素(施他宁)在结直肠术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗中的作用。方法:将2002年2月至2006年10月期间29例结直肠术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者,随机分为生长抑素加常规治疗组(治疗组,15例)和常规治疗组(对照组,14例),观察两组病例治疗前后临床症状、体征、胃肠减压量、腹部平片、腹部CT、实验室检查及明确肠梗阻后的平均住院时间等各项指标,对结果分别进行对比。结果:治疗组肛门排气时间、腹胀症状消失时间较对照组提前,胃肠引流量减少,红细胞比容接近正常,平均住院时间明显缩短,两组患者的影像学检查均得到改善。结论:生长抑素能抑制消化道内液分泌,减轻肠壁水肿,缓解扩张,促进肠蠕动,对治疗结直肠术后早期炎性肠梗阻有明显作用。     

The management of patients with suspected early postoperative small bowel obstruction.

A 10-year review of 101 patients sustaining an early postoperative small bowel obstruction within 30 days of celiotomy was carried out. Signs, symptoms, lab tests, and x-rays did not indicate which patients required operation. Twenty-three patients were operated on for either failure to resolve their obstruction or because it was feared that ischemic bowel was present. In none of these patients, nor the 78 patients who resolved without reoperation, did dead bowel occur. Early postoperative small bowel obstruction was most often due to adhesions and inflammatory processes. Seven patients died (6.9%), three in the operated and four in the nonoperated group. Because ischemic bowel is very unlikely in patients with early postoperative small bowel obstruction, we advise 10 to 14 days of nasogastric suction initially; after this, improvement is unlikely without reoperation.