阿加曲班治疗急性缺血性卒中的临床应用

阿加曲班是一种直接凝血酶抑制剂,具有起效较快、作用时间短、出血倾向小、无免疫源性等优点,能够有效阻止血栓进展,防止继发微血栓形成。国内外多项研究证实,阿加曲班能有效改善急性缺血性卒中患者的神经系统症状和日常活动能力,且对急性动脉粥样硬化性卒中和心源性卒中均有治疗作用,此外,阿加曲班与阿司匹林、奥扎格雷等抗血小板药物以及肝素相比疗效更显著,具有较高的安全性,同时由于作用机制不同,阿加曲班与阿司匹林、氯吡格雷等抗血小板药物、重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA)联合治疗可能发挥协同作用。本文就阿加曲班在急性缺血性卒中的临床应用做一系统性综述。     

阿加曲班联合氯吡格雷治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的观察阿加曲班联合氯吡格雷治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效及安全性。方法将80例急性脑梗死患者按随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组各40例;治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用阿加曲班联合氯吡格雷,对照组在常规治疗的基础上加用氯吡格雷;2组在治疗前和治疗后14 d进行神经功能缺损评定和疗效评定,并监测凝血功能等指标变化及治疗期间不良反应。结果治疗后14 d 2组患者神经功能缺损评分较治疗前均有改善(P均0.01),治疗组神经功能缺损评分明显低于对照组(P0.01);治疗组患者神经功能缺损评分减少值明显高于对照组(P0.01)。2组均无明显不良反应。结论阿加曲班联合氯吡格雷治疗急性脑梗死的疗效较好,安全性较高。     

脉络膜前动脉区梗死的临床分析

目的探讨脉络膜前动脉区梗死的病因、临床特点。方法回顾性分析了22例CT证实的脉络膜前动脉梗死，针对病因进行CT、MRI、CTA及超声心动等检查，并对临床特点进行分析。结果22例患者中，未发现1例具有“三偏”症状，偏侧无力是最常见的症状。16例以TIA为前驱症状，尤其是上升型TIA。长期高血压、吸烟导致的小动脉病变是此类梗死的常见原因。结论脉络膜前动脉区梗死临床表现多样，典型的三偏症状少见，熟悉其临床特点，同时结合影像学检查是获得准确诊断的关键。     

阿加曲班治疗进展性脑梗死疗效观察

目的观察阿加曲班治疗进展性脑梗死的疗效及对血液流变学的影响。方法将48例进展性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各24例,对照组给予奥扎格雷钠治疗,治疗组给予阿加曲班治疗,于治疗前、治疗后3、7、14d对患者进行神经功能缺损程度评分并评价其临床疗效,监测患者给药前及治疗后第14d血液流变学指标。结果治疗组神经功能缺损程度在短期内明显改善,与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);治疗组14d总有效率83.33%,明显高于对照组70.83%(P<0.05);与对照组比较,治疗组全血粘度、血浆粘度和纤维蛋白原改善更明显。结论阿加曲班治疗进展性脑梗死安全、有效,能明显改善患者的血液流变学指标。     

阿加曲班治疗急性进展性脑梗死的临床观察

目的 探讨阿加曲班治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效及其可能的作用机制.方法 56例急性进展性脑梗死患者随机分为阿加曲班治疗组（治疗组,26 例）和常规治疗组（对照组,30 例）.治疗组给予静脉滴注阿加曲班,开始2 d内60 mg/d,持续静脉滴注,其后的5 d内 20 mg/d,早晚各1次,7 d后给予拜阿司匹林、奥扎格雷钠、依达拉奉等治疗.对照组不用阿加曲班,其他同治疗组.两组患者在治疗前与治疗后14 d进行NIHSS评分,并监测凝血功能等指标变化及治疗期间不良反应.结果治疗后14 d两组患者神经功能缺损评分较治疗前均有改善（P均＜0.01）,治疗组神经功能缺损评分明显低于对照组（P＜0.01）;治疗组患者神经功能缺损评分减少值明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）.两组均无明显不良反应.结论 急性进展性脑梗死应用阿加曲班治疗安全、有效.     

阿加曲班联合银杏达莫治疗急性脑梗死的疗效分析

<正>急性脑梗死在老年人群中常见,病死率及致残率均高,治疗时间窗较窄,时刻危及生命,所以在临床治疗以溶栓治疗为主。凝血酶抑制剂阿加曲班已被证实可改善患者的脑神经功能[1],而银杏达莫则是一种银杏叶提取物质,已被广泛应用于脑血管、心血管疾病的治疗,本文探讨两种药物联合治疗急性脑梗死效果,现报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料选取我院2011-01—2013-02收治的120例急性脑梗死患者,所有患者均符合全国脑血管疾病会议制定     

阿加曲班治疗急性脑梗死患者的疗效及对血清和肽素N末端脑钠肽前体的影响

目的探讨阿加曲班治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及对血清和肽素(CPP)、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)的影响。方法抽取2015-01—2016-03我院72例急性脑梗死患者,根据用药方案不同分为对照组(n=36)和研究组(n=36)。对照组采用奥扎格雷钠治疗,研究组采用阿加曲班治疗。对比治疗前后2组神经功能(NIHSS)及日常生活活动能力(BI)评分、CPP与NT-proBNP水平变化情况,并统计2组临床疗效。结果治疗前2组NIHSS评分及BI指数评分、CPP与NT-proBNP水平无明显差异(P0.05),治疗后研究组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组治疗有效率(94.44%)高于对照组(75.00%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论阿加曲班治疗急性脑梗死效果显著,可有效降低血清和肽素及N末端脑钠肽前体水平,改善患者神经功能及日常生活活动能力,值得推广。     

阿加曲班联合阿司匹林治疗急性脑梗死的研究进展

脑梗死又称缺血性卒中,是急性脑血管病中最常见的类型.因具有发生率较高及预后较差的特点,其治疗成为临床关注的热点.脑梗死现有治疗方法包括溶栓治疗、抗血小板聚集治疗、抗凝治疗等,而对于急性期患者,因传统抗凝药物导致的高出血风险,使是否立即应用抗凝药物一直存有争议.阿加曲班作为一种新型凝血酶抑制剂,起效迅速,出血倾向低.本文...     

急性颅内前循环脑梗死患者机械取栓术后应用阿加曲班的安全性和有效性观察研究

目的 观察急性颅内前循环脑梗死患者机械取栓术(MT)后应用阿加曲班的安全性及有效性。方法 选取2020年1月至2021年9月收治的84例急性颅内前循环脑梗死后实施MT的患者,随机分为阿加曲班组(42例)和对照组(42例)。对照组患者在MT后给予标准化治疗,阿加曲班组在MT后常规标准化治疗基础上加用阿加曲班。比较两组患者美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分,血管再闭塞率,以及出血、死亡等不良事件发生率。结果 阿加曲班组患者7 d、90 d的NIHSS评分和90 d mRS评分均优于对照组,两组间比较(P<0.05)。同时阿加曲班组的血管再闭塞率明显低于对照组(P<0.05),而颅内出血、脑梗死出血转化等并发症两组间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 阿加曲班可以显著改善急性颅内前循环脑梗死患者MT后神经功能缺损症状,降低再闭塞率,提高3个月生活能力,同时不增加出血、死亡等不良事件风险。     

阿加曲班联合双抗治疗穿支动脉病变型脑梗死的疗效及安全性评价

目的观察阿加曲班联合阿司匹林+氯吡格雷治疗穿支动脉病变型脑梗死的临床疗效及安全性。方法选取2014-02—2020-02太原市中心医院神经内科收治的诊断为穿支动脉病变型脑梗死患者78例。按随机原则分为常规组(n=39)和研究组(n=39),常规组给予阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷药物治疗,研究组在常规药物治疗基础上加用阿加曲班注射液10 mg,2次/d,疗程2周。2组均双抗3周后改为单抗阿司匹林长期服用。观察治疗前及治疗7 d和14 d后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及3个月后改良的Rankin量表(mRS)评分,记录相关出血事件。结果研究组与常规组治疗前NIHSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组治疗7 d、14 d后NIHSS评分较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),而常规组治疗14 d后才显示出明显改善(P<0.05);治疗后研究组NIHSS评分显著低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。出血事件发生率研究组10.25%,常规组7.69%,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗3个月后研究组临床总有效率92.30%,显著高于常规组的79.48%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论阿加曲班可明显改善穿支动脉型脑梗死急性期的神经功能恶化,并改善远期预后,且不增加出血风险。     

脉络膜前动脉动脉瘤的外科治疗进展

脉络膜前动脉动脉瘤(AChAA)是一种发生在脉络膜前动脉(AChA)及其与颈内动脉交界处的动脉瘤。AChAA的发生与发展受多种先天及后天因素影响,但其具体病因与流行病学特征缺少可靠的统计学证据。只依靠临床表现和一般检查无法确诊AChAA,需要影像学检查如CT血管造影、磁共振血管成像或数字减影血管造影证据。目前国际上对于有破裂风险的AChAA广泛采用开颅夹闭手术或血管内治疗,但是关于两种方式的治疗效果、并发症发生率以及预后仍存在争议。     

脉络膜前动脉微小动脉瘤的介入治疗

目的 评价脉络膜前动脉微小动脉瘤介入治疗的效果.方法 回顾分析介入治疗的12例共12枚脉络膜前动脉微小动脉瘤.其中9枚为破裂动脉瘤;10枚动脉瘤脉络膜前动脉起自瘤颈.结果 单纯弹簧圈栓寨6枚,支架辅助栓塞4枚,球囊辅助栓塞1枚;另外单纯支架治疗1枚.除该枚动脉瘤外,2枚致密栓塞,4枚瘤颈残留,5枚不完全栓塞.2例术后发生脉络膜前动脉综合征,其中1例为一过性.1例发生术中出血.9例获得造影随访,3枚动脉瘤保持稳定,3枚进一步闭塞,2枚瘤颈愈合;1枚复发,但无需再治疗.结论 介入治疗脉络膜前动脉微小动脉瘤是安全可行的,支架有利于保持脉络膜前动脉通畅并促进动脉瘤愈合.     

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and ipsilateral infarction in the territory of the anterior choroidal artery

We report a further case of retarded contralateral hemiplegia syndrome after herpes zoster ophthalmicus in which the motor deficit was caused by an ischemic infarction in the territory supplied by the anterior choroidal artery. We discuss the clinical and physiopathogenetic features of the case and consider the computed tomographic and neurological patterns of anterior choroidal infarction.

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Sommario Gli autori riferiscono di una nuova osservazione della sindrome di emiplegia controlaterale ritardata complicante l'herpes zoster oftalmico, il cui deficit motorio fu causato da un'infarto ischemico nel territorio di irrorazione dell'arteria corioidea anteriore. Vengono discussi gli aspetti clinici e fisiopatogenetici del caso, e considerati quelli tomografici e neurologici degli infarti dell'arteria corioidea anteriore.

     

脉络膜前动脉动脉瘤的外科治疗分析

目的 探讨脉络膜前动脉动脉瘤的手术方法及其疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2021年5月外科治疗的88例脉络膜前动脉动脉瘤的临床资料,其中58例接受开颅夹闭术（夹闭组）,30例接受血管内栓塞治疗（栓塞组）。出院时、出院6个月采用改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分评估预后,0~2分为预后良好,3~5分为预后不良。结果 夹闭组术后复查CT未发现动脉瘤再出血,复查CTA或DSA均未见动脉瘤显影;术后发生颅内感染7例、肺部感染38例、脑积水5例、脉络膜前动脉供血区脑梗死11例;出院时预后良好51例（87.9%）,预后不良7例;出院6个月,预后良好50例（86.2%）,预后不良8例。栓塞组1例术后即刻DSA显示瘤颈少许残留,6个月复查DSA发现瘤颈压缩,采用支架辅助栓塞,其余动脉瘤均致密栓塞;术后发生肺部感染5例、脑积水1例、脉络膜前动脉供血区脑梗死1例;出院时预后良好26例（86.7%）,预后不良4例;出院6个月,预后良好29例（96.7%）,预后不良1例。出院后6个月CTA或DSA复查显示88例动脉瘤均无复发。结论 对于脉络膜前动脉动脉瘤,开颅夹闭术和血管内栓塞治疗都是的有效方法,合理选择手术方案和预防并发症是改善病人预后的关键。     

脉络膜前动脉动脉瘤治疗相关缺血性风险及治疗策略

脉络膜前动脉动脉瘤为罕见的颅内动脉瘤,其发病率占所有颅内动脉瘤的2%~5%。因脉络膜前动脉细小且缺乏有效侧枝代偿,在治疗时容易引起脉络膜前动脉损伤缺血,从而导致脉络膜前动脉综合征。目前学者们发表了大量关于脉络膜前动脉动脉瘤手术治疗及血管内治疗的文献,但仍然缺少相关综述性文章,本文对脉络膜前动脉动脉瘤治疗相关的缺血风险及治疗策略综述如下。     

An evaluation of cognitive disorders after anterior choroidal artery infarction

Anterior choroidal artery infarction (AChAI) can be the source of aphasia and spatial neglect, but we have no idea of the other possible cognitive disorders. Here, we investigated these disorders in a relatively large cohort of AChAI patients. Twenty patients with relatively recent infarction (left side: 13; mean delay = 47.4 days; 10 men; mean age = 59.6; mean education level, EL = 10.3) were included. We assessed nonspatial attention (alertness, Go Nogo, divided attention and visual vigilance from the computerized test TEA), spatial attention (bell test), language (BDAE) orientation (time, place), short-term memory (forward and backward digit spans, spatial span), executive functioning (WCST, TMT A and B, categorial evocation), delayed memory (Buschke verbal test, Rey figure test), and retrograde memory (questionnaire on famous events). The performance level was compared with that of 20 control subjects matched in age and EL. AChAI patients were impaired in several tests of attention (slowness, increase in omission and error rate), executive functioning (TMT B; categorical evocation) and delayed memory. Conversely, we found preservation of spatial attention, language, orientation, short-term memory, WCST, and retrograde memory. In conclusion, at the secondary phase post-stroke, these patients can present with moderate disorders of attention, memory and executive functioning, which are clearly less severe than what is usually observed following thalamic or cortical lesions.     

Anterior choroidal artery infarction: a clinical, etiologic and prognostic study

Objectives –  To analyze the clinical, etiologic and prognostic profile of anterior choroidal artery (AChA) infarcts.
Methods –  42 consecutive patients with AChA infarction were included. Symptoms, etiology and scores on neurological and functional scales were analyzed on admission, discharge and at 3-month follow-up. A comparative study was performed between deep ( n  = 23) and deep + superficial ( n  = 19) infarcts.
Results –  Lacunar syndrome was present in 83.3% of patients. Etiology was large-vessel disease in 38.1% and cryptogenic in 38.1%. Ten patients had a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score >7 on admission. At discharge, 45.3% had an modified Rankin Scale >2 (35.7% after 3 months). Infarcts involving superficial territory were more severe at admission ( P  = 0.034) and were associated with a worse functional status at discharge ( P  = 0.0008).
Conclusion –  AChA infarcts usually present with lacunar syndrome, although they are often not lacunar infarcts. At discharge, almost half of the patients are dependent in their activities of daily living, and most remain so at 3-month follow-up. Infarcts involving superficial territory are associated with worse prognosis.     

Systemic atherosclerosis in patients with perforating artery territorial infarction

Background: Perforating artery territorial infarction (PAI) is usually a small artery disease (SAD). However, it may also result from branch artery occlusion or arterial embolism from the proximal atherosclerotic lesions. We hypothesized that patients with PAI caused by a SAD may have a distinct pattern of systemic artery involvement from those with PAI caused by large artery diseases. Methods: We investigated retrospectively 329 consecutive patients with PAI who had angiographic studies. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of atherosclerosis in the parent artery or relevant artery: no arterial lesion (NAL), relevant artery atherosclerosis (RAA) and parent artery atherosclerosis (PAA). The relevant artery was defined as any artery which can cause index stroke. The parent artery was defined as an original artery that branches out and forms small artery which was responsible for index PAI. Systemic evidence of atherosclerosis and risk factors were compared. Results: Of the 329 patients with PAI, 109 had RAA, 45 had PAA and 175 had neither RAA nor PAA. There were no differences amongst the groups in the classic risk factors for atherosclerosis. Evidence of atherosclerosis in arterial beds other than the relevant artery to the infarction (other cerebral arteries, coronary arteries, descending aorta and peripheral arteries) was significantly lower in the NAL group (49.7%) than in either the PAA group (88.9%) or RAA group (93.6%). Conclusions: Perforating artery territorial infarction with RAA or PAA when compared to PAI without atherosclerosis showed different involvement patterns of systemic atherosclerosis, suggesting potentially different aetiological mechanisms.     

脑小血管病总负荷对大动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死急性期病情进展的影响

目的探讨脑小血管病(cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)总负荷与大动脉粥样硬化(large artery atherosclerosis,LAA)型脑梗死急性期病情进展的关系。方法143例急性LAA型脑梗死患者,依据MRI检查及CSVD总负荷评分量表计算患者的CSVD总负荷评分(总分0~4分)。根据急性期病情有无进展,将患者分为两组:非进展性脑梗死组(non-progressive cerebral infarction,NPCI)和进展性脑梗死组(progressive cerebral infarction,PCI),比较两组间基线资料及CSVD各分项及总负荷评分间的差异,并应用Logistic回归法分析CSVD总负荷评分等指标与LAA型脑梗死急性期进展的关系。结果PCI组与NPCI组间CSVD总负荷评分程度有显著性差异(P<0.05)。PCI组吸烟史、糖尿病史、基线舒张压、空腹血糖、血管源性腔隙、中重度脑白质病变(WMH)、脑微出血(CMBs)及CSVD总负荷评分均高于NPCI组(P<0.05),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)低于NPCI组(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示:空腹血糖、中重度WMH以及CSVD总负荷评分是LAA型脑梗死急性期病情进展的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论LAA型脑梗死患者CSVD总负荷严重程度与急性期病情进展密切相关。