华法令治疗左房血栓后施行二尖瓣球囊扩张术(附9例报告)

目的 探讨有左房附壁血栓的二尖瓣狭窄患者用药物消融血栓后行球囊扩张的方法与注意事项。方法 对我院收治的15例预备行二尖瓣球囊扩张术（PBMV）的风湿性二尖瓣狭窄（MS）患者以华法令2.5 mg/d治疗3周至1年后复查TEE,其中9例施行了PBMV。结果 最后1次TEE检查时6例附壁血栓完全消失,左心房各壁及左心耳内壁表面光滑;1例尚残留小钙化血栓在左心耳底部;1例左心房周边仍存在纤维化的附壁血栓;1例左心耳外侧壁小机化血栓存在。行PBMV术中1例发生脑栓塞现象,8例无任何动脉栓塞症。结论 口服华法令可消除部分病人的左心房附壁血栓并成功施行PBMV。     

心房颤动伴左房血栓患者的经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术

目的 评价经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)治疗心房颤动(AF)伴左房血栓的二尖瓣狭窄患者的临床疗效.方法 选具备PBMV指征的风湿性二尖瓣狭窄(MS)合并心房颤动患者10例,经食管超声心动图(TEE)证实存在左房内血栓,均为2000年4月以后的住院患者,均予华法林治疗2个月后进行PBMV.扩张前后测左房压力,术后1周内...     

老年二尖瓣狭窄经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术的临床应用

目的　探讨老年风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术 (PBMV)的临床效果。方法　对38例老年二尖瓣狭窄患者控制心功能不全后采用Inoue法行PBMV。结果　 38例患者PBMV全部成功。二尖瓣口面积由 (0 .9± 0 .2 )cm2 增至 (1.9± 0 .3)cm2 (P <0 .0 1) ,二尖瓣跨瓣压差由 (2 .6± 0 .9)kPa降至 (0 .4± 0 .4)kPa(P <0 .0 1)。心功能改善 (P <0 .0 1) ,心脏杂音减轻 ,无死亡及严重并发症发生。结论　PBMV对老年二尖瓣狭窄安全有效 ,在施行PBMV时应注意老年患者的特殊性     

二尖瓣狭窄并发左房机化血栓经皮球囊二尖瓣扩张术护理

风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄(MS)并发左房附壁血栓是经皮球囊二尖瓣扩张术(PBMV)禁忌症,我院自2000年以来对12例此类患者成功实施了PBMV,取得了满意效果,现将护理体会报告如下:     

经皮球囊导管二尖瓣成形术治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄的临床疗效

目的评价经皮球囊导管二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄(MS)的临床疗效。方法采用Inoue法对336例风湿性MS患者行PBMV。结果术后左房平均压由3.06±1.04kPa降至1.87±0.77kPa,二尖瓣跨瓣压差由2.11±0.21kPa降至0.8±0.08kPa,二尖瓣口面积由0.96±0.32cm     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动患者经皮穿刺二尖瓣球囊成形术治疗

目的 :为研究二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动患者经皮穿刺二尖瓣球囊成形术治疗的疗效和安全性。方法 :对 330例病人施行PBMV。男 1 0 4例 ,女 2 2 6例 ,年龄 1 5～ 86岁 ,平均 (40 .3± 1 0 .2 )岁。 2 1 2例为窦性心律 (窦性心律组 )。 1 1 8例为二尖瓣狭窄心房颤动 (心房颤动组 ) :心房颤动病程 1～ 1 2 0 (1 6 .1± 1 8.3)月。二尖瓣狭窄心房颤动病人术后行复律治疗。结果 :330例病人中 32 7例完成手术并达到扩瓣终点 (99.1 % )。PBMV成功者 ,左房平均压从 (2 5 .4± 9.3)mmHg下降到 (1 0 .1± 3 .8)mmHg,肺动脉平均压从 (41 .7± 1 7.4)mmHg下降到 (2 5 .9± 1 3 .2 )mmHg。二尖瓣口面积从 (0 .95± 0 .2 7)cm2 增加到 (1 .82± 0 .2 4 )cm2 ,左房前后径从 (4.94± 0 .61 )cm缩短到 (4.2 8± 0 .53)cm。窦性心律组与心房颤动组PBMV成功率无明显差异 (99.5 %VS98 3 % ,P >0 .0 5)。心房颤动组瓣口面积增加 (0 .77± 0 .2 2 )cm2 ,略小于窦性心律组 (0 .89± 0 .2 4 )cm2 ,P <0 .0 5 ;左房前后径缩短 (0 .64± 0 .61 )cm ,较窦性心律组 (0 .71± 0 .50 )cm缩短程度略小 ,P <0 .0 5 ,而且最终左房前后径明显大于窦性心律组 ;左房平均压降低 (1 2 .2± 4 .4)mmHg,其下降程度也小于窦性心律组 (1 6 .9± 4 .8)mmH     

二尖瓣狭窄患者肺静脉血流与左心房压力关系的研究

目的:探讨风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄(风心二狭)患者经皮球囊二尖瓣扩张术(PBMV)前后肺静脉血流频谱的改变及其与左房压力的相关性。方法:符合PBMV术适应证的风心二狭患者26例,窦性心律组14例,房颤组12例,于PBMV术前后3d内行经食道超声心动图(TEE)检查,记录肺静脉血流频谱,测量收缩期S波、舒张期D波和心房收缩期AR波的峰值流速和流速积分,并与术中记录到的左房压力进行相关分析。结果:与PBMV术前比较,术后二尖瓣口面积扩大犤(0.86±0.14)cm2vs(1.51±0.32)cm2,P<0.01犦,左房压力明显下降。窦性心律患者肺静脉血流频谱S波峰值流速和流速积分与左房压力呈负相关;房颤患者D波峰值流速和流速积分与左房压力呈负相关。结论:肺静脉血流S波是反映二尖瓣狭窄窦性心律患者左房压力的较好指标;D波是反映二尖瓣狭窄房颤患者左房压力的较好指标。     

143例经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术疗效的评价

目的 :评价经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术 (PBMV)治疗后的疗效。方法 :采用改良Inoue方法 ,自 1 993年 5月至 2 0 0 1年 1 2月对 1 4 3例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者行PBMV治疗 ,并进行超声心动图和临床心功能评价。结果 :1 4 0患者成功地完成了PBMV ,3例失败 ,手术成功率为 97.9%。二尖瓣口面积 (MVA)由 1 .0 3± 0 .55cm2 增至 2 .0 3± 0 .37cm2 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,二尖瓣跨瓣压差 (MVG)由 1 8.1± 4 .8mmHg降至 4 .1± 2 .3mmHg(P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,左心房平均压 (MLAP)由 2 3 .1± 1 0 .1mmHg降至 1 0 .8± 9.2mmHg(P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,左心房内径 (LAD)由 4 .67± 1 .1 0cm减小至 4 .1 3± 0 .59cm(P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,左心室内径 (LVD)由 4 .54± 0 .32cm到 4 .58± 0 .2 8cm (P >0 .0 5) ,心功能级(NYHA)由 2 .69± 0 .74级改善至 1 .2 1± 0 .41级 (P <0 .0 0 1 )。结论 :PBMV术后临床疗效良好 ,是可以替代二尖瓣闭式分离的方法。     

重度二尖瓣狭窄伴巨大左房患者的经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术

目的观察重庆二尖瓣狭窄伴巨大左房患者的经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术治疗的效果。方法36例患者进行了经皮球器二尖瓣成形术。结果房间隔穿刺成功率100％,球囊扩张前后平均左房压显著下降,为（23．2±6．2）mmHg与（10．7±5．1）mmHg,P＜0．001;术后三日内超声复查,二尖瓣口面积增大,为（0．79±0．20）cm2与（1．83±0．31）cm2,P＜0．001;左房直径缩小,为（58．3±3．2）mm与（46．4±3．6）mm．P＜0．001。36例获较好临床疗效,无严重并发症。结论经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术治疗严重二尖瓣狭窄伴巨大左房是安全有效的。     

经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术37例分析

目的　观察风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者行经皮球囊扩张术 (PBMV)的疗效。方法　对我院早期开展的 37例经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术进行了分析。结果　PBMV的成功率为 94 5 9%。血流动力学及心功能明显改善 ;平均左房压由术前的 (3 37± 0 85 )kPa ,降至 (1 5 0± 0 78)kPa(P <0 0 1) ;平均二尖瓣口面积由术前的 (1 0 3± 0 2 6 )cm2 增至(2 0 9± 0 38)cm2 (P <0 0 0 1) ;平均左房大小由术前 (4 6 5 0± 7 5 1)mm减至 (37 12± 6 2 1)mm(P <0 0 5 ) ;术后心功能明显改善 (P <0 0 5 )。仅 1例发生有症状的急性心包填塞 ,经紧急心包穿刺抽血减压后治愈 ,无其它严重并发症。结论　PBMV术成功率高 ,近期疗效好 ,严重并发症少     

A comparative study of balloon mitral valvuloplasty and closed mitral commissurotomy in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis

Rheumatic mitral stenosis is frequently encountered in our country. It affects younger population and is a major cause of morbidity Mitral valvotomy is the definitive therapy for this disease and can be achieved by closed mitral commissurotomy (CMC), open mitral commissurotomy (OMC) or by percutaneous transluminal mitral valvuloplasty (PTMV). Compared to CMC, PTMV is less invasive but more expensive at this moment. With the reduction of cost, PTMV may become the procedure of choice for the treatment of rheumatic mitral stenosis in future.     

Myomectomy and mitral plasty for mitral abnormalities in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

<正>Objective To analyse pathogenesis and treatment strategies of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) with concomitant mitral valve abnormalities. Methods From October 1996 to June 2009,62 patients suffered from HOCM underwent surgical treatment. There were 41 males and 21 females with age ranging from 6 to 68 (34. 05 ± 15. 26) years old. The body weight were 27 83 kg [mean (60. 42 ± 12. 71) kg]. Detected by preoperative echocardiography,     

Role of closed mitral commissurotomy for mitral restenosis

Out of 1184 consecutive cases of rheumatic mitral stenosis treated surgically by closed mitral commissurotomy (CMC) at NRS Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta, 20 (1.68%) were mitral valve restenosis. Twelve cases (60%) were females, The median age was 32 years. Duration between the first operation and reappearance of symptoms varied with a mean of 8 years. The previous operations were digital dilatation and instrumental dilatation in 6 and 14 cases respectively. History of thromboembolism was present in 4 cases. On echocardiography, calcification of the mitral valve was present in 2 cases, left atrial clot in 4 cases, associated mild to moderate mitral regurgitation in 6 cases and mild aortic regurgitation in 4 cases. All cases presented with New York Heart Association (NYHA) III and IV symptoms. Critical stenosis (mitral valve orifice less than 0.5 cm2) was present in 12 cases. Re-do CMC was undertaken in all cases with Tubb's dilator. Median operating time was 2.5 hours. Satisfactory split was achieved in 13 cases. One patient died during surgery. Four cases having less than satisfactory split were asymptomatic on follow-up. In one case no split was possible and in another, gross mitral regurgitation was noted postoperatively. These 2 cases had to undergo open heart surgery. It is concluded that re-do CMC is a feasible and suitable alternative in mitral restenosis even in the presence of complications.     

二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣关闭不全的临床研究

目的总结25例二尖瓣关闭不全患者行二尖瓣成形术的手术方法及效果。方法患者均在全麻低温体外循环下施行,采用瓣叶切除修复、瓣裂修复、交界缝合、腱索缩短、双孔二尖瓣成形、人工瓣环植入。手术前、后应用食道内超声心动图判断二尖瓣反流的原因和部位及手术治疗效果,术中采用左室注水加压试验初步判断二尖瓣成形的效果。术后随访主要依靠超声心动图。结果围术期死亡1例,死于恶性心律失常。术后心脏彩超显示,15例(60.00%)无二尖瓣返流,9例(36.00%)为轻微～轻度返流,左房、左室较术前明显缩小,心功能较术前明显改善。结论严格掌握手术适应征,针对不同瓣膜病变,运用合理的瓣膜成形技术,行二尖瓣外科修复疗效确切,术中左室注水试验及经食道超声心动图可为二尖瓣成形提供良好的技术支持。     

“钮扣状”转移保留二尖瓣全装置瓣膜置换的初步探讨

目的 :探讨二尖瓣狭窄病人采用“钮扣状”转移保留全瓣装置二尖瓣置换的方法及对左心功能的影响。方法 :对 5 6例二尖瓣狭窄需行二尖瓣置换的患者 ,分为 :A组 (术中“钮扣状”保留全部二尖瓣瓣下结构 ) ,B组(术中仅保留二尖瓣后瓣及瓣下结构 )和C组 (术中未保留瓣下结构 ) ;于术前 ,术后监测血流动力学指标 ;术前、术后出院前、术后 3～ 6个月行超声心动图检查 ,监测心功能指标。结果 :A组术后心排指数、每搏指数、左室收缩功指数、肺毛细血管楔压、左室舒张末、收缩末内径、左室射血分数、短轴缩短率及左室长轴舒张末内径均优于B ,C组 ,且EF值恢复优于B ,C组。A组主动脉阻断时间较B ,C组延长 ,但总转流时间比较 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :以二尖瓣狭窄为主的病人行瓣膜置换时可采用“纽扣状”转移保留全部瓣下装置 ;病人术后早期心功能的改善优于部分保留组和不保留组。     

142例二尖瓣关闭不全患者行二尖瓣修复成形术的手术经验

目的　分析、总结 14 2例行二尖瓣修复成形术的二尖瓣关闭不全患者的临床疗效。方法　 1994年 1月～ 2 0 0 3年 12月 ,连续对 14 2例二尖瓣关闭不全患者行修复成形术 ,男 88例 ,女 5 4例 ,平均年龄为 (38.5± 7.8)岁。病因诊断 :二尖瓣腱索断裂 74例 ,二尖瓣黏液变性伴瓣叶脱垂 36例 ,冠心病二尖瓣乳头肌功能不全15例 ,二尖瓣瓣环扩大 11例 ,感染性心内膜炎伴二尖瓣穿孔 4例 ,扩张型心肌病伴二尖瓣关闭不全 2例 ;7例患者合并非风湿性主动脉瓣病变。手术在体外循环、中低温下施行 ,采用瓣叶切除缝合、瓣环成形、穿孔修补、腱索转移、edgetoedge技术及人工腱索成形技术 ,术中以食道超声监测成形效果。 结果　死亡 2例 ,1例术后第 6天死于脑出血 ,另 1例术后第 5天死于多器官功能衰竭。 5例患者术中转为瓣膜置换手术 ;其余患者术毕二尖瓣无返流或轻度返流。在平均为 (34.5± 4 .8)个月的随访中 ,有 2例二尖瓣返流加剧至中度而行二尖瓣置换手术。其余患者二尖瓣返流未见加剧 ,心功能恢复良好。结论　选择适当的患者、运用合理的瓣膜成形技术 ,二尖瓣关闭不全患者行瓣膜成形术可取得满意的疗效。     

人工腱索加瓣环成形在二尖瓣前瓣脱垂修复中的应用

目的:评价人工腱索加瓣环行二尖瓣成形治疗二尖瓣前瓣脱垂的效果。方法:2009年3月至2011年12月间对32例二尖瓣前瓣脱垂的患者采用人工腱索加二尖瓣成形行二尖瓣修复,其中单纯前瓣成形27例,前、后瓣同期成形5例。结果:所有患者均存活。术后超声心动图显示,28例患者二尖瓣无或仅有微量反流,4例有轻度反流。左房内径、左室内径、左室收缩末期容积和舒张末期容积均较术前明显缩小(P<0.01)。随访3个月至3年患者心功能较前均有不同程度改善。结论:人工腱索加瓣环成形治疗二尖瓣前瓣脱垂是一种简便、可靠和有效的方法,早中期效果良好。     

老年前期及老年患者经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术

目的： 报道应用经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术治疗７０例老年前期及老年风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者的疗效。　方法：７０ 例患者中,男１８例,女５２ 例;３６ 例为单纯二尖瓣狭窄或二尖瓣狭窄伴轻度二尖瓣关闭不全或轻度主动脉瓣关闭不全,３４例伴有轻度二尖瓣叶钙化或瓣下结构的病变,均采用改良ｌｎｏｕｅ单球囊法行ＰＢＭＶ。　结果：７０例中６７例成功,失败３ 例,其中１例为术中急性心包填塞,２ 例术后出现中度二尖瓣关闭不全。术后即刻,左房压、肺动脉压下降,瓣口面积增加,心功能改善。４２例患者随访（５２．４±２４．５）个月,１例出现再狭窄,１ 例原因不明猝死,１ 例因二尖瓣反流行瓣膜置换术,其余患者心功能和生活质量明显改善。结论：只要患者条件适宜,技术操作适当,对年龄≥５０ 岁伴轻度二尖瓣或（和）主动脉瓣反流,瓣膜钙化或瓣下结构病变的二尖瓣狭窄患者,也可安全有效地施行球囊二尖瓣成形术。     

“钮扣状”转移保留二尖瓣全装置瓣膜置换的初步探讨

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical technique and the effect of preservation of the entire mitral subvalvular apparatus during mitral valve replacement (MVR) in patients with mitral stenosis. METHODS: MVR was performed on 56 patients with mitral stenosis. Of them, 11 had complete preservation of the entire mitral subvalvular apparatus (group A) with the technique of preservation of 'button-shaped' transplantation, 25 had the preservation of the posterior leaflet only (group B), and the other 20 underwent the conventional MVR (group C). Pre- and postoperative hemodynamic parameters were measured to determine the left ventricular performance. Echocardiography was performed preoperatively, at the time of discharge, and 3 to approximately 6 months postoperatively to determine the dimensions and ejection function. RESULTS: Cardiac index, stroke volume index and left ventricular stroke work index postoperatively in group A were better than those in group B and C (P < 0.05). Echocardiographic measurements postoperatively showed the increase of LVESD, LVEDD in group B and C, but a better LVL and LVFS in group A (P < 0.05), and LVEF was more pronounced in group A (P < 0.05). There appeared a long cross-clamp time in group A, but the total CPB time was not significant among the three groups. CONCLUSION: The surgical skills of preservation with 'button-shaped' transplantation may be a practical choice for patients with mitral stenosis. The preservation of entire mitral subvalvular apparatus improves the left ventricular functions after MVR in patients with mitral valve stenosis.