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对二硫化碳(CS_2)毒作用的研究至少已有140年的历史,国内外积累了大量CS_2对神经、精神、心血管、内分泌及生殖等系统毒作用的流行病学及实验研究资料。在中毒机理的研究中,国内外学者从酶活性、微量元素、维生素、脂质代谢、神经递质和脂质过氧化等方面进行了广泛探讨,但至今仍未获得满意答案。由于CS_2在工业生产中的重要地位和近年来科学的迅速发展,因而需要利用 相似文献
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二硫化碳对雌性小鼠受精卵发育及染色体的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用昆明种性成熟雌性小鼠,以10mg/m~3及100mg/m~3浓度CS_2吸入染毒,每日2小时,每周6天,染毒3周(相当3~4个动情周期)后给雌小鼠腹腔注射孕马血清及HCG,令超数排卵,并与未经染毒雄性小鼠交配。后处死小鼠,检查受精卵并制备染色体标本。结果,两个染毒组,发育异常卵出现率显著高于对照组,雌原核染色体畸变的受精卵出现率也显著高于对照组。 相似文献
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二硫化碳对雌性小鼠性腺影响的研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
研究结果表明,当雌性小鼠接触CS_2浓度达到97mg/m~3 时,染毒31天(约小鼠的6个动情周期)后,与正常雄性小鼠交配,染毒小鼠受孕率下降,仔代(F_1代)4日存活率、7日存活率及哺育存活率均下降,但与对照组比较无显著差异。F_1代雌性仔鼠性器官发育延迟,且行为发育亦有明显改变。F_1代仔鼠受孕率(25.0%)较对照组(70.0%)明显降低(P<0.01),F_2代仔鼠活胎率(87.5%)显著低于对照组(96.8%,P<0.05),认为CS_2的性腺毒性具有远期效应。 相似文献
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二硫化碳对小鼠卵母细胞染色体的损伤作用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
二硫化碳对小鼠卵母细胞染色体的损伤作用郑青,保毓书北京医科大学公共卫生学院(100083)放射线及某些化学物质对啮齿类动物卵母细胞有致突变效应,可引起卵母细胞染色体畸变,文献中已有报道[1,2]。接触有毒化学物质能否引起卵母细胞染色体畸变,对阐明环境... 相似文献
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本文拟通过CS_2染毒雌性小鼠的实验研究,就其毒性和作用机理作一探讨。雌性小鼠分为3组;高、低剂量组,分别给CS_2、378和94.5mg/kg;对照组给橄榄油,每日腹腔注射染毒。染毒第14天,取卵巢、子宫及输卵管一般组织学和卵巢连续切片组织学观察;染毒第14天进行超数排卵试验;染毒第14夭、33天进行全血中Zn、Cu含量及胆硷酯酶(AchE)活性测定。 相似文献
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二硫化碳肾脏毒性研究徐成伟,林瑞存,戴秀莲,张卫东二硫化碳(CarbondisulfideCS2)是重要的有机溶剂,主要用于粘胶纤维和玻璃纸的生产。有关它对神经、心血管、内分泌及生殖系统的影响,已有大量研究报道[1,2]。许多文献中提及CS2对肾脏的... 相似文献
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目的 探讨二硫化碳(CS2)对雄性大鼠生殖功能及睾丸组织中铜、锌、钙、镁水平的影响,同时观察维生素E对其的干预作用.方法 36只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为6组,以不同浓度CS2(0、50、250、1 250 md/m3)静式吸人染毒,共10周.另设CS2(1 250 mg/m3) 维生素E(250 me,/kg)组和维生紊E组(250 me,/kg).染毒结束后,检测大鼠生殖毒性指标,测定睾丸铜、锌、钙和镁水平.结果 各染毒组睾丸脏器系数、附睾重、睾丸横径、附睾尾精子总数及精子活动率均低于对照组,畸形精子率则高于对照组;睾丸组织铜、锌和镁含量而随染毒浓度增加而降低的趋势.维生素E干预后,精子畸形率降低,睾丸横径、精于总数、精子活动率及睾丸铜、锌和镁均有增加,与高浓度组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 维生索E可干预CS2是的睾丸生殖毒性. 相似文献
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二硫化碳对人精子受精能力的影响伏晓敏,乐俊仪,金爱华,缪云萍二硫化碳(CS2)是一种广泛使用的有机溶剂,是化纤工业的重要原料,而且也是一种多器官的工业毒物。CS2对神经、心血管、内分泌及生殖等系统毒作用的流行病学及实验研究,在国内外已有不少报道。然而... 相似文献
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Abstract D-Amphetamine toxicity was tested in mice previously acclimatised to 5, 21 and 31°. When the measurements were carried out at 21°, mice acclimatised to lower ambient temperatures were more sensitive to amphetamine than those acclimatised to higher ones, as judged from the LD50-values obtained. However, when measured at 14°, toxicity was similar for 5°- as for 21°-acclimatised mice, while it was greater for 31°-acclimatised mice. Aggregation increased amphetamine toxicity the more so the greater the toxicity had been in isolated animals. The body temperature of mice under the influence of amphetamine was inversely related to the previous temperature of acclimatisation, and it was always lower at 14° than at 21°. Aggregation did not influence the hyperthermic effect of amphetamine, while it tended to decrease the hypothermia caused by the drug. The differences in amphetamine toxicity between animals acclimatised to different temperatures can be accounted for by differences in (physiological) relation to the (same) experimental situation, rather than by differences in susceptibility to the drug. 相似文献
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M.Teresa Colomina Jose L. Esparza Jacinto Corbella Jose L. Domingo 《Neurotoxicology and teratology》1998,20(6):579-656
Both aluminum (Al) and maternal restraint have been reported to cause developmental toxicity in mammals. This study assessed in pregnant mice the potential interaction between Al and maternal restraint. Four groups of plug-positive female mice were given IP injections of AlCl3 at 37.5 and 75 mg/kg/day on days 6–15 of gestation. Two of these groups were also subjected to restraint for 2 h/day during the same gestational days. Control groups included restrained and unrestrained pregnant mice nonexposed to Al. Cesarean sections were performed on gestation day 18, and the fetuses were weighed and examined for morphological defects. Maternal toxicity was significantly enhanced by restraint at 75 mg AlCl3/kg/day. No increases in the number of resorptions or dead fetuses per litter were observed following exposure to Al, maternal restraint, or combined Al and restraint. However, a significant decrease in fetal body weight, as well as a significant increase in the number of litters with morphologic defects, was observed in the group exposed to 75 mg AlCl3/kg/day plus maternal restraint. The current results suggest that maternal restraint could enhance the metal-induced developmental toxicity (reduced fetal body weight, increase in the number of litters with morphologic defects) only at high doses of the metal, which are also toxic to the dam. 相似文献
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SD大鼠二硫化碳(CS_2,35、515mg/m~3)吸入染毒22周,血清甲状腺素、总胆固醇呈可逆性降低,促甲状腺激素无明显变化。提示CS_2所致T_4降低与下丘脑-垂体轴受损有关;T_4的检测有助于慢性CS_2中毒的早期诊断。 相似文献
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汉黄芩素的小鼠急性毒性作用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的观察汉黄芩素对小鼠的急性毒性反应,评价其安全性大小。方法给小鼠灌服和腹腔注射不同质量浓度的汉黄芩素,观察小鼠的活动和毒性反应,记录小鼠的死亡数,并用Bliss法计算半数致死量(LD50)。结果汉黄芩素对小鼠经口服及腹腔注射的急性毒性症状主要有行动迟缓、异步态、心率加快、呼吸急促、连续性抽搐。小鼠口服给药的LD50为7.62 g/(kg.d),95%的可信限为6.55~8.86 g/(kg.d),腹腔给药的LD50为6.08 g/(kg.d),95%的可信限为5.89~6.27 g/(kg.d)。结论汉黄芩素毒性较低,该试验为其进一步开发应用提供了依据。 相似文献
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研究结果表明,硝基甲苯类化合物的联合毒性主要表现为完全相加和部分相加,相互间不存在协同作用。为此建议,硝基甲苯类化合物在地面水中的混合物最高容许浓度可按相加特性制订。 相似文献
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Donald F. Smith 《Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology》1978,43(1):51-54
Abstract Inbred strains of male mice (C3H, DBA, BALB, C57) were used to determine whether genetic factors play a role in lithium toxicity. Significant differences in the LD50 for LiCl were observed between the mouse strains after a subcutaneous injection of 37° isotonic LiCl. The LD50 values in the C3H, DBA, BALB and C57 strains were 17.4, 17.6, 18.2 and 19.4 mmol/kg, respectively. Significant differences were also observed between the mouse strains in the concentrations of lithium in plasma, heart, liver, kidney and brain 2 hrs. after a subcutaneous injection of 15.1 or 18.2 mmol/kg LiCl, but the lithium concentrations were not related in an obvious manner to LiCl toxicity. The results show that genetic factors can influence the toxicity and pharmacodynamics of lithium. 相似文献
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George Julia D.; Price Catherine J.; Marr Melissa C.; Myers Christina B.; Schwetz Bernard A.; Heindel Jerrold J. 《Toxicological sciences》1998,46(1):124-133
Timed-pregnant CD-1 outbred albino Swiss mice received eithermethacrylamlde (MAC; 0, 60, 120, or 180 mg/kg/day) or N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide(BAC; 0, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day) po in distilled water on gestationaldays (GD) 6 through 17. Maternal clinical status was monitoreddaily. At termination (GD 17), confirmed-pregnant females (2730per group, MAC; 2425 per group, BAC) were evaluated forclinical status and gestational outcome; live fetuses were examinedfor external, visceral, and skeletal malformations. For MAC,no treatment-related maternal mortality was observed. Maternalbody weight on GD 17, maternal weight gain during treatmentand gestation, and corrected maternal weight gain were reducedat the high dose. Relative maternal food and water intake wasnot adversely affected; neurotoxicity was not observed. Relativematernal liver weight was increased at a 120 mg/kg/day; graviduterine weight was decreased at 180 mg/kg/day. The maternalno-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 60 mg/kg/day. TheNOAEL for developmental toxicity was also 60 mg/kg/day. At 120 mg/kg/day, mean fetal body weight was reduced. At 180 mg/kg/day,increased postimplantation death per litter was observed. Morphologicaldevelopment was not affected. The maternal NOAEL for BAC was10 mg/kg/day. At 30 mg/kg/day, decreased maternal body weighton GD 17, maternal body weight change during treatment and gestation,corrected maternal body weight, and gravid uterine weight wereobserved. Relative maternal liver weight increased at 30 mg/kg/day.The developmental NOAEL was 3 mg/kg/day BAC. Mean fetal bodyweight was reduced at 30 mg/kg/day. At 10 mg/kg/day, an increasedincidence of fetal variations (extra rib) was observed, althoughfetal malformation rate was unaffected. MAC and BAC were notteratogenic to Swiss mice at the doses tested. BAC was morepotent than MAC in causing adverse maternal and developmentaleffects. 相似文献
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目的:探讨度洛西汀对成年雄性小鼠的急性毒性及遗传毒性.方法:采用小鼠急性毒性试验观察致死率及半数致死量(LD50).采用小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸变试验及生殖与淋巴器官重量指数检测方法,将小鼠均分为6组,即阴性对照组、阳性对照组,度洛西汀1、2、3和4组(分别给予度洛西汀5、10、20和40 mg/kg),观察度洛西... 相似文献