颅脑损伤患者早期凝血功能与颅脑损伤程度和预后的关系

目的探讨颅脑损伤（TBI）患者凝血功能的变化及其与颅脑损伤程度与预后的关系。方法依据格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）将145例颅脑损伤患者分为轻、中、重度损伤三组,测定其入院时的凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、血小板计数（PLT）和D-二聚体（DD）的水平,并与40例健康体检者（对照组）作对照。治疗1个月后依据牛津残障评分（OHC）对所有患者的预后进行评估,并将其分为预后良好组和预后不良组,比较两组患者的PT、APTT、PLT和DD水平。结果随着伤情的加重,TBI患者的PT、APTT和DD水平依次增加,而PLT依次下降,差异均有统计学差异（P〈0．01）。TBI患者入院时的GCS评分与PT（r=-0．209,P〈0．05）和DD（r=-0．556,P〈0．01）呈显著负相关,但与PLT和APTT无相关性（P〉0．05）。与预后良好组相比,预后不良组的PT、APTT和DD水平明显增高,而PLT水平明显降低,差异均有统计学差异（t=-22．031;t=16．703;t=-18．072;t=-33．012,P〈0．01）。结论TBI患者凝血功能与颅脑损伤程度和预后密切相关,可用于病情评估和预后判断。     

颅脑损伤后早期凝血功能、血白细胞、血糖与损伤程度及预后的相关性研究

目的 探讨颅脑损伤（TBI）后早期凝血功能、血白细胞（WBC）及血糖水平的变化与损伤程度及预后的关系.方法 依据格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）将126例颅脑损伤患者分为轻中型、重型损伤两组;1个月后随访依据牛津残障评分（OHS）分为预后不良组和预后良好组,测定其入院时的凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、血小板（PLT）、WBC和血糖的水平.选取同期30例健康体检者作为对照组.比较各组PT、APTT、FIB、PLT、WBC及血糖水平.结果 轻中型TBI组、重型TBI组PT、APTT、WBC和血糖水平明显高于对照组,而PLT和FIB水平明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;随着损伤程度加重,PT、APTT、WBC和血糖水平逐渐升高,而PLT和FIB水平逐渐降低（P＜0.05）;与预后良好组相比,TBI预后不良组PT、APTT、WBC和血糖水平明显升高,PLT、FIB水平和GCS评分明显降低（P＜0.05）;PT、APTT、WBC、血糖分别与GCS、OHS评分呈负相关,PLT、FIB与GCS、OHS评分呈正相关（P＜0.05）.结论 TBI患者早期凝血功能、血WBC及血糖与颅脑损伤程度和预后密切相关,可初步用于病情评估和预后判断.     

颅脑损伤病人早期凝血功能与损伤程度及预后的相关性研究

目的：探讨颅脑损伤（TBI）病人凝血功能的变化及其与颅脑损伤程度与预后的关系。方法：依据格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）将95例颅脑损伤病人分为轻、中、重度损伤三组,测定其入院时的凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、血小板计数（PLT）和D-二聚体（DD）的水平,并与30例健康体检者（对照组）作对照。治疗1mo后依据牛津残障评分（OHC）对所有病人的预后进行评估,并将其分为预后良好组和预后不良组,比较两组病人的PT、APTT、PLT和DD水平。结果：随着伤情的加重,TBI病人的PT、APTT和DD水平依次增加,而PLT依次下降,差异均有统计学差异（P〈0.01）。与预后良好病人,预后不良病人的PT、APTT和DD水平明显增高,而PLT水平明显降低,均有统计学差异（P〈0.01）。结论：TBI病人凝血功能与颅脑损伤程度和预后密切相关,可用于病情评估和预后判断。     

重型颅脑损伤后凝血功能变化的研究

目的探讨重型颅脑损伤患者凝血功能检测的诊断意义和预后价值。方法选择轻型颅脑损伤患者43例（轻型组）,中型颅脑损伤患者42例（中型组）以及重型颅脑损伤患者35例（重型组）,检测各组凝血功能指标。结果 （1）重型组和中型组PT、APTT、FDP、DD和BPC各指标与对照组相比,有显著或非常显著性差异（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;重型组与中型组相比,也有显著或非常显著性差异（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。（2）重型组中,GOS1～2分患者PT、APTT、FDP、DD和BPC各指标与GOS3～5分患者相比,有显著或非常显著性差异（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论凝血功能相关指标的检测,可作为判断病情和预后的重要参考指标,值得临床进一步研究。     

颅脑损伤患者早期凝血纤溶功能变化与迟发性颅内出血的关系

目的探讨颅脑损伤患者早期凝血纤溶功能变化与迟发性颅内出血的关系。方法对126例伤后6 h内入院的单纯颅脑损伤患者早期凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(Fg)、凝血酶时间(TT)、D-二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白降解产物(FDP)及血小板计数(PLT)进行检测,并与50例健康体检者对照,分析患者伤后早期凝血纤溶功能变化与迟发性颅内出血关系。结果轻、中、重型颅脑损伤组伤后PT、APTT、D-D、FDP水平明显高于对照组,PLT、Fg水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05);损伤程度越重,PT、APTT、D-D、FPD水平越高,PLT、Fg水平越低(P<0.05);迟发性颅内出血组伤后PT、D-D及FDP含量比非迟发性颅内出血组明显升高(P<0.05),Fg含量比非迟发性颅内出血组显著下降(P<0.05)。结论颅脑损伤患者伤后早期凝血-纤溶功能异常,其异常程度与颅脑损伤程度密切相关,可作为病情评估和预后判断参考指标。早期血浆PT、Fg、D-D及FDP含量的变化可作为颅脑损伤迟发性颅内出血发生的预测因素。     

急性颅脑损伤凝血功能异常的临床研究

目的探讨急性颅脑损伤患者的凝血功能变化特点以及与颅脑损伤严重程度、预后的关系。方法(1)将168例急性颅脑外伤患者分为轻、中、重型3组,测定病人入院当时和发病后24h的血浆凝血酶原时间(PT),活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT),纤维蛋白降解产物(FDP),d-二聚体(D-dimer),血小板(BPC)值,并与45例健康对照组比较。(2)治疗1个月后将168例分为GOS4~5分和3~1分两组,比较两组PT、APTT、FDP、D-dimer、BPC值。结果(1)各型颅脑损伤与对照组比较,PT、APTT、FDP、D-dimer均有显著差异。(2)各型颅脑损伤中PT、APTT、FDP、D-dimer均有异常,随着伤情加重PT、APTT、FDP、D-dimer均升高。(3)治疗1个月后GOS1~3分组较GOS4~5分组PT、APTT、FDP、D-dimer有明显差异。结论急性颅脑损伤后存在凝血功能异常,且与颅脑损伤程度相关,可为判断急性颅脑损伤预后提供依据。     

止凝血功能指标在乙肝、肝硬化及肝衰竭患者中的变化规律

目的探究止血和凝血功能指标在乙肝、肝硬化及肝衰竭患者中的变化规律。方法选取2015年8月至2016年8月于我院就诊的乙肝患者30例,肝硬化患者29例,肝衰竭患者28例,同期体检的30例健康人,分别为乙肝组、肝硬化组、肝衰竭组、正常对照组。分别检测所有患者的凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(a PTT)、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、蛋白C(PC:A)活性、纤溶降解产物(FDP)等止凝血功能指标。结果和正常对照组相比,乙肝组FDP显著升高(P0.05),PT、aPTT、Fbg、PC:A无显著差异(P0.05);和正常对照组、乙肝组相比,肝硬化和肝衰竭患者的PT和APTT显著延长(P0.05),Fbg、PC:A显著下降(P0.05),FDP显著升高(P0.05);和肝硬化组相比,肝衰竭组PT、aPTT显著延长(P0.05),Fbg显著降低(P0.05),PC:A显著下降(P0.05),FDP显著升高(P0.05)。结论患者的止凝血障碍随着肝脏疾病的恶化而逐渐加重,检测PT、aPTT、Fbg、PC:A、FDP等止凝血功能指标对于了解患者肝脏病变程度及止凝血功能情况具有重要意义。     

颅脑损伤患者术后凝血功能异常与预后的关系研究

目的研究颅脑损伤患者术后凝血功能异常与预后的关系。方法选取2016年1月至2017年2月至我院行手术治疗的80例颅脑损伤患者纳入研究,依据术前格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)结果分为轻型组(n=28)、中型组(n=25)与重型组(n=27),结合术后GCS评分分为预后良好组(n=52)、预后不良组(n=28),并取同期健康体检者纳入对照组(n=40),比较三组不同程度颅脑损伤患者与对照组入院时D二聚体(D-D)、血小板计数(PLT)、凝血功能[纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(a PTT)]、空腹血糖(FPG),比较预后不同2组凝血功能情况,并分析术后凝血功能指标水平和GCS评分之间的关系。结果 3组颅脑损伤患者Fbg、PLT水平明显低于对照组(P0.05),D-D、FPG明显高于对照组(P0.05),PT、a PTT较对照组明显延长(P0.05);重型组Fbg、PLT水平明显低于轻型组与中型组(P0.05),且中型组明显低于轻型组(P0.05);重型组PT、a PTT明显长于轻型组与中型组(P0.05),中型组明显长于轻型组(P0.05);重型组D-D、FPG明显高于轻型组与中型组(P0.05),中型组明显高于轻型组(P0.05);预后良好组Fbg水平明显高于预后不良组(P0.05),PT、a PTT、D-D浓度及GCS评分明显小于预后不良组(P0.05);经相关性分析可知,颅脑损伤患者Fbg水平与GCS评分呈负相关; PT、a PTT、D-D水平与GCS评分呈正相关。结论不同程度颅脑损伤患者各项凝血功能指标存在较大差异,颅脑损伤越严重凝血功能异常也更加严重,术后凝血功能异常与患者预后紧密相关,能用来评估颅脑损伤严重程度与预后。     

颅脑外伤导致患者迟发性脑出血与凝血功能的关系

目的:观察颅脑外伤引起的患者迟发性脑出血与凝血功能的关系。方法:选择颅脑外伤患者400例,分为观察组和对照组,每组各200例。观察组患者颅脑外伤后导致其迟发脑出血;对照组患者颅脑外伤后非迟发性脑出血。观察比较两组患者的凝血酶原时间(PT)、血小板(BPC)、维蛋白降解产物(FDP)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)。结果:观察组患者的PT、BPC、FDP、APTT凝血各指标显著高于对照组,两组患者的D-dimer水平无明显差异(P>0.05);患者的年龄、凝血功能障碍和GCS评分都与颅脑外伤导致迟发性脑出血相关(P<0.05)。结论:颅脑外伤患者迟发性脑出血可能与患者凝血功能障碍有关。     

急性颅脑损伤后出血与凝血功能的关系

目的 探讨急性颅脑损伤患者凝血功能的变化及其与进展性颅内出血（progressive intracranial hemorrhage,PIH）的关系.方法 据格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）,将106例颅脑损伤患者分为轻、中、重度三组,测定其入院时的凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、凝血酶时间（TT）、血小板计数（PLT）、纤维蛋白原（Fg）和D-二聚体（DD）的水平,并与50例健康体检者（对照组）对照.通过头颅CT表现,确定颅脑损伤患者是否发生PIH,分析凝血功能变化与PIH的关系.结果 颅脑损伤者PT、APTT和DD水平明显高于对照组,PLT、Fg低于对照组（P＜0.05）,随着伤情加重,颅脑损伤者PT、APTT及DD水平依次增加,而PLT、Fg依次下降（P＜0.01）;与非PIH者相比,PIH者PT、DD明显升高,Fg明显下降（P＜0.05）.结论 急性颅脑损伤患者凝血功能异常,其程度与颅脑损伤程度密切相关,早期监测凝血功能有助于判断颅脑损伤的严重程度及预测PIH的发生.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.