盐酸氢吗啡酮用于麻醉复苏及术后PCIA镇痛的临床研究

目的：临床研究皮下注射盐酸氢吗啡酮联合术后PCIA用于术后镇痛的安全性及对术后镇痛效果的影响.方法：选择全麻后要求术后镇痛病例60例,PCIA采用相同配方,全部病例随机分配为二组：注射用水组（以下简称H组）和氢吗啡酮组（以下简称M组）.采取双盲法进行临床研究,记录麻醉复苏期间生命体征变化,舒芬太尼用量,麻醉复苏时间及麻醉复苏评分.复苏后送返病房.术后2、4、8、24、48h行术后镇痛回访,记录VAS评分,PCIA按压次数,恶心呕吐次数及其他术后镇痛不良反应等做对照研究.结果：两组患者性别,年龄、体重、手术时间比较差异均无统计学意义.与对照组相比,M组术后病人苏醒拔管时间显著延长（P＜0.01）,麻醉复苏安静无一例主诉疼痛,舒芬太尼用量0 μg.而对照组66.7％的病例感知不同程度的疼痛,舒芬太尼用量（4.58±3.78）μg.M组术后2、4 hVAS评分显著低于对照组,Ramsay评分显著高于H组.2组病例8h以后的VAS评分、Ramsay评分无显著差别（P＞0.05）,2组病例24h内发生恶心呕吐,头晕,嗜睡等不良反应发生率无显著差别（P＞0.05）.结论：2mg盐酸氢吗啡酮皮下注射可有效减轻麻醉复苏期间的疼痛及停止瑞芬太尼泵注后的爆发性疼痛,但相对延长气管拔管时间及麻醉复苏时间;在盐酸氢吗啡酮的有效作用时间内,能显著增强术后PCIA的镇痛效果,盐酸氢吗啡酮皮下注射不增加术后PCIA发生呼吸抑制,恶心呕吐及其他术后镇痛不良反应的发生率,可安全用于临床.     

皮下注射盐酸氢吗啡酮联合术后PCIA用于术后镇痛的安全性及对术后镇痛效果的影响

目的 探讨皮下注射盐酸氢吗啡酮联合术后PCIA用于术后镇痛的安全性及对术后镇痛效果的影响.方法 选取220例全麻前要求术后镇痛的患者作为研究对象,并采取双盲法将其随机分为两组,术后均给予PCIA镇痛,其中研究组110例联合给予盐酸氢吗啡酮皮下注射,而对照组110例则给予同剂量注射用水皮下注射,对比观察其术后镇痛的效果及安全性.结果 术后2 h、4 h时,研究组患者疼痛VAS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.01);但从术后8 h开始,两组患者疼痛VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义.研究组患者麻醉苏醒的拔管时间明显延长(P<0.01),但无1例主观诉说疼痛难耐,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义.结论 皮下注射盐酸氢吗啡酮联合术后PCIA用于术后镇痛,有助于缓解患者的术后疼痛,且能减少瑞芬太尼的用量,还不会增加不良反应发生率,具有安全优势的临床特点,值得推广.     

连续股神经阻滞联合盐酸氢吗啡酮在全膝关节置换术后的镇痛效果观察

目的 探讨在人工全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)术后连续股神经阻滞联合盐酸氢吗啡酮镇痛的效果.方法 ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级行单侧人工全膝关节置换手术的患者42例,经患者知情同意后,将42例患者按照数字表法分为对照组(连续股神经阻滞镇痛)和观察组(连续股神经阻滞联合盐酸氢吗啡酮镇痛),每组21例.2组患者均在连续硬膜外麻醉下实施手术,硬膜外穿刺成功推注2％利多卡因试验量测出平面后,经股神经鞘放置导管并固定好导管,术毕对照组采用0.2％罗哌卡因持续泵注6 ml/h;观察组采用盐酸氢吗啡酮2 mg +0.3％罗哌卡因持续泵注2 ml/h.记录术后静息状态下6、12、24、36、48 h的疼痛评分和术后24、36、48 h功能锻炼时疼痛评分及并发症的发生率.结果 观察组患者的疼痛评分(视觉模拟评分VAS)无论是在静息状态下还是在功能锻炼时均比对照组低,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对照组股神经穿刺点局部水肿的发生率明显高于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 连续股神经阻滞联合盐酸氢吗啡酮镇痛可为人工全膝关节置换术的患者提供更为满意的镇痛效果.     

氢吗啡酮与舒芬太尼在下肢骨折术后硬膜外自控镇痛中的效果比较

目的 探讨氢吗啡酮与舒芬太尼在下肢骨折手术患者术后硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)中的效果差异。方法选取我院手术治疗的106例下肢骨折患者,收集时间2016年1月至2017年5月,其中53例术后采用氢吗啡酮进行PCEA镇痛(研究组)、另外53例患者采舒芬太尼进行术后PCEA镇痛(对照组),两组患者均采用切开复位内固定治疗,对比两组患者的镇痛效果及安全性。结果 术后2h,两组患者的VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05);术后6h、12h、24h、48h,研究组患者的VAS评分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05);术后2h、术后48h,两组患者的Ramsay镇静评分差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05);术后6h、12h、24h,研究组患者的Ramsay镇静评分均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05);研究组的不良反应发生率9. 43%显著低于对照组的24. 53%,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。结论 氢吗啡酮较舒芬太尼在下肢骨折手术患者术后PCEA镇痛中具有更好的效果,并且不良反应发生率更低。     

64例膝关节镜术后关节腔内注射不同剂量盐酸氢吗啡酮的镇痛效果研究

目的:探讨膝关节镜术后关节腔内注射不同剂量盐酸氢吗啡酮对患者术后镇痛效果.方法:选取行膝关节镜手术患者64例,手术麻醉方案均采用腰硬联合麻醉,穿刺点L3-4,0.75％布比卡因1～2 mL注入蛛网膜下腔.手术结束后即刻关节腔内注射盐酸氢吗啡酮,根据注射剂量大小不同将其分为小剂量组(32例,单次注射0.2～0.3 mg盐酸氢吗啡酮)和大剂量组(32例,单次注射0.3～0.6 mg).观察两组术后不同时点的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、生理应激反应指标及追加术后疼痛药物(氟比洛芬脂)情况,并统计两组不良反应发生率.结果:两组术后镇痛4 h、8 h、12 h的VAS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但小剂量组术后镇痛16 h的VAS评分低于大剂量组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组镇痛12 h、24 h的血皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)表达显著高于术毕时点(P<0.05),但两组术毕、镇痛12 h、24 h上述指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);小剂量组追加氟比洛芬酯率25.00％、追加次数(1.2±0.4)次分别高于大剂量组18.75％、(1.1±0.3)次,但两组差异并无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组术后血尿、肝肾功能均无异常,两组不良反应率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:膝关节镜术后腔内注射0.2～0.3 mg盐酸氢吗啡酮能较好抑制生理疼痛应激反应,且并不增加术后追加镇痛药物用量和不良反应.     

皮下注射盐酸氢吗啡酮联合经静脉自控镇痛用于术后镇痛的安全性及效果分析

目的 观察盐酸氢吗啡酮联合术后经静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)用于术后镇痛的安全性及效果.方法 收集广西医科大学第四附属医院2016年4月1日至5月1日行全身麻醉术后要求镇痛患者80例,经知情同意后,采用数字表法随机分为A组(氢吗啡酮联合PCIA组)与B组(灭菌注射用水联合PCIA组),各40例.采取双盲法进行临床研究,记录麻醉复苏时间及麻醉复苏评分,麻醉复苏期间生命体征变化、拔管时间及术后2、4、6、8、24、48 h术后镇痛回访,记录视觉模拟评分(visualanalogue scale,VAS)、Ramsay镇静评分、舒芬太尼用量及不良反应如恶心呕吐、眩晕、嗜睡、瘙痒、术后躁动、肌肉颤触、呼吸抑制等.结果 与B组比较,A组麻醉复苏安静、镇痛效果满意,舒芬太尼用量为0 μg,而B组65.6％的病例主诉有不同程度的疼痛,舒芬太尼用量(4.42±2.54) μg.A组术后2、4 h VAS评分低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),2组病例24 h内发生恶心呕吐、眩晕、嗜睡、瘙痒、术后躁动、肌肉颤搐、呼吸抑制等不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),2组均无呼吸抑制.结论 皮下注射盐酸氢吗啡酮在有效作用时间内,可显著减轻麻醉复苏期间的疼痛,增加术后PCIA的镇痛效果,并且不增加术后PCIA的恶心呕吐、眩晕、嗜睡、瘙痒、躁动、肌肉颤搐、呼吸抑制及其他术后镇痛的不良反应发生率,安全性良好.     

局部浸润镇痛的多模式镇痛在全膝关节置换中的应用

目的：探讨局部浸润镇痛的多模式镇痛在全膝关节置换术中的临床应用价值。方法收集行全膝关节置换的67例患者临床资料进行整理分析,所有患者均在腰硬联合麻醉下进行置换术,根据镇痛方式不同分为多模式局部浸润镇痛（实验组,39例）和术后自控静脉镇痛泵组（对照组,28例）。观察对比2组在术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h 疼痛 VAS 评分、术后前3天股四头肌肌力、膝关节活动度以及镇痛相关不良事件发生情况。结果实验组在术后各时间点的疼痛 VAS 评分均小于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;术后6 h、12 h 2组在股四头肌肌力比较无差异无统计学意义;术后24 h、48 h、72 h 实验组股四头肌肌力均高于对照组（P＜0.05）;术后各时间点实验组膝关节活动度均明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）;实验组镇痛不良反应发生率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论对于全膝关节置换术患者采用局部浸润镇痛的多模式镇痛临床效果肯定,有利于术后关节功能的恢复。     

应用吗啡复合地佐辛对老年AD髋关节置换术后的镇痛效果及血清Glu、Cor水平的影响

目的:观察吗啡复合地佐辛对老年阿尔茨海默病(AD)髋关节置换术(THR)后的镇痛效果及血清Glu、Cor水平的影响。方法:选择于我院行THR的患者120例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组(n=60)和观察组(n=60),对照组术后予以盐酸氢吗啡酮镇痛,观察组使用盐酸氢吗啡酮复合地佐辛进行镇痛。观察两组术后VAS评分以及Ramsay评分,对比两组术后镇痛药物加用情况,测定两组炎症因子以及血清Glu、Cor的水平,观察两组不良反应情况。结果:术后48 h,观察组VAS评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05),两组术后1 h以及术后48 h的Ramsay评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组镇痛药加用率显著低于对照组,且镇痛药物加用量显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后24 h,观察组血清CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术后即刻的血清Cor、Glu水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后8 h和术后12 h,观察组血清Cor、Glu浓度显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后48 h内不良反应发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:应用吗啡复合地佐辛对老年AD髋关节置换术可有效缓解患者术后疼痛,缓解术后炎症反应,降低血清Cor,Glu水平,同时降低不良反应发生率,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

地佐辛与舒芬太尼在剖宫产术后静脉自控镇痛中的效果

目的：比较地佐辛与舒芬太尼用于剖宫产术后静脉自控镇痛的效果.方法：选取行剖宫产产妇68例,随机分为地佐辛组和舒芬太尼组,每组34例,术后分别给予地佐辛和舒芬太尼镇痛,比较两组产妇术后4、12、24及36 h Ramsay镇痛评分、VAS评分及术后24h不良反应发生情况.结果：两组产妇各时间点VAS评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;地佐辛组术后4h、12 h Ramsay评分明显高于舒芬太尼组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,术后24 h、36 h两组Ramsay评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术后24 h内地佐辛组不良反应发生率明显低于舒芬太尼组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论：地佐辛用于剖宫产术后静脉自控镇痛的效果与舒芬太尼相当,但不良反应率明显更低.     

东莨菪碱用于乳腺癌术后硬膜外自控镇痛的临床研究

目的研究东莨菪碱对乳腺癌术后硬膜外自控镇痛镇痛镇静效果的影响,及其对术后恶心呕吐的预防治疗作用。方法选择乳腺癌手术患者48例,随机分为东莨菪碱组(S组)和对照组(C组),S组采用东莨菪碱1.8 mg+丁丙诺啡0.6 mg+布比卡因300 mg;C组用丁丙诺啡0,6 mg+布比卡因300 mg,行硬膜外自控镇痛。分别于术后2 h、8 h、24 h、48 h各时点行VAS镇痛评分、Ramsay镇静评分,并对两组患者有效PCA按压次数及不良反应进行观察记录。结果 (1)两组患者镇痛镇静效果均满意,组间比较不同时点Ramsay镇静评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后各时点VAS评分S组低于C组(P0.05),C组有效PCA按压次数多于S组(P0.05)。(2)S组术后恶心呕吐发生率低于C组(P0.05),其他不良反应差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论东莨菪碱可提高乳腺癌术后硬膜外自控镇痛的镇痛效果,对术后恶心呕吐具有预防治疗作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.