护理科研的选题与科研基金的申报

选题是提高课题中标率的关键。为了让广大护理人员掌握申报护理科研基金的基本方法,抓住申报课题的关键,提高申报课题的质量与中标率,从科研选题和标书填写两个方面做了深入阐述。强调立题依据要充分;研究目标要准确;研究方法要具体、可行。     

How to read a research article.

Scientific Inquiry provides a forum to facilitate the ongoing process of questioning and evaluating practice, presents informed practice based on available data, and innovates new practices through research and experimental learning.     

Moving forward in a role as a researcher: the effect of a research method course on nurses' research activity

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a 1-year research course in basic research methodology, designed for clinical nurses, had a positive effect on the nurses' own research activity and their commitment to research in general. The research method applied was use of semistructured interviews. Seventy-nine clinical nurses participated in the study. Students of the research course (n = 37), i.e. the study group, were compared with a group of clinical nurses who did not participate in the course (n = 42), i.e. the reference group. A statistically significant difference was found in several variables between the two groups. Eighty-nine per cent of the study group members were active in planning their own research projects compared with 35.7% in the reference group. The study group also showed a higher level of interest and commitment to research results of others and read English language articles. A total of 13.9% of the study group experienced being unable to find time during working hours to participate in research projects, while this was true for 50% of nurses in the reference group. Experiences from the research course in basic methodology show that educational programmes designed for clinical nurses may facilitate and support their own research efforts as well as enhance their commitment to research in general. The course reinforced nurses' self-confidence in research-based practice. Clinical nurses require personal initiative, perseverance and competence in research methodology as well as sensitization towards a research culture in order to move away from the salaried work of a practitioner and into the role of a researcher.     

Decolonising research: a shift toward reconciliation

Although awareness of cultural differences that distinguish Indigenous peoples has increased worldwide following attention from international human rights bodies, Indigenous cultural values have had little influence in shaping research agendas or methods of inquiry. Self-determination and reconciliation policies have been part of the decolonisation agenda of governments for several decades; however, these have not, until recently, been considered of relevance to research. Indigenous peoples feel that they are the most studied population in Australia, to the point where even the word research arouses feelings of suspicion and defensive attitudes. Indigenous people are generally cynical about the benefits of research and cautious toward what many perceive to be the colonial mentality or 'positional superiority' ingrained in the psyche of western researchers. This article examines the characteristics and colonising effects of traditional research methods and describes an alternative, decolonising approach. Decolonising research methodology is congruent with Indigenous epistemology and is guided by the values and research agenda of Indigenous people. The Guidelines for ethical conduct in Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander health research, developed by the National Aboriginal and Islander Health Organisation (NAIHO) with the National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC) in 2003 are examined, as they exemplify a decolonising paradigm for researchers.     

Narrative research: a viable methodology for clinical nursing

TOPIC: Narrative research provides a reasonable methodology for gathering rich, multidimensional data in the clinical setting. PURPOSE: To familiarize nurses with the concept of narrative research, review pertinent narrative research literature, and identify some ways this methodology can be integrated into clinical nursing. SOURCES: A review of published literature from psychology, sociology, anthropology, and nursing, with citations from women with breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Narrative research can make a valid contribution to nursing science in language familiar to nurses and other healthcare professionals.     

Using focus groups as a research method: a personal experience

AIM: The personal experience and systematic process of using focus groups as a research method to assist change within an NHS Trust are described. BACKGROUND: Focus groups have recently emerged as a popular qualitative research method in health research and were used in a qualitative research study to explore, from an Enrolled Nurse perspective, what it was that prevented them coming forward for conversion to the First Level of the UKCC Nursing Register. METHOD: The author facilitated the five focus groups with Enrolled Nurse membership within the local organizational context. Data were recorded on audio-tapes and transcribed in preparation for analysis. RESULTS: The use of focus groups in health care research has key benefits for involving people in the research process and the subsequent changes that may occur as a result. The use of focus groups presented real challenges in the area of recruiting Enrolled Nurses to engage in such a process. CONCLUSIONS: Focus groups have a valuable role to play in both research and the involvement of people in organizational change and development. However, to persuade traditionally disempowered groups to engage in the process will be a challenge to the leaders of such projects.     

Writing a scientific paper prior to the research

We propose that many potential pitfalls of a research study can be brought to light through the exercise of writing a zeroth draft of the paper before beginning formal data collection. Further, because the zeroth draft of the paper contains the elements required in most research proposals--background, rationale, approach to data analysis, methods, and significance--it may serve as a generic grant application that can be easily recast in the style required by a specific funding agency. Moreover, the task of preparing the final report after completing the study is a shorter, less painful process if one has only to revise the zeroth draft rather than face the blank page. In these ways writing the scientific paper before gathering the data can help an investigator plan, fund, execute, and report a study that asks and answers specific and important questions.     

Tackling perinatal loss, a participatory action research approach: research protocol

pastor-montero s.m., romero-sánchez j.m., paramio-cuevas j.c., hueso-montoro c., paloma-castro o., lillo-crespo m., castro-yuste c., toledano-losa a.c., carnicer-fuentes c., ortegón-gallego j.a. & frandsen a.j. (2012) Tackling perinatal loss, a participatory action research approach: research protocol. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(11), 2578-2585. ABSTRACT: Aim. The aim of this study was to promote changes to improve the care provided to parents who have experienced a perinatal loss through participatory action research. Background. The birth of a child is a joyful event for most families, however, unfortunately some pregnancies end in loss. Perinatal loss creates a heavy emotional impact not only on parents but also on health professionals, where in most cases there is an evident lack of skills, strategies and resources to cope with these kinds of situations. Design. Participatory action research is the methodology proposed to achieve the purpose of this study. Methods. Participatory action research consists of five stages: outreach and awareness, induction, interaction, implementation and systematization. The working group will include professionals from the Mother and Child Unit for patients at a tertiary level public hospital in Spain. The duration of the study will be 3?years since the approval of the protocol in January 2011. The qualitative techniques used will include group dynamics such as the SWOT analysis the nominal group technique, focus groups and brainstorming, among others that will be recorded and transcribed, generating reports throughout the evolution of the group sessions and about the consensus reached. Content analysis will be conducted on the field diaries kept by the participants and researchers. This project has been funded by the Andalusian Regional Ministry of Health. Discussion. Participatory action research is a methodological strategy that allows changes in clinical practice to conduct a comprehensive transformative action in the care process for perinatal loss.     

基于行动研究的护理人员科研能力培训模式的构建与实践*

目的: 构建护理人员科研能力培训新模式,并探讨培训模式的有效性。方法: 基于行动研究法的框架,通过发现问题、分析问题、形成计划、实施计划、效果评估和反思与修正计划等螺旋式循环,构建护理人员科研能力培训新模式。第1循环小班制探索,第2循环大班制验证,观察培训前后100名护理人员科研能力情况,并采用柯氏模型对科研能力培训效果进行评估。结果: 被培训者对培训内容、培训时间安排、培训材料、培训方法的满意度均高于90%;培训后护理科研能力自评总分高于培训前,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;培训后申报课题率高于培训前（P<0.05）;培训后获得科研立项项目数高于培训前（P<0.05）。结论: 基于行动研究构建的护理人员科研能力培训模式可提高护理人员培训满意度,有效提高护理人员科研能力。     

Development of a productive research culture in emergency medicine: Report of the outcomes of a research forum

In recent years, the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) has increasingly focused on the need for high‐quality research in emergency medicine (EM). One important initiative was the establishment of the ACEM Foundation, which among other responsibilities, is required to support clinical research through the provision of research funding and other measures. In February 2015, the Foundation held a Research Forum that was attended by the leading EM researchers from Australasia. The Forum aimed to determine how a productive research culture could be developed within the ACEM. Nine key objectives were determined including that research should be a core business of the ACEM and a core activity of the EM workforce, and that EM research should be sustainable and adequately supported. This report describes the background and conduct of the Forum, its recommendations and the way in which they could be implemented.     

住院艾滋病患者心理感受的质性研究

目的 了解和探讨住院艾滋病患者的心理状况,以引导护士为患者提供全身心的护理服务.方法 采用质性研究中的现象学研究法,对12例艾滋病住院患者进行了深入访谈和观察.结果 住院艾滋病患者的心理感受主要有:获知患艾滋病后感到震惊、恐惧;不堪忍受疾病的折磨以致产生自杀的念头;渴求家人的陪伴;需要精神层面的支持;因经济拮据而产生病情好转后投入继续工作之中的打算;惦念与牵挂家中的孩子.结论 护士应正确识别、评估住院艾滋病患者的不同心理变化阶段,了解患者的生存状态,加强心理支持和护理,提高患者生存质量.     

Action research: A mechanism for active engagement of clinical nurses in a program of research

This study aimed to explore the outcomes of active participation in an action research project on building the research capacity of clinical nurses. In this qualitative research study, six registered nurses volunteered to participate in the action research team. None of the nurses reported having any prior research experience. This study was part of a larger three‐phase project. The nurses were required to reflect on the data about their medication practice of phase 1, develop and implement a bundle of interventions in phase 2 to improve medication safety, and evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions in phase 3. We report the nurses' participation in Action Research during phase 2. Meeting minutes and six semistructured interviews were thematically analyzed. The results showed that after receiving support to enhance their research skills from the research team, the nurses were empowered to perform and lead clinical nursing research project. Nurses were able to take ownership of the research process and outcomes and were then able to translate their new research knowledge and skills into their clinical practice by building their own research capacity.     

Building a program of research

This article provides highlights of a talk titled, "Building a Program of Research," given at the Japan Academy of Nursing Science's 28th annual meeting, Fukuoka, Japan, on 13 December 2008. A program of research is defined as a coherent expression of a researcher's area of interest that has public health significance, builds from the published research literature in the field, has relevance for clinical nursing practice, and captures the passion and commitment of the researcher. The Outcomes Model for Health Care Research is proposed as a framework for how to develop and articulate a program of research. Eight steps are proposed to help a new researcher to think about how to build a program of research.     

Developing a virtual interdisciplinary research community in higher education

As multidisciplinary collaboration in both clinical and research settings is becoming a key aspect of contemporary health care, strategies to enhance interprofessional interaction in postgraduate research programmes can offer important experiences to facilitate on-going interprofessional relationships. This paper provides a retrospective appraisal of a strategy which used computermediated communication to develop a virtual community network, known as health_voice, accessed through a web page. The rationale for developing the network is presented, and the process of designing and establishing the web-site through an action research approach is described. The outcome of the strategy is reviewed with regard to the relationships between the real and virtual community. Reflections on the developmental process contextualise the initiative within a concept of a communityof-practice. It is acknowledged that the use of a virtual arena for communication within a research community involves a cultural change in the dynamics of higher degree teaching and learning. Future plans to further embed the virtual environment within a postgraduate research culture are given.