体外反搏对心肌缺血犬RAS的影响及与血流动力学的关系

目的:探讨心肌缺血与体外反搏(ECP)时犬局部肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)和血流动力学的改变以及它们之间的关系。方法:采用冠状动脉结扎法复制犬急性心肌缺血模型,检测缺血及外加反搏时缺血心肌、主动脉、肾脏、肺等局部肾素活性、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)水平和血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)活性,用八导生理记录仪记录血流动力学,分析它们之间的关系。结果:缺血能激活缺血区心肌、主动脉处肾素、ACE和AngⅡ,除缺血区心肌肾素外,ECP抑制缺血区心肌与主动脉处三者。缺血还能激活对循环RAS影响较大的肾脏与肺RAS,反搏对其有一定抑制作用。缺血与反搏时的血流动力学改变和心血管局部AngⅡ水平有关。结论:体外反搏治疗心肌缺血时,局部RAS和血流动力学状态的改变呈相关关系,即体外反搏对血流动力学的改善作用和能抑制局部RAS有关,这可能是它对缺血心肌起保护作用的机制之一。     

压力超负荷致心肌肥大过程中心肌内分泌因子活化

目的探讨急性压力超负荷心肌肥大的跨膜信号传递机制.方法分别利用放射免疫法、分光光度法、免疫组化及原位杂交法动态观察压力超负荷后大鼠心肌组织血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)活性、血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)、一氧化氮含量和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)表达的变化,并观察它们与压力超负荷心肌肥大的关系.结果随大鼠血压升高,心肌组织中ACE活性及AngⅡ含量均迅速升高(P＜0.05),并持续保持高水平,bFGF表达先升高(P＜0.05)后又恢复到正常水平;AngⅡ含量升高早于bFGF表达升高;而一氧化氮含量迅速降低并持续受抑(P＜0.05).结论心肌内分泌活化可能是介导压力超负荷致心肌肥大的重要机制.     

ACE/AngⅡ/AT1轴和ACE2/Ang(1-7)/Mas轴对脂肪组织糖脂代谢的影响

肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)存在两条相互拮抗的轴:血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)-血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)-AT1轴和血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)-血管紧张素(1-7)[Ang(1-7)]-Mas轴。RAS可作用于脂肪组织对糖脂代谢进行调节。ACE/AngⅡ/AT1轴引起脂肪组织糖代谢异常,而ACE2/Ang(1-7)/Mas轴能改善脂肪组织糖代谢。RAS在肥胖患者被过度激活,与肥胖、脂代谢紊乱和胰岛素抵抗存在潜在的联系。深入研究ACE/AngⅡ/AT1轴和ACE2/Ang(1-7)/Mas轴对脂肪组织糖脂代谢的影响,有可能为改善糖脂代谢发现新的治疗靶点。     

局部肾素-血管紧张素系统在反搏治疗心肌缺血时的改变及其机制

目的:探讨局部肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)在心肌缺血与体外反搏(ECP)治疗时的改变及其改变机制。方法:利用冠状动脉结扎法造成急性心肌缺血犬模型,观察缺血与ECP治疗时缺血心肌和主动脉壁肾素活性、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)水平的改变,应用反转录-聚合酶链式反应观察血管紧张素原与肾素mRNA的表达。结果:反搏组缺血心肌肾素活性、AngⅡ水平和主动脉壁AngⅡ水平都明显低于缺血组。反搏组缺血心肌中血管紧张素原、肾素以及主动脉肾素mRNA也明显低于缺血组,其中,除缺血心肌肾素mRNA外,均降至正常水平。结论:ECP能通过抑制心血管肾素mRNA的表达来抑制肾素活性,还对血管紧张素原mRNA有抑制作用,造成心血管局部AngⅡ的降低,这可能是ECP保护缺血心肌的机制之一。     

肾素原及其受体的研究进展

肾素-血管紧张素系统包括肾素、血管紧张素原、血管紧张素Ⅰ(angiotensionⅠ,AngⅠ)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensionⅡ,AngⅡ)等,其在心血管及肾脏系统起重要作用.以往认为,RAS激活的初始途径是肾素作用于全身循环及局部组织中的血管紧张素原,使其转化为AngⅠ、继而产生AngⅡ、血管紧张素Ⅲ(angiotensionⅢ,AngⅢ)等,而后发挥病理生理学效应.近期,肾素原(prorenin)及其受体(prorenin receptor,RnR)的发现再为RAS增加了新内容.     

雌激素缺乏上调大鼠肾脏肾素和血管紧张素转化酶的表达

<正>肾素-血管紧张素系统(renin-angiotensin system,RAS)在慢性肾病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)发病进程中发挥重要作用,血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensin,AngⅡ)作为RAS的主要生物活性物质通过升高肾小体血管血压,造成肾小体血管上皮细胞、内皮细胞和系膜细胞的损伤,诱导CKD的发生。肾素在RAS中扮演蛋白水解酶作用,此外,肾素(原)还能与其受     

心肌缺血时大鼠离体心脏局部肾素—血管紧张素系统表达的变化

临床和基础研究者运用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI)戒血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1（AT1）阻断剂都发现它们有抗心肌缺血效应,由此而推断心脏局部肾素－血管紧张素系统（RAS）在此状态下有可能激活,然而,有关心肌缺血后心肌局部RAS成分完整变化的研究特别分子水平上的研究至今鲜有报道。我们的研究表明,一定时间和一定程度的缺血可以引起心脏局部RAS组成成分血管紧张素原（ANG）、肾素（Renin)和转换酶（ACE）基因表达上调,导致它们相应的蛋白质成分水平上升,最终其使其效应物质血管张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)浓度在局部组织中升高。但是,再灌注后心脏局部此表达过程并没有进一步升高。反而有所下降。提示缺血造成的RAS激活是一过性的,比较短暂,再灌注可能不是引起RAS表达增高的因素。心脏局部RAS这种短暂表达究竟有何生理意义尚待进一步的研究予以阐明。     

ACE2及其特殊功能

血管紧张素转换酶2(angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,ACE2)是新发现的与血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)相关的羧肽酶,在肾素-血管紧张素系统(rennin-angiotensin system,RAS)中ACE2可以使AngⅡ转换为Ang1-7,从而产生与血管紧张素Ⅱ相反的效应,同时ACE2还可使AngⅠ转换为Ang1-9 .研究发现:ACE2与高血压、SARS以及肾脏、生殖等系统的疾病有着密切的关系.     

血管紧张素转换酶2在自发性高血压大鼠肾脏表达与血压的关系研究

目的： 研究血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)在20周龄自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)和Wistar Kyoto大鼠(WKY)肾脏组织的表达以及与血压的关系。 方法： 采用实时定量PCR方法检测肾脏组织中ACE2 mRNA的含量，应用放免法测定肾脏组织血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)的浓度。 结果： 20周龄SHR的血压明显高于WKY（P<0.05）,SHR肾脏组织ACE2的表达显著低于WKY（P<0.01），而SHR肾脏组织AngⅡ的浓度显著高于WKY（P<0.05）。 结论： ACE2在肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)中可能通过改变SHR肾脏中AngⅡ水平调节血压。     

地塞米松抑制肾素-血管紧张素系统减轻大鼠急性肺损伤

目的：观察肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS）在大鼠急性肺损伤中的作用及地塞米松（DEX）的影响。方法: 在大鼠失血性休克的基础上,腹腔注射内毒素（二次打击）造成急性肺损伤模型,直接插管法检测大鼠平均动脉血压（MAP）;逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)观察各组大鼠肺脏组织中血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）、血管紧张素原（AGT）、血管紧张素II 1型受体（AT1）和血管紧张素II 2型受体（AT2）mRNA的表达及测定大鼠血清血管紧张素I (AngⅠ)、血管紧张素II（AngⅡ）的变化。结果: 二次打击组（HL）大鼠平均动脉血压恢复很慢,而地塞米松治疗组（HLD）平均动脉血压恢复的速度较HL明显增快,且平均动脉血压水平的升高具有明显差异。与对照组（C）相比,HL组ACE、AGT mRNA表达水平明显增高,而HLD组明显低于HL组。AT1、AT2 mRNA各组表达水平则无明显差异。与C组相比,HL组AngⅡ的含量明显升高,HLD组大鼠血清AngⅡ的含量比HL组均明显减低,Ang I含量的变化不明显。结论: 失血性休克后LPS诱发的急性肺损伤可能与激活肺脏的肾素－血管紧张素系统有关,抑制肺脏的肾素－血管紧张素系统的激活是DEX轻这种急性肺损伤的机制之一。     

雷公藤甲素抗肿瘤血管新生的研究进展（英文）

雷公藤甲素(triptolide,TPL)是从中草药雷公藤中提取的一种有效活性物质,已被用来治疗多种疾病,包括系统性红斑狼疮,类风湿性关节炎,肾病综合征等,TPL甚至有很强的抑制肿瘤的活性。近些年的研究显示,TPL具有抗血管新生的能力,TPL不仅可以抑制肿瘤的增殖,诱导细胞的凋亡,还可以抑制肿瘤的转移,可以增加其它化疗药物的抗肿瘤活性。本综述将讨论TPL在抗肿瘤血管新生方面的研究进展,以及初步探讨其潜在的作用机制。     

Changes in activity of neutral proteases in tissues of ground squirrels in the dynamics of hibernation

Total activities of neutral proteases in the cerebral, hepatic, and myocardial tissues of ground squirrel vary during hibernation: in autumn (before hibernation) activities of the enzymes in the brain and myocardium start increasing, while in the liver they do not change. A common feature for all tissues is minimum activity of active neutral proteases in the middle of hibernation month 1 bout, while the maximum activity is recorded before awakening. Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 146, No. 9, pp. 278–280, September, 2008     

Kinetics of decline of maternal measles virus-neutralizing antibodies in sera of infants in France in 2006

The optimal age for measles vaccination is an important health issue, since maternal antibodies may neutralize the vaccine antigen before a specific immune response develops, while delaying vaccination may increase the risk of complicated diseases in infants. However, measles vaccination impacts the duration of protection afforded by transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies: vaccination-induced maternal antibodies disappear faster than disease-induced antibodies. In order to maintain protection against measles in infants, it is important to monitor the dynamics of this phenomenon in vaccinated populations. To assess the current situation in France, a multicenter, prospective seroepidemiological study was conducted in seven French hospitals between October 2005 and January 2007. Maternal measles antibody concentrations from 348 infants 0 to 15 months old were measured using the plaque reduction neutralization assay. Geometric mean concentrations and the percentage of infants with maternal measles antibody concentrations above the protection threshold (≥120 mIU/ml) were assessed according to age. Results show that after more than 20 years of routine measles vaccination in France, maternal measles-neutralizing antibodies decrease dramatically in French infants by 6 months of age, from 1,740 mIU/ml for infants 0 to 1 month old to 223 mIU/ml for infants 5 to 6 months old, and that 90% of infants are not protected against measles after 6 months of age. Infant protection against measles could be optimized both by increasing herd immunity through an increased vaccine coverage and by lowering the age of routine vaccination from 12 to 9 months.     

Effect of vitamin C in reducing the toxicity of endosulfan in liver in rabbits

In this study, the effect of endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, and the ameliorating effect of vitamin C on the livers of New Zealand white rabbits were studied. Livers of the rabbits were examined grossly and histopathologically, and caspase-3 activity was detected by immunohistochemical methods. A total of twenty-four rabbits were divided into four groups (n=6). Rabbits in Group I (END) were daily given a sublethal dose of endosulfan (1 mg/kg bw) in corn oil by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Group II (END+C) received the same dose of endosulfan and additionally Vit C (20 mg/kg bw) every other day during this period. Group III (OIL+C) received corn oil daily by oral gavage and vitamin C every other day for 6 weeks. Group IV (OIL), the control group, received only corn oil daily, by oral gavage throughout the experiment. The concentration of α-endosulfan in the END group was higher in livers (0.102±0.012 ppb) than the β-endosulfan (0.072±0.001 ppb). Decreased accumulation of α and β endosulfan was observed in the END+C group (0.025±0.003 and 0.016±0.002 ppb, respectively) (p<0.0001). The most prominent gross findings at the necropsy were seen in the END group, in which swollen and pale livers were commonly observed. Hemorrhages, degenerations, necrosis, and in some rabbits bile duct hyperplasia were the marked histopathological findings of the END group. Caspase-3 positive reaction was more severe in this group than in the others. An ameliorating effect of Vit C on gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings was observed in the END+C group. The results revealed that endosulfan is highly toxic for rabbit livers. However, toxicity was decreased by Vit C treatment, which reduced the accumulation of endosulfan in livers four-fold.