CT三维定点坐标法对寰枢椎椎弓根的解剖学测量

目的设计一种定点参照测量法在螺旋CT三维重建下测量寰枢椎椎弓根。方法56例18岁～75岁(平均40.3岁)正常成人寰枢关节,螺旋CT扫描并重建,模拟寰枢椎弓根钉植入,3D重建后应用自行设计的定点测量法测量寰枢椎双侧椎弓根各主要解剖数值:椎弓根高度、宽度、进钉点距后正中矢状面距离、椎根弓内斜角及上斜角;应用SPSS12.0软件对人正常状态下寰枢椎椎弓根各测量数据进行分析。结果正常寰枢椎椎弓根各测量数据双侧差异均无统计学意义,取双侧平均值。正常寰枢关节寰椎椎弓高度(4.51±0.69)mm,上斜角7.00°±1.04°,内斜角13.93°±2.11°,椎弓根宽度(5.70±0.80)mm,长度(28.75±1.57)mm,进钉点距后正中矢状面距离(20.17±1.83)mm;枢椎椎弓根高度(7.20±1.11)mm,上斜角25.00°±3.20°,内斜角24.49°±3.70°,椎弓根宽度(5.40±0.85)mm,长度(28.10±1.20)mm,进钉点距后正中矢状面距离(19.44±1.32)mm。结论自行设计的定点参照测量法在CT三维重建下测量上颈椎椎弓根准确可靠,为临床上颈椎疾患诊治和手术设计、风险评估提供了一种新的影像解剖学测量方法。     

CT三维定点坐标法对寰枢椎椎弓根的解剖学测量

目的设计一种定点参照测量法在螺旋CT三维重建下测量寰枢椎椎弓根。方法56例18岁～75岁（平均40．3岁）正常成人寰枢关节．螺旋CT扫描并重建,模拟寰枢椎弓根钉植入,3D重建后应用自行设计的定点测量法测量寰枢椎双侧椎弓根各主要解剖数值：椎弓根高度、宽度、进钉点距后正中矢状面距离、椎根弓内斜角及上斜角;应用SPSS12．0软件对人正常状态下寰枢椎椎弓根各测量数据进行分析。结果正常寰枢椎椎弓根各测量数据双侧差异均无统计学意义,取双侧平均值。正常寰枢关节寰椎椎弓高度（4．51±0．69）mm,上斜角7．00°±1．04°,内斜角13．93°±2．11°,椎弓根宽度（5．70±0．80）mm,长度（28．75±1．57）mm,进钉点距后正中矢状面距离（20．17±1．83）mm;枢椎椎弓根高度（720±1．11）mm,上斜角25．00°±3．20°,内斜角24．49°±3．70°,椎弓根宽度（5．40±0．85）mm,长度（28．10±1.21）mm,进钉点距后正中矢状面距离（19.44±1．32）mm．结论自行设计的定点参照测量法在CT三维重建下测量上颈椎椎弓根准确可靠,为临床上颈椎疾患诊治和手术设计、风险评估提供了一种新的影像解剖学测量方法。     

64层螺旋CT在诊断隐匿性骨折中的价值

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT在诊断隐匿性骨折中的价值.方法 回顾性分析73例经DR检查阴性而64层螺旋CT确诊的隐匿性骨折患者,根据损伤部位骨结构,利用MPR,VR,SSD技术调整多角度图像来显示骨折能力.结果 73例隐匿性骨折中,发生于环枢关节15例,肩关节7例,颈椎2例,肋骨5例,髋关节2例,腕关节3例,膝关节9例,肘关节5例,足跗骨9例,骶尾骨3例,踝关节7例,颞颌关节2例,胸肋关节、下颌骨、甲状软骨、舌骨各1例,CT横断面图像骨折显示率89%（65/73）,结合MPR,SSD,VR多平面调整,骨折显示率100%（73/73）.结论 64层螺旋CT显示隐匿性骨折的能力明显高于DR,可以发现临床高度怀疑骨折而平片检查阴性患者的细微骨折,能够作为隐匿性骨折的首选检查方法.     

64层螺旋CT诊断环杓关节脱位的价值

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT对环杓关节脱位的诊断价值。方法：20例单侧声带麻痹患者在平静呼吸及Valsalva呼吸状态下分别行喉部64层螺旋CT轴位薄层扫描并采用容积再现（VR）技术进行图像三维重组。结果：杓状软骨前脱位12例，后脱位8例。复位治疗后复查CT，17例环杓关节显示正常。结论：64层螺旋CT能清晰显示环杓关节脱位的病变特征，对环杓关节脱位的诊断与复位治疗后评估具有重要的临床价值。     

寰枢关节的功能性CT解剖研究

目的：利用螺旋CT三维成像观察寰枢关节不同功能状态下的影像学解剖,了解寰枢关节的功能特点,为异常病变提供解剖基础。方法：选取60例正常志愿者进行螺旋CT扫描,体位选择为中立位、最大限度的左旋转位、最大限度的右旋转位,然后进行冠状面、矢状面重建、VR重建,观察其影像学特点。结果：正常中立位,寰枢关节上下关节面基本对齐。轴位53例枢椎齿状突位于寰椎前弓后方的中间位置,两侧距离对称。7例寰齿侧间隙不对称。左旋位寰枢关节吻合面分离2/3。右旋位寰枢关节吻合面分离2/3。结论：颈椎在不同的旋转功能状态下,以寰枢侧关节移动为主,以寰齿关节移动为辅,正常情况下,寰齿侧关节间隙可以是不对称的。     

寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定重建上颈椎不稳

目的 探讨寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定融合重建上颈椎不稳的临床疗效.方法 采用寰枢椎椎弓根钉内固定自体髂骨植骨治疗上颈椎不稳患者21例,其中Ⅱ型齿状突骨折13例,齿状突不连5例,横韧带损伤3例.在寰枢椎后弓间植骨融合,使寰枢椎复合体得到稳定.结果 共置入84枚螺钉,术中2枚螺钉穿破寰椎左侧椎弓根外侧壁,未发生脊髓、椎动脉损伤.所有患者X线片示寰椎完全复位,枢椎齿状突骨折处复位良好.CT片示螺钉与椎动脉及脊髓位置关系良好.按JOA评分标准,优15例,良3例,可2例,差1例,优良率85.71%(18/21).17例患者获得随访,随访时间12～26(12.83±4.23)个月,均获得骨性融合,未发现钉板断裂.结论 寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉结合钉板系统固定重建上颈椎不稳能显著增强寰枢椎间生物力学稳定性,植骨融合率高,该术式在寰枢椎融合术中具有较高的推广应用价值.     

多层螺旋CT血管成像对椎-基底动脉异常的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)对椎-基底动脉异常的诊断价值。方法用Siemens 16 CT机对随机选择30例行MSCTA检查,图像后处理采用多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影法(MIP)和容积再现(VR)等技术进行重建,观察椎-基底动脉的形态学变化和周围骨性结构的情况并进行分析。结果30例中,椎-基底动脉表现正常3例,椎动脉表现异常27例54条:其中椎动脉走行迂曲12条;椎动脉变细12条;椎动脉局部狭窄28条;单侧椎动脉闭塞2条。另2例基底动脉延长扩张,其中1例伴有动脉瘤形成;7例基底动脉局部狭窄。结论MSCTA能清晰显示椎-基底动脉,横突孔及钩椎关节等结构的改变。     

多层螺旋CT血管成像对椎-基底动脉异常的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像（MSCTA）对椎-基底动脉异常的诊断价值。方法用Siemens16CT机对随机选择30例行MSCTA检查．图像后处理采用多平面重组（MPR）、最大密度投影法（MIP）和容积再现（VR）等技术进行重建,观察椎-基底动脉的形态学变化和周围骨性结构的情况并进行分析。结果30例中,椎-基底动脉表现正常3例,椎动脉表现异常27例54条：其中椎动脉走行迂曲12条;椎动脉变细12条;椎动脉局部狭窄28条;单侧椎动脉闭塞2条。另2例基底动脉延长扩张．其中1例伴有动脉瘤形成;7例基底动脉局部狭窄。结论MSCTA能清晰显示椎-基底动脉,横突孔及钩椎关节等结构的改变。     

多层螺旋CT在上颈椎损伤中的诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）三维及多平面重建在上颈椎损伤中的临床应用价值。方法25例上颈椎损伤患者,采用MSCT3～5mm扫描、1．0mm重建后作三维及多平面重建。结果上颈椎椎体骨折18例,其中齿状突骨折6例,环枢关节脱位7例,其中环齿关节脱位6例,单纯枢椎旋转脱位1例。结论螺旋CT三维及多平面重建能明确显示上颈椎骨折、脱位情况,有助于临床及时准确地制订治疗方案。     

256层螺旋CT血管造影对婴幼儿重症法洛四联症术前诊断的价值

目的 探讨256层螺旋CT血管造影在婴幼儿重症法洛四联症术前诊断中的价值.方法 2008年1月至2010年12月对48例重症法洛四联症婴幼儿术前行256层螺旋CT检查,所有病例均随后在工作站进行分析,用最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重组(MPR)和容积再现(VR)等方法,同时与经胸超声心动图(TTE)及手术结果对照.结果 CT检查中,发现TTE漏诊动脉导管未闭4例;主动脉缩窄6例;同时CT显示5例(6处)体、肺动脉粗大侧支.48例患儿中,手术证实256层螺旋CT诊断准确47例,TTE诊断准确33例.256层螺旋CT与TTE诊断的准确率分别为97.9％(47/48)、68.8％ (33/48),两种检查方法的诊断准确率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 256层螺旋CT可作为婴幼儿重症法洛四联症术前诊断及合理制订手术方案的重要依据.     

Investigation and Control of Anthrax Outbreak at the Human–Animal Interface,Bhutan, 2010

In 2010, we investigated anthrax outbreak in Bhutan. A total of 43 domestic animals died, and cutaneous anthrax developed in 9 persons, and 1 died. All affected persons had contact with the carcasses of infected animals. Comprehensive preparedness and response guidelines are needed to increase public awareness of anthrax in Bhutan.     

Risk for Travel-associated Legionnaires’ Disease,Europe, 2009

Legionnaires’ disease is underreported in Europe; notification rates differ substantially among countries. Approximately 20% of reported cases are travel-associated. To assess the risk for travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease (TALD) associated with travel patterns in European countries, we retrieved TALD surveillance data for 2009 from the European Surveillance System, and tourism denominator data from the Statistical Office of the European Union. Risk (number cases reported/number nights spent) was calculated by travel country. In 2009, the network reported 607 cases among European travelers, possibly associated with 825 accommodation sites in European Union countries. The overall risk associated with travel abroad was 0.3 cases/million nights. We observed an increasing trend in risk from northwestern to southeastern Europe; Greece had the highest risk (1.7). Our findings underscore the need for countries with high TALD risks to improve prevention and control of legionellosis; and for countries with high TALD risks, but low notification rates of Legionnaires’ disease to improve diagnostics and reporting.     

Travel-associated Diseases,Indian Ocean Islands, 1997–2010

Data collected by the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network for 1,415 ill travelers returning from Indian Ocean islands during 1997–2010 were analyzed. Malaria (from Comoros and Madagascar), acute nonparasitic diarrhea, and parasitoses were the most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases. An increase in arboviral diseases reflected the 2005 outbreak of chikungunya fever.     

Dengue Virus Transmission by Blood Stem Cell Donor after Travel to Sri Lanka; Germany, 2013

Three days after donation of peripheral blood stem cells to a recipient with acute myeloblastic leukemia, dengue virus was detected in the donor, who had recently traveled to Sri Lanka. Transmission to the recipient, who died 9 days after transplant, was confirmed.     

Haemophilus ducreyi Associated with Skin Ulcers among Children,Solomon Islands

During a survey of yaws prevalence in the Solomon Islands, we collected samples from skin ulcers of 41 children. Using PCR, we identified Haemophilus ducreyi infection in 13 (32%) children. PCR-positive and PCR-negative ulcers were phenotypically indistinguishable. Emergence of H. ducreyi as a cause of nongenital ulcers may affect the World Health Organization’s yaws eradication program.     

Long-Term Survival Among Histological Subtypes in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Population-Based Study Using the Surveillance,Epidemiology, and End Results Database

BackgroundActual long-term survival rates for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are rarely reported.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the role of histological subtypes in predicting the prognosis among long-term survivors (≥5 years) of advanced EOC.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of data among patients with stage III-IV EOC diagnosed from 2000 to 2014 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer data of the United States. We used the chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for the analyses.ResultsWe included 8050 patients in this study, including 6929 (86.1%), 743 (9.2%), 237 (2.9%), and 141 (1.8%) patients with serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors, respectively. With a median follow-up of 91 months, the most common cause of death was primary ovarian cancer (80.3%), followed by other cancers (8.1%), other causes of death (7.3%), cardiac-related death (3.2%), and nonmalignant pulmonary disease (3.2%). Patients with the serous subtype were more likely to die from primary ovarian cancer, and patients with the mucinous subtype were more likely to die from other cancers and cardiac-related disease. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that patients with endometrioid (hazard ratio [HR] 0.534, P<.001), mucinous (HR 0.454, P<.001), and clear cell (HR 0.563, P<.001) subtypes showed better ovarian cancer-specific survival than those with the serous subtype. Similar results were found regarding overall survival. However, ovarian cancer–specific survival and overall survival were comparable among those with endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors.ConclusionsOvarian cancer remains the primary cause of death in long-term ovarian cancer survivors. Moreover, the probability of death was significantly different among those with different histological subtypes. It is important for clinicians to individualize the surveillance program for long-term ovarian cancer survivors.     

Outbreak of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin–Associated Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Infection in a Rugby Team,France, 2010–2011

Staphylococcus aureus strains that produce Panton-Valentine leukocidin are known to cause community infections. We describe an outbreak of skin abscesses caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin–producing methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (clonal complex 121) in a professional rugby team in France during July 2010–February 2011. Eight team members were carriers; 7 had skin abscesses.     

大龄单身女性寻求生育力保存的伦理问题探析

近年来,在肿瘤和卵巢相关疾病发生率逐年增加、不少大龄单身女性渴望为自己购买一份“生殖保险”等社会及个人因素催化下,人类对于生育力保存的需求急剧增加,满足这一需求正在或将成为重大挑战。对于寻求进行生育力保存的大龄单身女性来说,在合适的年龄应用玻璃化冷冻技术将其卵母细胞冻存是目前可采用的最佳生育力保存手段。而单身女性卵子冷冻将面临来自伦理道德、社会乃至法律的巨大挑战。本文概述国内外大龄单身女性卵子冷冻的现状,并对其可能涉及的相关伦理问题及解决途径进行综述,以促进理性正视单身女性卵子冷冻问题。     

Raccoons and skunks as sentinels for enzootic tularemia

We analyzed sera from diverse mammals of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, for evidence of Francisella tularensis exposure. Skunks and raccoons were frequently seroreactive, whereas white-footed mice, cottontail rabbits, deer, rats, and dogs were not. Tularemia surveillance may be facilitated by focusing on skunks and raccoons.