肠系膜上动脉瘤多层螺旋CT血管成像的表现

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像（MSCTA）在肠系膜上动脉瘤（superior mesenteric artery aneurysms, SMAA）诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析6例SMAA患者的临床资料和MSCTA表现。结果 6例共检出SMAA 6个,瘤体大小0.7 cm×0.6 cm×1.2 cm～3.0 cm×2.5 cm×5.0 cm。其中4例位于肠系膜上动脉主干,2例位于回结肠动脉分支;3例瘤体钙化,4例血栓形成,1例瘤体破裂伴腹腔积血。结论MSCTA清晰地显示SMAA及其特征性表现,有助于临床治疗方案的制定。     

64排螺旋CT血管成像诊断肠系膜上动脉病变

目的:探讨64排螺旋CT血管成像在肠系膜上动脉病变及肠系膜上动脉相关病变中的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析经CT血管成像诊断肠系膜上动脉病变或肠系膜上动脉相关病变26例的64排螺旋CT资料.使用philips 64排螺旋CT容积扫描,增强扫描于注射对比剂后延迟25 ～ 30 s扫描动脉期,60～ 65s扫描门静脉期.在工作站采用多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)及容积再现(VR)重组肠系膜上动脉图像,分析64排螺旋CT血管成像对肠系膜上动脉病变和肠系膜上动脉相关病变的诊断价值.结果:26例患者均清晰显示肠系膜上动脉及其分支.26例中发现肠系膜上动脉夹层6例,其中单纯性肠系膜上动脉夹层1例,腹主动脉夹层累及肠系膜上动脉5例,CT表现为肠系膜上动脉内真假腔和低密度的内膜片;肠系膜上动脉缺血性病变16例,CT表现为肠系膜上动脉管壁钙化、管腔狭窄、血栓形成,肠壁增厚、水肿.肠系膜上动脉压迫综合征4例,包括十二指肠瘀滞症3例,CT表现为十二指肠第一、二段扩张,肠系膜上动脉与腹主动脉夹角变小;“胡桃夹”综合征1例,CT表现为左肾静脉受压及远端左肾静脉扩张.结论:64排螺旋CT肠系膜上动脉血管成像可以明确观察肠系膜上动脉各类病变情况及周围血管情况,对肠系膜上动脉病变及肠系膜上动脉相关病变具有广泛的临床应用价值.     

特发性肠系膜静脉硬化性结肠炎多层螺旋CT表现

特发性肠系膜静脉硬化性结肠炎(idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerotic colitis,IMP)又称静脉硬化性结肠炎或肠系膜静脉硬化病,是罕见的缺血性结肠炎[1],主要特征为肠系膜静脉及其属支和结肠壁内静脉管壁增厚钙化、管腔狭窄闭塞,并继发结肠肠管(以右半结肠为著)缺血表现.本病临床症...     

肠系膜上动脉与腹主动脉间隙面积诊断肠系膜上动脉综合征

目的 探讨肠系膜上动脉(SMA)与腹主动脉(AO)间隙面积对肠系膜上动脉综合征(SMAS)的诊断价值。方法 收集接受腹部CT增强检查的24例SMAS患者(SMAS组)及42例非SMAS患者(非SMAS组),测量SMA-AO间隙面积、夹角、经十二指肠水平部中心SMA-AO距离及SMA起始部至十二指肠水平部中心水平距离,并进行统计学分析。结果 两组SMA-AO间隙面积、夹角、经十二指肠水平部中心SMA-AO距离及SMA起始部至十二指肠水平部中心水平距离差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),ROC分析显示SMA-AO间隙面积、夹角、经十二指肠水平部中心SMA-AO距离及SMA起始部至十二指肠水平部中心水平距离的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.997、0.783、0.867及0.751。结论 SMA-AO间隙面积对诊断SMAS具有较高的准确率,可作为诊断SMAS的参考标准。     

CT对十二指肠淤滞症与肠系膜上动脉夹角的相关性研究

目的：通过CT研究十二指肠淤滞症与肠系膜上动脉夹角的相关性。方法：回顾性分析20例十二指肠淤滞症患者与30例正常检查者的CT图像,测量肠系膜上动脉（SMA）与腹主动脉（AA）的夹角。结果：20例十二指肠淤滞症患者与30例正常检查者SMA夹角平均值分别为21°和39°,差别具有统计学意义。结论：测量SMA与AA的夹角对诊断十二指肠淤滞症具有重要意义。     

脾动脉起自肠系膜上动脉1例报道并文献复习

脾动脉的解剖变异在临床上比较少见,一般情况下脾动脉直接起源于腹腔干(90.6％)[1].在这篇文章中,我们将描述一个脾动脉起自肠系膜上动脉的病例.这是在一个胰头肿块病人的术前增强CT上发现的,后行CTA及术中探查进一步证实.在既往的文献中这种变异的发生概率小于1.3％[1].血管变异的知识,尤其是腹腔干及肠系膜上动脉分支变异的知识对普外科的临床工作十分重要,国外已有大量文献报道此区域的血管变异[2-8].如果术前没有发现这个变异,按正常的解剖关系行胰头肿块局部切除时可能损伤异位的脾动脉,导致大出血,并且有可能需要切除脾脏,所以在临床工作中发现与手术相关的重要血管的变异是十分重要的,而术前增强CT及CTA能够做到这一点[9-10];我们将结合术前增强CT、CTA及术中所见详细描述此病例的动脉变异情况,以提高大家对此区域血管变异重要性的认识.     

双源CT不同后处理技术诊断肠系膜上动脉狭窄的对比观察

目的 探讨双源CT不同后处理技术在肠系膜上动脉(SMA)狭窄诊断中的价值。方法 对12例经数字减影血管造影(DSA)及手术证实SMA狭窄患者的双源CT血管造影(CTA)图像进行分析,采用多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现(VR)后处理技术对SMA进行显示。以手术及DSA为参考标准,统计双源CT不同后处理技术诊断SMA狭窄的敏感度、特异度。结果 双源CT各种后处理技术中,MPR、MIP、VR敏感度分别为75.00%、62.50%、43.75%,特异度分别为98.00%、92.22%、89.29%。MIP与MPR诊断SMA狭窄的敏感度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),VR与MPR诊断SMA狭窄的敏感度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 双源CT各种后处理技术在诊断SMA狭窄各有优势,结合各种技术有助于准确诊断病变。     

64排螺旋CT评价肠系膜上动脉腹主动脉夹角与肠系膜上动脉压迫性病变及腹部脂肪分布相关性

目的 评估肠系膜上动脉夹角和腹部脂肪分布及肠系膜上动脉压迫性病变的相关性.方法 使用64排螺旋CT回顾性观察19例肠系膜上动脉压迫性病变患者及238例正常检查者肠系膜上动脉和腹主动脉之间夹角的大小以及腹部脂肪体积百分率,并计算出正常人肠系膜上动脉和腹主动脉之间夹角的参考范围以及腹部脂肪体积百分率的范围.结果 19例肠系膜上动脉压迫性病变患者肠系膜上动脉和腹主动脉之间夹角为15.74°±4.93°,腹部脂肪百分率为（22.79±8.30）％;238例正常检查者肠系膜上动脉和腹主动脉之间夹角为48.79°±25.85°,腹部脂肪百分率为（32.58±9.85）％.两组有显著差异（P＜0.0001）.结论 64排多层螺旋CT清楚显示肠系膜上动脉和腹主动脉之间夹角,该夹角＜25°时易发生肠系膜上动脉压迫性病变,该夹角的大小与腹部脂肪体积百分率呈正相关.     

能谱CT最佳单能量肠系膜上动脉成像的价值

目的 探讨能谱CT最佳单能量技术在肠系膜上动脉成像中降低对比剂用量和提升图像质量的可行性.方法 收集我院肠系膜上动脉CTA受检者40例并随机分为A、B两组,A组采用能谱CT成像模式,对比剂用量450 mg I/kg,扫描后重组最佳单能量、40％ASIR图像;B组行常规120 kVp增强扫描,对比剂用量600 mg I/...     

16层螺旋CT肠系膜上动、静脉成像诊断小肠扭转13例分析

目的：探讨肠系膜上动静脉的CTA对小肠扭转的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析手术证实的13例小肠扭转患者的影像学表现,应用最大密度投影（MIP）、曲面重建（CPR）图像。结果：13例中,6例表现为肠系膜上静脉主干或其属支的扭曲,2例为肠系膜上静脉血栓形成,3例见肠系膜上动脉分支的反折,2例肠系膜上动脉栓塞,13例患者均正确诊断小肠扭转。结论：肠系膜上动静脉CTA对小肠扭转具有确诊价值。     

Noninvasive methods in the diagnosis of isolated superior mesenteric vein thrombosis: US and CT

Five patients with isolated superior mesenteric vein thrombosis were diagnosed by ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT). The presence of echogenic material within the venous lumen was identified in all patients on sonography. A significant venous enlargement was sonographically observed in 1 patient with tumoral thrombosis. A sharply defined vascular wall with a rim of increased density and a central area of low attenuation was observed in 3 of 5 patients on CT. None of our patients developed bowel infarction secondary to venous occlusion and a conservative management was established in all.     

Aneurysms of the superior mesenteric artery and its branches

Aneurysms of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and its branches are rare. We describe three patients with aneurysms in the SMA or its branches found at angiography in our department. The importance of mesenteric aneurysms and different procedures for treatment are discussed.     

The ratio of superior mesenteric artery diameter to superior mesenteric vein diameter based on non-enhanced computed tomography in the early diagnosis of spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection

BACKGROUND:Spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection (SISMAD) is a rare cause of abdominal pain. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of a new parameter, the ratio of the SMA diameter to the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) diameter (SMA/SMV) based on non-enhanced computed tomography (CT), in the early diagnosis of SISMAD.METHODS:In a registry study from December 2013 to June 2021, 97 abdominal pain SISMAD patients (SISMAD group) admitted to our hospital were enrolled. Meanwhile, the matched sex and age abdominal pain non-SISMAD patients at 1:2 were collected in reverse chronological order as the control group. Student’s t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and Chi-square test were used to compare differences between the SISMAD and control groups. MedCalc was used to generate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.RESULTS:A total of 291 abdominal pain patients, including 97 SISMAD patients and 194 non-SISMAD patients, were included in the current study. The maximum SMA diameter, perivascular exudation, and SMA/SMV based on non-enhanced CT were significant between the two groups (all P<0.05). ROC curves showed that for the maximum SMA diameter, the area under the curve (AUC), cut-off, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.926, 9.80, 93.8%, and 79.4%, respectively. For SMA/SMV, its AUC, cut-off, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.956, 0.83, 88.7%, and 92.3%, respectively. The diagnostic efficiency of SMA/SMV was better than that of the maximum SMA diameter (P<0.05). The combined parameters of SMA/SMV and maximum SMA diameter had the best diagnostic efficiency (AUC=0.970).CONCLUSION:SMA/SMV may be a potential marker for SISMAD.     

选择性门静脉系统置管溶栓治疗肠系膜上静脉血栓疗效观察

目的探讨经皮经肝穿刺门静脉-肠系膜上静脉置管溶栓治疗肠系膜上静脉血栓（MVT）的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2011年4月通过经皮肝穿门静脉置管溶栓对15例MVT患者的治疗情况及疗效。结果15例患者均成功经皮肝穿门静脉置管,置管后无气胸、胆漏及腹腔内出血。11例患者溶栓效果佳,肠系膜上静脉、门静脉及脾静脉大部分或完全再通,再通率73．3％（11／15）,病死率为13．3％。尿激酶总量未超过500万U,未出现全身各系统出血病例。随访6～36个月,无门静脉系统血栓加重和复发病例。结论经皮经肝穿刺门静脉系统置管溶栓技术容易掌握,局部灌注溶栓治疗效果佳,并发症发生率低,可作为MVT治疗的一种选择方法。     

血浆D-二聚体检测对肠系膜上动脉血栓的诊断价值

目的 分析血浆D-二聚体检测对肠系膜上动脉血栓的诊断价值.方法 对疑似肠系膜上动脉血栓的78例患者进行选择性肠系膜上动脉造影,阳性者30例为实验组,阴性者48例为对照组,检测所有患者的血浆D-二聚体水平.结果 实验组血浆D-二聚体水平明显增高,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义 （P＜0.05）.D-二聚体检测作为肠系膜上动脉血栓的诊断方法的敏感性为93.3%,特异性为59.6%,阴性预测值为93.5%.结论 血浆D-二聚体检测对于肠系膜上动脉血栓的诊断是一种简单快速的敏感方法,可以作为排除肠系膜上动脉血栓的筛选试验     

Comparison of invasive dynamic blood pressure between superior mesenteric artery and common carotid artery in rats

The purpose of this study was to identify the consistency of invasive dynamic blood pressure (BP) monitoring between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the common carotid artery (CCA). METHODS: Eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were cannulated in SMA and CCA simultaneously for BP monitoring, respectively. The abdominal aorta was prepared for the induction of BP change through clamping/de-clamping by a microvascular clip. The dynamic BP monitoring was performed by a polygraph system. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) values would be recorded during different time periods: the baseline (T1), the increasing period after clamping (T2), the platform period during clamping (T3), the decreasing period after de-clamping (T4), and the final platform period (T5). Three trials were performed on each rat with 15-minute intervals between consecutive monitoring. RESULTS: Systolic BP showed no significant differences between SMA and CCA. However, significant difference was found in diastolic blood pressure except at T5 (P=0.534). Mean arterial pressure of two arteries were signi cantly different only at T1 (P=0.015). The strength of association was significantly high between BP measurements through SMA and CCA (P<0.001). The Bland- Altman analyses showed that mean bias of MAP changed no more than 5 mmHg and standard deviation less than 8 mmHg during T2 and T4, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study indicates SMA might be an alternative site for invasive BP monitoring during abdominal aorta occlusion and release, especially in cerebrovascular-related research.     

2型糖尿病患者颈动脉病变与肠系膜上动脉病变的相关性分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者颈动脉病变与肠系膜上动脉病变的相关性,旨在提高对2型糖尿病患者并发肠缺血的认识。方法应用彩色多普勒超声对2型糖尿病患者（63例）及健康成人（50例）行颈动脉及肠系膜上动脉检查,彩色多普勒超声检查其颈动脉病变与肠系膜上动脉病变,测量血管的搏动指数、阻力指数,并分析两支血管的相关性。结果63例糖尿病患者中,41例存在颈动脉病变,36例存在肠系膜上动脉病变,糖尿病组41例颈动脉病变患者中,33例同时伴有肠系膜上动脉病变。糖尿病组颈动脉病变与肠系膜上动脉病变存在80％重合现象。糖尿病组颈动脉、肠系膜上动脉的搏动指数、阻力指数均较对照组减小（P〈0．05）,且两支血管存在显著相关性（r=0．085）结论糖尿病不仅是造成头颈部动脉病变的重要危险因素,也同样是腹腔主要供血动脉-肠系膜上动脉病变发病危险因素之一．两者乡间存存显薯相姜忡．     

Isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection: An updated review of the literature

Isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (ISMAD) is a rare but potentially life-threatening cause of acute abdominal pain. Owing to the availability of computed tomography angiography, more cases have been detected during screening for acute abdomen in recent years. With increasing knowledge of ISMAD, a better management strategy is being developed. To enhance our understanding and improve treatment outcomes of ISMAD, a systematic literature review was conducted with a focus on diagnosis and management strategies based on existing evidence.