Reversible dementia in systemic lupus erythematosus without antiphospholipid antibodies or cerebral infarction

Dementia is a very rare neurological manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and has a deep link with antiphospholipid antibodies (APL) and cerebral infarction in its development. However, nonvascular dementia irrelevant to APL or cerebral infarction has not been reported in patients with SLE until now. We describe a case of reversible dementia in an SLE patient without APL or cerebral infarction which was successfully treated with corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide. There are two significant points in this case. One is that humoral factors other than APL might be involved in the development of dementia. Secondly, reversible dementia without APL or cerebral infarction may respond more favorably to immunosuppressive therapy.     

脑梗死患者血流动力学的季节性变化

目的 应用经颅多普勒(TCD)探讨季节变化对脑梗死患者颅内血流动力学的影响.方法 对脑梗死组和对照组进行TCD检测,冬季检测一次,夏季复检一次,观察双侧大脑中动脉(MCA)的收缩期峰值血流速度(Vs)、舒张末期血流速度(Vd)、平均血流速度(Vm)、搏动指数(PI)的变化特征,对两组在不同季节的TCD血流指标改变进行统计学分析.结果 ①脑梗死组与对照组的PI值冬夏季差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001),脑梗死组PI值均高于对照组;②两组冬夏季血流指标自身比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);③脑梗死组中进展组的Vs在不同季节差异有统计学意义,冬季Vs明显比夏季慢;④脑梗死组各危险因素分组中,MCA狭窄组的Vs、Vm在不同季节差异有统计学意义,冬季Vs、Vm均高于夏季;高血压组、血脂异常组、NIHSS评分分组在冬夏季差异无统计学意义.结论 季节变化与脑梗死患者颅内血流动力学改变有相关性,有MCA狭窄的脑梗死患者脑血流动力学改变更易受寒冷刺激影响.     

老年糖尿病伴或不伴脑梗死患者P300诱发电位测定的临床意义

目的探讨老年糖尿病伴或不伴脑梗死患者听觉认知电位P300的变化特点及诊断价值.方法采用听觉Cond序列刺激的诱发电位方法对81例老年糖尿病患者(其中35例合并有多发性脑梗死)与30例健康老人进行测试.结果(1)糖尿病组与对照组健康老人比较,前者P300波潜伏期明显延长,P300波波幅显著降低.(2)糖尿病伴脑梗死组与不伴脑梗死组比较,前者P300波潜伏期明显延长,P300波波幅显著降低.(3)糖尿病组伴血管性痴呆亚组(VD)与多发性脑梗死亚组(MI)比较,前者P300波潜伏期更显著延长(P＜0.001),VD组P300潜伏期与简易智能化量表(MMSE)评分呈显著性负相关(P＜0.005).(4)糖尿病伴抑郁组与不伴抑郁组比较,前者P300波潜伏期明显延长,P300波波幅显著降低.结论老年糖尿病患者比正常健康组P300波潜伏期明显延长,P300波幅明显降低,老年糖尿病组中合并脑梗死时P300波改变更为显著.因此P300测试更利于血管性痴呆的早期诊断及疾病严重程度的观察.     

Association of silent cerebral infarction with cerebral hemispheric--sub-tentorial infarction in patients with supra-nuclear dysarthria or dysphagia]

Little information is available concerning the latent effects of silent cerebral infarction (SCI) on dysarthria (DA), dysphagia (DP), or both. A detailed analysis of MR images of multiple cerebral infarction was carried out to determine whether SCI is associated with the development of DA or DP. In this study MR images of the supra- and sub-tentorial regions were obtained from 14 patients presenting with persistent DA and DP (DA + DP group) and 9 patients presenting with DA alone (DA group) after the first episode of cerebral infarction. The DA + DP inducing lesion was identified from the change in signal intensity and the side with symptoms in 6 patients. Involvement of 3 lesions of the bilateral cortical branches, striatum, and pons on the line connecting the contra-lateral SCI with the lesion were noted in 4 patients (67%, vs. 40% for the DA group). Latent association of SCI with the development of supra-nuclear DA and DP was noted in 1 patient each from the DA + DP and DA groups. The results of this study support the concept that SCI patients include those in which SCI is involved in the development of supra-nuclear DA or DP, and suggest that SCI should be treated.     

重组人促红细胞生成素对脑梗死患者的脑保护作用

目的观察重组人促红细胞生成素（rHu—EPO）治疗脑梗死的疗效。方法根据发病时间,将217例脑梗死患者分为急性期组（发病≤48h）113例和亚急性期组（发病〉48h至5d）104例。每组又按抽签法随机分为2个亚组,A1组（急性期对照组）50例,A2组（急性期治疗组）63例;B1组（亚急性期对照组）50例,B2组（亚急性期治疗组）54例。各组患者均接受基础治疗,A2组和B2组辅助rHu—EPO治疗,3000U／次,皮下注射,1次／3d,共2次。治疗前和治疗后第1、6个月时,采用改良爱丁堡±斯堪的那维亚评分（MESSS）评价神经功能缺损状况,检测治疗后14d时血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）水平,并观察血清一氧化氮（NO）变化。结果①治疗后第1、6个月A2组患者MESSS分别为16±6、10±7,A1组分别为21±8、14±4,两组间第1、6个月比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;治疗后14d,A2组NSE为（10．0±3．6）μg/L,NO为（41±6）μmol／L,A1组NSE为（12．4±5．8）μg／L,NO为（47±10）μmol／L,两组比较,P〈0．05和P〈0．01。②第1、6个月B2组与B1组间MESSS差异无统计学意义（均p〉0．05）;14d时两组间NO水平相近（P〉0．05）,但两组间NSE比较[（12．0±5．1）、（14．3±4．8）μg/L],差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。③第1、6个月A2组与B2组间MESSS比较,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．001）。结论EPO能改善脑梗死急性期患者的近期预后,具有脑保护作用;但对亚急性期患者的预后,未显示有改善作用。短期应用rHu—EPO,无明显不良反应。其治疗机制之一可能是抑制了NO过量生成。     

分水岭脑梗死与脑血管狭窄

分水岭脑梗死发病率较高.目前,对于分水岭脑梗死与脑血管狭窄的相关性研究大多局限于责任血管病灶,而动脉粥样硬化性疾病是一种慢性全身炎症反应,常常存在多发性血管狭窄.文章分别从颈动脉合并其他部位动脉狭窄、大脑中动脉合并其他部位动脉狭窄以及侧支循环等方面对分水岭脑梗死进行了阐述,以提高对分水岭脑梗死与多发性脑动脉狭窄相关性的认识.     

Cerebral infarction and cerebral salt wasting syndrome in a patient with tuberculous meningoencephalitis

A 38-year old female with underlying systemic lupus erythematosus was admitted with tuberculous meningoencephalitis. After an initial good response to anti-tuberculous treatment, she developed cerebral infarction and profound hyponatremia. This was due to cerebral salt wasting syndrome, which has only previously been described in 2 cases. The difficulties in diagnosis and management of this case are discussed.     

Cerebral hemodynamics and silent cerebral white matter lesions in middle-aged essential hypertensive patients

Cerebral white matter lesions (WML) represent a subclinical form of ischemic brain damage that have been associated with risk of future stroke. Studies have shown an association between WML and impaired cerebral autoregulation in hypertensives who had previously suffered a stroke. The aim of the study was to evaluate cerebral hemodynamics in asymptomatic hypertensives according to the presence or absence of WML. Fifty never-treated essential hypertensives (32 men, 18 women), aged 50-60 years, without clinical evidence of target organ damage were studied. All patients underwent 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and brain-magnetic resonance imaging to establish the presence or absence of WML. Baseline cerebral blood flow velocity (CBF), pulsatility index (PI; differences between systolic and diastolic velocities), and CBF after acetazolamide infusion (vasomotor reactivity of cerebral vessels), were measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in both left and right middle cerebral arteries, and averaged. Twenty hypertensive patients (40%) were found to have WML on brain resonance. No differences were observed on resting and stimulating CBF between hypertensives with and without WML. In contrast, patients with WML exhibited significantly higher PI compared with hypertensives without WML (0.79 ± 0.13 vs 0.66 ± 0.12; p = 0.003). Moreover, PI correlated with 24-h pulse pressure (r = 0.361; p = 0.015). We conclude that the presence of silent WML in middle-aged hypertensives is associated with increased cerebrovascular pulsatility. This increased pulsatility is also associated with higher pulse pressure values, suggesting a pathogenetic link between pulse pressure, pulsatility and the development of WML.     

Effects of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase combined with edaravone on cerebral hemodynamics and T lymphocyte level in patients with acute cerebral infarction

Our study aimed to investigate the effect of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase and edaravone on cerebral hemodynamics and T lymphocyte level in patients harboring acute cerebral infarction.There involved a total of 118 patients with acute cerebral infarction from November 2017 to May 2019 in our hospital were randomly divided into 2 groups: the observation group (59 patients were treated with intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase combined with edaravone) and the control group (59 patients were treated with intravenous thrombolysis of alteplase). The clinical effect, neurological function, cerebral hemodynamic index, T lymphocyte level, oxygen free radical scavenging level and oxidative stress index of the 2 groups were observed and compared.Before the treatment, there were no significant differences in neurological function, cerebral hemodynamic indexes, T-lymphocyte level, oxygen free radical scavenging level and oxidative stress indexes between the 2 groups (P > .05). After the treatment, the neurological function, cerebral hemodynamic indexes, T-lymphocyte level, oxygen free radical scavenging level and oxidative stress indexes of the 2 groups were significantly improved. In addition, the observation group exerted greater beneficial effect in terms of the clinical effect, neurologic function, cerebral hemodynamic index, T lymphocyte level, oxygen free radical scavenging level and oxidative stress index than those of the control group (P < .05).The intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase and edaravone is effective in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction, which also provides better results in terms of improving the clinical efficacy and prognosis of patients and might be an alternative option for clinical practice.     

丁苯酞联合血栓通治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效

目的研究血栓通联合丁苯酞治疗对缺血性脑卒中患者颅内动脉血流动力学的影响。方法缺血性脑卒中患者100例随机分为两组,单用组患者给予血栓通,联用组患者给予丁苯酞+血栓通治疗,对比治疗效果和颅内动脉血流动力学。结果联用组和单用组患者总有效率分别为92.00%、70.00%,联用组显著高于单用组;治疗后联用组颅内动脉血流动力学指标均显著优于单用组(均P<0.05);经治疗后,联用组AC/GPRDH比值为(0.861±0.030),明显高于单用组(0.443±0.024)(均P<0.05)。结论丁苯酞联合血栓通治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床效果确切,能够改善患者颅内动脉血流动力学,改善预后。     

瞬时波强对老年脑梗死患者颈动脉血流动力学变化的初步分析

目的应用瞬时波强(WI)检测老年脑梗死患者颈动脉血流动力学变化,分析WI在评价脑血管床血流动力学方面的临床应用价值。方法选择38例老年脑梗死患者为脑梗死组,同期选择健康体检者34例为对照组,检测颈动脉WI,采集WI相关参数负向波曲线下面积(NA)及转化前负向波曲线下面积(NAd)并进行分析。结果与对照组比较,脑梗死组NA及NAd明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论应用WI可无创评价脑梗死患者脑血管床阻力变化,参数NA及NAd可有效反映脑血管床的阻力变化情况,为临床提供新的途径和方法。     

Absence of outcome difference in elderly patients with and without dementia after acute myocardial infarction

It is still unclear whether the presence of dementia has a negative effect on survival in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Therefore, using data from the Tokai Acute Myocardial Infarction Study II (TAMIS-II), we set out to clarify the differences in in-hospital and long-term mortality between AMI patients with and without dementia. The study was a prospective study of all consecutive patients admitted to 15 acute care hospitals in the Tokai region with a diagnosis of AMI between 2001 and 2003. A total of 1837 patients (62 with dementia and 1775 without dementia) with AMI, aged 65 and over, were included in the present analysis. Patients with dementia were in general older, female, and impaired in their daily activities. They were also more likely to have a history of myocardial infarction, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and less likely to have a history of angina or smoking. They were less likely to have chest pain on arrival and lateral myocardial infarction. The percentage of patients with dementia who were transferred to an intensive care unit/coronary care unit or who were given percutaneous coronary intervention was lower. At discharge, the percentage of patients with dementia treated with aspirin was lower, and that of patients with dementia treated with diuretics was higher. In-hospital death rates for patients with and without dementia were 17.7% and 11.1% during hospitalization, respectively (P = 0.101). Long-term mortality after AMI was higher among patients with dementia before adjustment (24.2% versus 14.6%, P = 0.004). However, we were unable to detect differences after adjustment for potential confounders. Thus, our findings suggest that dementia has minimal effects on long-term mortality in patients with AMI.     

烟雾病的脑血流动力学

脑血流动力学变化是烟雾病发生、发展的一个重要病理生理学过程.烟雾病脑血流动力学变化一直是研究的热点.文章主要介绍了脑血流动力学参数及检测方法 、烟雾病患者脑血流动力学变化特征及其研究的新进展.     

多发性脑梗死性痴呆模型的形态学研究

目的建立一种有机微血栓所导致的多发性脑梗死性痴呆动物模型，评价其可靠性和实用性。方法将Wistar成年大鼠随机分为正常对照组（不给予任何处置）、模型组（于左侧颈外动脉逆行插管至左侧颈总动脉分叉处，注入有机微血栓0．5ml，造成多发性脑梗死动物模型）、假手术组（于左侧颈外动脉逆行插管至左侧颈总动脉分叉处，向颈内动脉内注入生理盐水0．5m1）。应用光镜观察多发性脑梗死性痴呆大鼠海马的形态学改变。结果造模后脑内存在广泛而多发的梗死灶，以海马区梗死发生率为最高。结论建立的模型与临床上多发性脑梗死性痴呆病人相似，是进行多发性脑梗死性痴呆基础研究和临床研究的理想动物模型。     

冠脉斑块类型及冠脉狭窄程度与脑梗塞的相关性研究

目的 探讨脑梗死患者与非脑梗死患者冠脉斑块类型及冠脉狭窄程度的差异.方法 选取2013年3～7月我院心内科收治的172例可疑冠心病患者,根据有无脑梗死病史,分为脑梗死组(46例)和非脑梗死组(126例).所有患者均行冠脉双源CT,并对冠脉血管斑块节段(混合斑块节段、钙化斑块节段和非钙化斑块节段)计数.对两组患者冠脉斑块的类型及冠脉狭窄程度分析比较.结果 脑梗死组冠脉病变支数明显多于非脑梗死组(P=0.019);脑梗死组冠脉斑块节段总数和混合斑块节段数明显多于非脑梗死组(P＜0.01);脑梗死组与非脑梗死组相比,LM P=0.016,LAD P＜0.01,LCX P=0.003,RCA P=0.037,且混合斑块节段数明显多于非脑梗死组.结论 ①与无脑梗死病史的患者相比,有脑梗病史且合并疑似冠心病的患者,冠脉受累节段数明显较多;②冠脉混合斑块有可能是脑梗死的一个重要危险因素,但尚需进一步大样本研究.     

Comparison of midazolam with or without fentanyl for conscious sedation and hemodynamics in coronary angiography

OBJECTIVE: To compare the hemodynamic and sedative effects of midazolam - with or without fentanyl combination - with placebo in coronary angiography. DESIGN: Prospective, double-blind, randomized study. SETTING: University medical centre. PATIENTS: All patients undergoing coronary angiography. INTERVENTIONS: Demographic data, hemodynamic variables, sedation and anxiety scores, amnesia, patient and cardiologist satisfaction, and adverse effects were evaluated and compared among coronary angiography patients taking midazolam, midazolam and fentanyl, or placebo before the procedure. MAIN RESULTS: Ninety patients scheduled for coronary angiography were randomly assigned into three groups: a midazolam-placebo group (group MP), a midazolam-fentanyl group (group MF) and a placebo group (group P). Hemodynamic stability was better in each sedation group (groups MP and MF) than in group P. Sedation scores, anxiolysis, and patient and cardiologist satisfaction were not different between the sedation groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both techniques of conscious sedation - midazolam and midazolam with fentanyl - are satisfactory for coronary angiography where hemodynamic stability and patient cooperation are required. In such procedures, local anesthesia without sedation may lead to hypertension and increase overall morbidity.     

Hospital course of acute myocardial infarction treated with or without anticoagulants

Three hundred patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were studied. Half of them received anticoagulant treatment with heparin and acenocoumarin (Group I) The other 150 patients did not have anticoagulant therapy (Group II) Both groups were similar in age, sex, prior history of diabetes, arterial hypertension or smoking habits. The incidence of persistent angina, arrhythmias, pulmonary embolism and re-infarction was not different for both groups. The mortality was slightly higher in group II. Of the patients who died, the autopsy demonstrated fresh thrombi in all cases of both groups; in addition, most of the patients of group II hemorrhage of the coronary artery wall was found.