p27和p57蛋白在血小板源生长因子BB刺激下血管平滑肌细胞增殖过程中的表达

目的:观察不同剂量的血小板源生长因子BB刺激对血管平滑肌细胞生长率的影响及血管平滑肌细胞不同增殖程度下p27和p57蛋白表达量的变化。方法:实验于1998-09/2000-05在南方医科大学附属南方医院心内科实验室完成。①选用七八周雄性SD大鼠80只,体外分离SD大鼠主动脉中层平滑肌,贴壁法培养平滑肌细胞,选用2～4代培养的细胞。②胰酶消化的血管平滑肌细胞,浓度为1×108L-1,分别接种于6孔板上,无血清的培养基静止48h,分别加入血小板源生长因子BB10和20μg/L,无血清的培养基为对照组,分别在刺激1,3,5d后,计算不同剂量的血小板源生长因子BB刺激下的血管平滑肌细胞数量,每组重复4次,取平均值。③在用血小板源生长因子BB10和20μg/L刺激6,12,24h后收集细胞,用免疫印迹分析法检测细胞中p27和p57蛋白表达量。结果:①血管平滑肌细胞数量:血小板源生长因子BB刺激1和3及5d后血小板源生长因子BB10和20μg/L组明显高于对照组(t=4.06～21.76,P<0.05～0.01)。②血管平滑肌细胞中p27蛋白表达量(A值):血小板源生长因子BB刺激12和24h后血小板源生长因子BB10和20μg/L组明显低于对照组(P<0.05,0.01),血小板源生长因子BB20μg/L组明显低于血小板源生长因子BB10μg/L组(P<0.01)。p57蛋白表达量(A值):血小板源生长因子BB刺激24h后血小板源生长因子BB10和20μg/L组明显高于对照组(P<0.01),血小板源生长因子BB20μg/L组明显高于血小板源生长因子BB10μg/L组(P<0.01)。结论:①在血小板源生长因子BB刺激的血管平滑肌细胞增殖过程中,p27和p57蛋白表达量变化不同。②在增殖的血管平滑肌细胞中随刺激因子作用时间的延长,表达量逐渐下降,而p57蛋白表达水平随血管平滑肌细胞的增殖而增加,p27蛋白表达量的变化可能是决定血管平滑肌细胞增殖的关键因素。     

p27和p57蛋白在血小板源生长因子BB刺激下血管平滑肌细胞增殖过程中的表达

目的：观察不同剂量的血小板源生长因子BB刺激对血管平滑肌细胞生长率的影响及血管平滑肌细胞不同增殖程度下p27和p57蛋白表达量的变化。方法：实验于1998-09／2000-05在南方医科大学附属南方医院心内科实验室完成。①选用七八周雄性SD大鼠80只，体外分离SD大鼠主动脉中层平滑肌，贴壁法培养平滑肌细胞，选用2～4代培养的细胞。②胰酶消化的血管平滑肌细胞，浓度为1&;#215;10^8L^-1，分别接种于6孔板上，无血清的培养基静止48h，分别加入血小板源生长因子BB10和20μg／L，无血清的培养基为对照组，分别在刺激1，3，5d后，计算不同剂量的血小板源生长因子BB刺激下的血管平滑肌细胞数量。每组重复4次，取平均值。③在用血小板源生长因子BB10和20μg/L刺激6，12，24h后收集细胞，用免疫印迹分析法检测细胞中p27和p57蛋宴表达量。结果：①血管平滑肌细胞数量：血小板源生长因子BB刺激1和3及5d后血小板源生长因子BB10和20μg／L组明显高于对照组（t=4．06-21．76，P〈0．05-0．01）。②血管平滑肌细胞中p27蛋白表达量（A值）：血小板源生长因子BB刺激12和24h后血小板源生长因子BB10和20μg/L．几组明显低于对照组（P〈0．05，0．01），血小板源生长因子BB20μg/L组明显低于血小板源生长因子BB10μg/L组（P〈0．01）。p57蛋白表达量（A值）：血小板源生长因子BB刺激24h后血小板源生长因子BB10和20μg/L组明显高于对照组（P〈0．01），血小板源生长因子BB20μg/L．几组明显高于血小板源生长因子BB10μg/L组（P〈0．01）。结论：①在血小板源生长因子BB刺激的血管平滑肌细胞增殖过程中，p27和p57蛋白表达量变化不同。②在增殖的血管平滑肌细胞中随刺激因子作用时间的延长，表达量逐渐下降，而p57蛋白表达水平随血管平滑肌细胞的增殖而增加，p27蛋白表达量的变化可能是决定血管平滑肌细胞增殖的关键因素。     

成人外周血平滑肌祖细胞的体外培养

背景:外周血平滑肌祖细胞具有向平滑肌细胞分化的能力.目的:探索体外分离培养成人外周血平滑肌祖细胞的方法及其生长分化特性.方法:采用密度梯度离心法分离获得成人外周血单个核细胞,培养12 d后,应用流式细胞仪鉴定分析平滑肌祖细胞并分选纯化,继续培养诱导分化.采用倒置显微镜观察平滑肌祖细胞的形态变化,免疫荧光染色法观察其α-肌动蛋白的表达,同时应用Western blot法检测调宁蛋白、平滑肌肌球蛋白重链的表达情况.此外,观察平滑肌祖细胞的生长特性,绘制生长曲线.结果与结论:成人外周血单个核细胞诱导培养4 d时开始出现细胞集落,12 d时细胞呈明显梭形.流式细胞仪分析显示,CD14和CD105双阳性的平滑肌祖细胞占贴壁细胞的(71.8±7.2)%.分选纯化的平滑肌祖细胞培养到28 d呈旋涡状生长.间接免疫荧光染色显示,α-肌动蛋白表达呈阳性.Western blot检测显示,调宁蛋白和平滑肌肌球蛋白重链分别于14,21 d开始表达,并逐渐增加.生长曲线表明,细胞生长至第6天进入对数生长期,第12天后进入平台期.提示通过对外周血单个核细胞的诱导培养,可以获得大量的平滑肌祖细胞.它能稳定增殖,并可进一步分化为平滑肌细胞.     

血管平滑肌细胞表型改变与肿瘤抑制基因p21WAF1和p53的关系

目的增殖表型血管平滑肌细胞中肿瘤抑制基因p21WAF1基因和p53基因表达可能具有对抗血管平滑肌细胞的增殖能力,观察血管平滑肌细胞表型变化与肿瘤抑制基因p21WAF1和p53的关系.方法实验于2003-09/10哈尔滨医科大学医学遗传学研究室完成.应用胶原酶消化法建立大鼠原代培养血管平滑肌细胞,去血清诱导体外培养血管平滑肌细胞分化.流式细胞分析检测不同表型血管平滑肌细胞增殖能力,反转录-聚合酶链反应和蛋白质印迹分析方法检测血管平滑肌细胞分化相关基因平滑肌特异性α-肌动蛋白和calponin表达变化,反转录-聚合酶链反应和蛋白质印迹杂交方法检测p21 WAF1和p53基因表达变化.结果去血清培养后,原代培养大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖能力下降,DNA合成前期细胞明显增加[(48.38±2.35)%],细胞分化基因平滑肌特异性α-肌动蛋白和calponin明显表达.肿瘤抑制基因p21WAF1和p53表达下降.在200 g/L血清培养后,大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖旺盛,DNA合成前期细胞相对较少[(28.80±1.58)%],细胞分化相关基因平滑肌特异性肌动蛋白和calponin表达明显下调,肿瘤抑制基因p21 WAF1和p53表达显著增加.结论肿瘤抑制基因表达与血管平滑肌细胞表型状态密切相关.提示某些病理性增殖过程中肿瘤抑制基因的大量表达可能与其对抗细胞增殖的功能相关,并可能在血管平滑肌细胞由合成表型逆转为分化表型的分子调控中发挥作用.     

人牙周膜细胞在羧甲基壳聚糖和血小板衍生生长因子BB环境中的增殖

背景:羧甲基壳聚糖或血小板衍生生长因子均可促进对体外培养人牙周膜细胞的增殖。目的:观察羧甲基壳聚糖和血小板衍生生长因子BB联合应用对体外培养人牙周膜细胞增殖和分化能力的影响。方法:取生长良好的第4或5代人牙周膜细胞,分组培养:对照组(仅含体积分数2%FBS的DMEM培养液)、10μg/L血小板衍生生长因子BB组、100mg/L羧甲基壳聚糖+10μg/L血小板衍生生长因子BB组、800mg/L羧甲基壳聚糖+10μg/L血小板衍生生长因子BB组、100mg/L羧甲基壳聚糖组、800mg/L羧甲基壳聚糖组。结果与结论:①MTT检测:与对照组比较,其余各组均能促进人牙周膜细胞增殖,且100mg/L羧甲基壳聚糖+10μg/L血小板衍生生长因子BB、800mg/L羧甲基壳聚糖+10μg/L血小板衍生生长因子BB组细胞增殖高于其他组(P<0.05),100mg/L羧甲基壳聚糖+10μg/L血小板生性生长因子BB促增殖作用最显著(P<0.05)。②细胞周期检测:与MTT检测结果相符。③碱性磷酸酶活性:与对照组比较,除10μg/L血小板衍生生长因子BB组降低外,其余组均增强(P<0.05)。表明羧甲基壳聚糖和血小板衍生生长因子BB联合应用可促进人牙周膜细胞增殖和骨向分化。     

平滑肌祖细胞在新型细胞外基质支架上的生长特性

背景:血管壁细胞包括内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞,平滑肌细胞合成分泌的胶原蛋白、弹力蛋白和蛋白聚糖等细胞外基质是提供血管塑形及张力的最主要成分,平滑肌细胞在细胞外基质支架上生长可能更接近体内生长环境特性.目的:观察鼠骨髓来源平滑肌祖细胞在毯状细胞外基质支架上的生长特性.设计、时间及地点:细胞水平对比观察实验,于2007-07/2008-07在江苏大学临床检验实验室完成.材料:将纤维蛋白原、层粘连蛋白和纤粘连蛋白按一定比例混合后,在新鲜大鼠血浆促凝coagulation作用下,构建毯状细胞外基质支架.方法:实验组诱导培养骨髓来源的第2代平滑肌祖细胞种植在毯状细胞外基质支架表面.对照组将骨髓来源的第2代平滑肌祖细胞接种到无菌圆盖玻片上.主要观察指标:于培养1,4,7,10,14,21 d用电镜观察支架表面结构及平滑肌祖细胞生长情况;Westem Blotting法、Real-Time PCR法分别检测α-SMA蛋白及mRNA表达变化.结果:实验组平滑肌祖细胞贴壁率、增殖数明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);电镜显示细胞在支架表面形成较平整的平面,如典型"平滑肌"形状:实验组平滑肌祖细胞为多层、三维立体、更接近天然血管的结构;实验组α-SMA蛋白及基因表达明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:细胞外基质支架能显著促进平滑肌祖细胞黏附、增殖和分化,可作为一种新颖的合成人造血管的生物组织工程支架.     

成人外周血平滑肌祖细胞的体外培养

背景：外周血平滑肌祖细胞具有向平滑肌细胞分化的能力。目的：探索体外分离培养成人外周血平滑肌祖细胞的方法及其生长分化特性。方法：采用密度梯度离心法分离获得成人外周血单个核细胞,培养12d后,应用流式细胞仪鉴定分析平滑肌祖细胞并分选纯化,继续培养诱导分化。采用倒置显微镜观察平滑肌祖细胞的形态变化,免疫荧光染色法观察其α-肌动蛋白的表达,同时应用Westernblot法检测调宁蛋白、平滑肌肌球蛋白重链的表达情况。此外,观察平滑肌祖细胞的生长特性,绘制生长曲线。结果与结论：成人外周血单个核细胞诱导培养4d时开始出现细胞集落,12d时细胞呈明显梭形。流式细胞仪分析显示,CD14和CD105双阳性的平滑肌祖细胞占贴壁细胞的（71.8±7.2）%。分选纯化的平滑肌祖细胞培养到28d呈旋涡状生长。间接免疫荧光染色显示,α-肌动蛋白表达呈阳性。Westernblot检测显示,调宁蛋白和平滑肌肌球蛋白重链分别于14,21d开始表达,并逐渐增加。生长曲线表明,细胞生长至第6天进入对数生长期,第12天后进入平台期。提示通过对外周血单个核细胞的诱导培养,可以获得大量的平滑肌祖细胞。它能稳定增殖,并可进一步分化为平滑肌细胞。     

血管平滑肌细胞表型改变与肿瘤抑制基因p^21 WAF1和p^53的关系

目的：增殖表型血管平滑肌细胞中肿瘤抑制基因p^21 WAF1基因和p^53基因表达可能具有对抗血管平滑肌细胞的增殖能力，观察血管平滑肌细胞表型变化与肿瘤抑制基因p^21 WAF1和p^53的关系。方法：实验于2003-09／10哈尔滨医科大学医学遗传学研究室完成。应用胶原酶消化法建立大鼠原代培养血管平滑肌细胞，去血清诱导体外培养血管平滑肌细胞分化。流式细胞分析检测不同表型血管平滑肌细胞增殖能力，反转录-聚合酶链反应和蛋白质印迹分析方法检测血管平滑肌细胞分化相关基因平滑肌特异性α-肌动蛋白和calponin表达变化，反转录-聚合酶链反应和蛋白质印迹杂交方法检测p^21 WAF1和p^53基因表达变化。结果：去血清培养后，原代培养大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖能力下降，DNA合成前期细胞明显增加[(48．38&;#177;2．35)％]，细胞分化基因平滑肌特异性α-肌动蛋白和calponin明显表达。肿瘤抑制基因p^21 WAF1和p^53表达下降。在200g／L血清培养后，大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖旺盛，DNA合成前期细胞相对较少[(28．80&;#177;1．58)％]，细胞分化相关基因平滑肌特异性肌动蛋白和calponin表达明显下调，肿瘤抑制基因p^21 WAF1和p^53表达显著增加。结论：肿瘤抑制基因表达与血管平滑肌细胞表型状态密切相关。提示某些病理性增殖过程中肿瘤抑制基因的大量表达可能与其对抗细胞增殖的功能相关，并可能在血管平滑肌细胞由合成表型逆转为分化表型的分子调控中发挥作用。     

正常成人粒细胞集落刺激因子动员外周血内皮祖细胞的生物学特性

背景：内皮祖细胞具有很好的临床应用前景,特别是作为种子细胞参与组织工程血管构建及疾病治疗。目的：观察粒细胞集落刺激因子动员的外周血中内皮祖细胞的生物学特性。方法：获取粒细胞集落刺激因子动员正常人的外周血单个核细胞,同时获取8例正常成人外周血单个核细胞作为对照。将获取的细胞接种在预铺纤维连接蛋白的培养皿中进行体外培养。FACS和免疫组化法检测获取细胞的免疫表型;采用MTT比色法和黏附能力测定实验检测内皮祖细胞的增殖和黏附能力;实时定量PCR检测血管形成相关细胞因子的表达;荧光标记的乙酰化低密度脂蛋白（Dil-acLDL）吞噬实验鉴定内皮功能;将获取的细胞接种在含有血管内皮细胞生长因子和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的基底膜胶中诱导血管生成。结果与结论：动员后外周血和未动员外周血内皮祖细胞具有相似的细胞形态和免疫表型,FACS和免疫组化检测结果显示上述两种内皮祖细胞都表达内皮细胞特异性抗原CD34、CD31、FLK-1、ve-Cadherin、vWF和CD133。内皮细胞生长因子和基质细胞衍生因子1在动员后外周血内皮祖细胞中的表达水平增加;两种来源的内皮祖细胞都具有吞噬Dil-acLDL和在体外诱导血管生成的能力。但是,动员的外周血中内皮祖细胞的数量和增殖能力明显强于未动员外周血中的内皮祖细胞。结果可见动员后的外周血中可以分离出具有内皮祖细胞特性的细胞群体,该群体具有体外诱导血管生成的能力;与未动员的外周血内皮祖细胞相比,动员后外周血内皮祖细胞数量明显增加并具有更好的增殖能力。     

平滑肌祖细胞与心血管疾病

平滑肌祖细胞是一类能够表达平滑肌球蛋白蕈链的平滑肌样细胞,骨髓、外周血以及心肌细胞、骨骼肌细胞和胚胎干细胞都有町能分化成平滑肌祖细胞.在一般情况下,平滑肌祖细胞均处于静息状态,直到机体对损伤或疾病产生应答时才被动员.当血管损伤时,在生长因子及细胞因以及粒细胞集落刺激因子的作用下,平滑肌祖细胞被动员并归巢于局部的损伤部位进而参与血管的重塑过程.近年来研究发现,这些来源不同的平滑肌祖细胞参与了血管重塑及动脉粥样硬化的发牛发展.一般认为平滑肌祖细胞参与新生内膜的形成因而加重了动脉的粥样硬化及在狭窄.但也有研究发现注射血管平滑肌祖细胞治疗后,损伤局部胶原及平滑肌细胞的含量增加,并且巨噬细胞的数量降低,同时平滑肌祖细胞可分泌细胞因子和生长因子,均导致斑块的稳定件提高.与内皮徂细胞相比,平滑肌祖细胞的研究相对较少,平滑肌祖细胞是否能成为一种运用于血管件疾病的基因及细胞治疗的有效于段还有待进一步证明.     

Effects of naftidrofuryl on adrenergic nerves, endothelium and smooth muscle in isolated canine blood vessels

Experiments were designed to determine the effects of the vasoactive drug naftidrofuryl on vascular smooth muscle, endothelial cells and adrenergic nerves in isolated canine blood vessels. Naftidrofuryl inhibited contractions of basilar arteries (in a decreasing order of potency), evoked by 5-hydroxytryptamine greater than KCl = anoxia (in rings with endothelium) greater than prostaglandin F2 alpha = uridine-5'-triphosphate. Naftidrofuryl antagonized competitively the contractions evoked by 5-hydroxytryptamine in the femoral artery and the saphenous vein. Naftidrofuryl caused the release of an endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s) from the endothelium of femoral arteries. The compound depressed contractions of saphenous veins evoked by electrical stimulation of the adrenergic nerve endings, but not those caused by the indirect sympathomimetic amine tyramine or exogenous norepinephrine. In saphenous veins incubated previously with [3H]norepinephrine, the drug inhibited the contractions and the release of transmitter evoked by electrical stimulation. Thus, naftidrofuryl acts at different levels in the blood vessel wall to cause: release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s); inhibition of S2-serotonergic receptors on vascular smooth muscle; prejunctional inhibition of adrenergic neurotransmission; and nonselective inhibition of the contractile process in vascular smooth muscle, which is particularly pronounced in cerebral arteries.     

Ca2+ mobilization in saphenous vein smooth muscle cells derived from patients with primary varicosity

BACKGROUND: Human primary varicosity is associated with 'weakness' of the vein wall. We investigated whether the reduced responsiveness of varicose veins to physiological vasoconstrictors might result from impaired Ca2+ mobilization in venous smooth muscle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hypothesis was tested in cells derived from phenotypically different vein segments that were obtained from the inguinal saphenous vein (tissue with incompetent valves), the distal portion of the long saphenous vein just above the medial ankle (clinically healthy tissue), and from a tributary to the long saphenous vein just below the knee (incompetent and overtly varicose tissue). Saphenous vein from patients undergoing cardiac surgery served as control. Cytosolic free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) were determined with the fura-2 method in cultured medial smooth muscle cells of third to sixth passage (21-23 measurements per tissue derived from five controls and seven patients). RESULTS: Angiotensin II (10 nmol L-1 to 10 mumol L-1) induced a significantly (P < 0.05) smaller rise in [Ca(2+)1i response in cells derived from incompetent or varicose segments (approximatley 70 nmol L-1) than in cells derived from clinically healthy vein (approximately 130 nmol L-1) or controls (approximately 170 nmol L-1). Likewise, the effect of endothelin-1 (100 nmol L-1) on [Ca2+]i was considerably less in cells derived from segments with incompetent valves or from varicose vessel segments than in cells derived from control patients (P < 0.05). In organ baths, endothelium-denuded strips of varicose vessels contracted significantly less in response to these agonists than clinically healthy segments from the same patient. CONCLUSIONS: The reduced contractility of diseased human varicose veins in response to angiotensin II and endothelin-1 involves impaired Ca2+ mobilization.     

Inhibition of human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by lovastatin: the role of isoprenoid intermediates of cholesterol synthesis

Abstract Restenosis remains the largest single obstacle to the long-term success of invasive vascular interventions. Lovastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, has been shown to reduce myointimal hyperplasia in animal models of restenosis and in one clinical coronary restenosis trial. We have assessed the effect of lovastatin on the growth of cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells derived from saphenous vein and vascular graft stenoses. Lovastatin (2 μM) inhibited proliferation over 14 days in saphenous vein (and graft stenoses) derived vascular smooth muscle cells by 42% and 32%, respectively: this was not significantly different. Lovastatin (10 μM) reduced [methyl 3H]-thymidine uptake by 51% in saphenous vein-derived cells. These concentrations were significantly higher than those achieved in plasma during therapeutic dosage. Lovastatin-induced inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and [methyl ³H]-thymidine uptake was completely reversed by adding mevalonate (100 μM) but cholesterol (10–40 μl^-1) had no effect. Isopentenyl adenine (25–50 μM) did not affect the inhibition of [methyl ³H]-thymidine uptake by lovastatin (10 μM), but farnesol (20 μM), another isoprenoid precursor of cholesterol synthesis, reversed the antiproliferative effect.     

利用自体血清培养人外周血内皮祖细胞

背景:传统方法培养人外周血来源内皮祖细胞操作复杂,费用大,细胞获得率较低。目的:利用自体血清培养人外周血来源内皮祖细胞,并鉴定其功能。方法:采用密度梯度离心法从人外周血分离得到单个核细胞,体外培养分化为内皮祖细胞。按培养基条件不同分为EGM-2MV组、添加自体血清组(M199+体积分数10%自体血清+胰岛素样生长因子)、添加胎牛血清组(M199+体积分数10%胎牛血清+血管内皮细胞生长因子+碱性成纤维细胞生长因子+胰岛素样生长因子+表皮生长因子)。观察内皮祖细胞增殖、迁移能力;采用细胞形态观察、双荧光染色法及流式细胞仪等技术对培养的内皮祖细胞进行鉴定。结果与结论:培养第7天,EBM-2MV组和添加自体血清组细胞增殖能力和迁移率都优于添加胎牛血清组(P<0.05)。每组细胞经结合Dil标记的乙酰化低密度脂蛋白和异硫氰酸荧光素标记的荆豆凝集素双色荧光染色鉴定后双阳性率>80%,免疫细胞化学检测显示每组细胞CD133,CD34和KDR的表达均为阳性。证实在M199培养液中添加自体血清是一种简单、高效的培养内皮祖细胞方法。     

血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞-聚羟基乙酸复合物置入裸鼠皮下构建人工血管

背景:有实验表明聚羟基乙酸支架材料已成功在裸鼠及大型哺乳动物体内构建形成了组织工程化软骨、骨、肌腱等组织,将血管内皮细胞与平滑肌细胞接种于聚羟基乙酸能否在裸鼠皮下形成血管样结构?目的:采用新生婴儿脐静脉血管内皮细胞与平滑肌细胞接种于片状聚羟基乙酸形成的复合物移植于裸鼠皮下,验证其形成血管样结构的可行性.设计:对比观察.单位:原上海第二医科大学组织工程重点实验室.材料:实验于2002-01/06在上海第二医科大学组织工程重点实验室完成.新生婴儿脐带来源于本院妇产科健康新生儿,经产妇知情同意,实验经过医院伦理委员会的批准.选用26只3～4周龄清洁级裸鼠,雌雄不拘,实验过程中对动物的处置符合动物伦理学标准.聚羟基乙酸购自Albany International Research Co..方法:将体外培养、扩增的新生婴儿脐静脉血管内皮细胞与平滑肌细胞接种于片状聚羟基乙酸材料上,形成细胞-材料复合物,将该复合物包绕于硅胶管使成管状结构后移植于20只裸鼠皮下为实验组,将未接种细胞的单纯聚羟基乙酸置入其余6只裸鼠皮下.主要观察指标:分别于细胞.生物材料复合物置入后第2,6周后取出两组移植物进行大体观察,并进行苏木精-伊红染色及免疫组织化学染色,检测Ⅷ因子及α-平滑肌肌动蛋白的表达.结果:裸鼠26只均进入结果分析.①大体观察结果:移植物置入2周后,两组移植物均有管状结构形成;置入6周后,对照组管形结构消失,围绕硅胶管有极薄的纤维组织包裹形成,抽去硅胶管后,纤维组织失去支撑,无法维持管型结构.实验组抽去硅胶管后,新生组织仍维持管型结构.②组织学观察及免疫组化检测结果:移植物置入2周后,两组均可在镜下观察到大量未完全降解的聚羟基乙酸,对照组内少有细胞成分,实验组内可见多量细胞存在;置入6周后,两组聚羟基乙酸成分基本消失,对照组只有菲薄的纤维结缔组织形成,实验组显示有新生血管组织形成,其最内层有Ⅷ因子阳性细胞覆盖,管壁内有大量细胞外基质及散在的α-平滑肌肌动蛋白阳性细胞存在.结论:血管内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞.聚羟基乙酸复合物置入裸鼠皮下可形成具有与正常血管组织学结构相似的血管.     

Regulation of smooth muscle cells in development and vascular disease: current therapeutic strategies

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit extensive phenotypic diversity and rapid growth during embryonic development, but maintain a quiescent, differentiated state in adult. The pathogenesis of vascular proliferative diseases involves the proliferation and migration of medial vascular SMCs into the vessel intima, possibly reinstating their embryonic gene expression programs. Multiple mitogenic stimuli induce vascular SMC proliferation through cell cycle progression. Therapeutic strategies targeting cell cycle progression and mitogenic stimuli have been developed and evaluated in animal models of atherosclerosis and vascular injury, and several clinical studies. Recent discoveries on the recruitment of vascular progenitor cells to the sites of vascular injury suggest new therapeutic potentials of progenitor cell-based therapies to accelerate re-endothelialization and prevent engraftment of SMC-lineage progenitor cells. Owing to the complex and multifactorial nature of SMC regulation, combinatorial antiproliferative approaches are likely to be used in the future in order to achieve maximal efficacy and reduce toxicity.     

Regulation of smooth muscle cells in development and vascular disease: current therapeutic strategies

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit extensive phenotypic diversity and rapid growth during embryonic development, but maintain a quiescent, differentiated state in adult. The pathogenesis of vascular proliferative diseases involves the proliferation and migration of medial vascular SMCs into the vessel intima, possibly reinstating their embryonic gene expression programs. Multiple mitogenic stimuli induce vascular SMC proliferation through cell cycle progression. Therapeutic strategies targeting cell cycle progression and mitogenic stimuli have been developed and evaluated in animal models of atherosclerosis and vascular injury, and several clinical studies. Recent discoveries on the recruitment of vascular progenitor cells to the sites of vascular injury suggest new therapeutic potentials of progenitor cell-based therapies to accelerate re-endothelialization and prevent engraftment of SMC-lineage progenitor cells. Owing to the complex and multifactorial nature of SMC regulation, combinatorial antiproliferative approaches are likely to be used in the future in order to achieve maximal efficacy and reduce toxicity.     

血管组织工程中单根主动脉培养的内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞形态学和生长增殖

目的:探索体外培养及扩增同一来源内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞的有效方法,为研究内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞相互关系和体外构建组织工程血管提供理论和实践基础。方法:在体外用酶消化法和组织块贴壁法分别建立内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞的原代,并应用胰蛋白酶和乙二胺四乙酸钠传代培养。应用光镜、透射电镜和细胞计数对内皮细胞和平附肌细胞的形态和增殖进行研究。结果:酶消化法和植块培养法可以有效的建立起内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞的原代。讨论:内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞作为血管构成的基本细胞,对于它们的形态学、体外培养和扩增以及相互关系的研究具有重要的意义。     

New insights in endothelial and smooth muscle cell communication.

Based on immunohistochemical techniques against connexins and the intercellular flux of staining molecules, it has previously been shown that electrotonic communication occurs among endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, this due to the presence of myoendothelial gap junctions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the density of myoendothelial contacts in the left coronary and internal mammary arteries as well as in the left saphenous vein by means of electron microscopy, the distance between both cells participating in an myoendothelial contact with a semi-automatic image analysis system and the presence of homocellular and heterocellular gap junctions between endothelial and smooth muscle cells by using the immunohistochemical technique and confocal microscopy in thoracic aorta were also analyzed. The results are that all blood vessels studied present myoendothelial contacts, while density studies show that they are more abundant in the saphenous vein. The myoendothelial contact distance is constant and in no case the cytoplasmic processes reach the plasma membrane of the partner cell toward which they are advanced. Homocellular gap junctions were found between smooth muscle cells and between endothelial cells. Heterocellular gap junctions were absent, evidencing the possibility that signaling molecules between endothelial and smooth muscle cells may be transferred through plasma membranes as was once thought and not necessarily by electrotonic communication.